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Power-to-weight ratio (or specific power or power-to-mass ratio) is a calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another. Power-to-weight ratio is a measurement of actual performance of any engine or power source. It is also used as a measurement of performance of a vehicle as a whole, with the engine's power output being divided by the weight (or mass) of the vehicle, to give a metric that is independent of the vehicle's size. Power-to-weight is often quoted by manufacturers at the peak value, but the actual value may vary in use and variations will affect performance.

The inverse of power-to-weight, weight-to-power ratio (power loading) is a calculation commonly applied to aircraft, cars, and vehicles in general, to enable the comparison of one vehicle's performance to another. Power-to-weight ratio is equal to thrust per unit mass multiplied by the velocity of any vehicle.

Power-to-weight (specific power)

The power-to-weight ratio (Specific Power) formula for an engine (power plant) is the power generated by the engine divided by the mass. ("Weight" in this context is a colloquial term for "mass". To see this, note that what an engineer means by the "power to weight ratio" of an electric motor is not infinite in a zero gravity environment.)

A typical turbocharged V8 diesel engine might have an engine power of Template:Convert and a mass of Template:Convert,^[1] giving it a power-to-weight ratio of 0.65 kW/kg (0.40 hp/lb).

Examples of high power-to-weight ratios can often be found in turbines. This is because of their ability to operate at very high speeds. For example, the Space Shuttle's main engines used turbopumps (machines consisting of a pump driven by a turbine engine) to feed the propellants (liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen) into the engine's combustion chamber. The original liquid hydrogen turbopump is similar in size to an automobile engine (weighing approximately Template:Convert) and produces 72,000 hp (53.6 MW)^[2] for a power-to-weight ratio of 153 kW/kg (93 hp/lb).

Physical interpretation

In classical mechanics, instantaneous power is the limiting value of the average work done per unit time as the time interval Δt approaches zero.

P=\lim _{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}{\tfrac {\Delta W(t)}{\Delta t}}=\lim _{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}P_{\mathrm {avg} }\,

The typically used metrical unit of the power-to-weight ratio is ${\tfrac {W}{kg}}\;$ which equals ${\tfrac {m^{2}}{s^{3}}}\;$ . This fact allows one to express the power-to-weight ratio purely by SI base units.

Propulsive power

If the work to be done is rectilinear motion of a body with constant mass $m\;$ , whose center of mass is to be accelerated along a straight line to a speed $|\mathbf {v} (t)|\;$ and angle $\phi \;$ with respect to the centre and radial of a gravitational field by an onboard powerplant, then the associated kinetic energy to be delivered to the body is equal to

E_{K}={\tfrac {1}{2}}m|\mathbf {v} (t)|^{2}

where:

m\;

is mass of the body

|\mathbf {v} (t)|\;

is speed of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.

The instantaneous mechanical pushing/pulling power delivered to the body from the powerplant is then

P_{K}={\tfrac {1}{2}}m2|\mathbf {v} (t)|\lim _{\Delta t\rightarrow 0}{\tfrac {\Delta |\mathbf {v} (t)|}{\Delta t}}=m\mathbf {a} (t)\cdot \mathbf {v} (t)=\mathbf {F} (t)\cdot \mathbf {v} (t)=\mathbf {\tau } (t)\cdot \mathbf {\omega } (t)

where:

\mathbf {a} (t)\;

is acceleration of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.

\mathbf {F} (t)\;

is linear force - or thrust - applied upon the center of mass of the body, changing with time.

\mathbf {v} (t)\;

is velocity of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.

\mathbf {\tau } (t)\;

is torque applied upon the center of mass of the body, changing with time.

\mathbf {\omega } (t)\;

is angular velocity of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.

In propulsion, power is only delivered if the powerplant is in motion, and is transmitted to cause the body to be in motion. It is typically assumed here that mechanical transmission allows the powerplant to operate at peak output power. This assumption allows engine tuning to trade power band width and engine mass for transmission complexity and mass. Electric motors do not suffer from this tradeoff, instead trading their high torque for traction at low speed. The power advantage or power-to-weight ratio is then

{\mbox{P-to-W}}={\frac {|\mathbf {a} (t)||\mathbf {v} (t)|}{|\mathbf {g} |}}\;

where:

|\mathbf {v} (t)|\;

is linear speed of the center of mass of the body.

Engine power

The actual useful power of any traction engine can be calculated using a dynamometer to measure torque and rotational speed, with peak power sustained when transmission and/or operator keeps the product of torque and rotational speed maximised. For jet engines there is often a cruise speed and power can be usefully calculated there, for rockets there is typically no cruise speed, so it is less meaningful.

Peak power of a traction engine occurs at a rotational speed higher than the speed when torque is maximised and at or below the maximum rated rotational speed - Max RPM. A rapidly falling torque curve would correspond with sharp torque and power curve peaks around their maxima at similar rotational speed, for example a small, lightweight engine with a large turbocharger. A slowly falling or near flat torque curve would correspond with a slowly rising power curve up to a maximum at a rotational speed close to Max RPM, for example a large, heavy multi-cylinder engine suitable for cargo/hauling. A falling torque curve could correspond with a near flat power curve across rotational speeds for smooth handling at different vehicle speeds.

Examples

Engines

Heat engines and heat pumps

Thermal energy is made up from molecular kinetic energy and latent phase energy. Heat engines are able to convert thermal energy in the form of a temperature gradient between a hot source and a cold sink into other desirable mechanical work. Heat pumps take mechanical work to regenerate thermal energy in a temperature gradient. Care should be made when interpreting propulsive power, especially for jet engines and rockets, deliverable from heat engines to a vehicle.

Heat Engine/Heat pump type	Peak Power Output		Power-to-weight ratio		Example Use
Wärtsilä RTA96-C 14-cylinder two-stroke Turbo Diesel engine^[3]	80,080 kW	108,920 hp	0.03 kW/kg	0.02 hp/lb	Emma Mærsk container ship
Suzuki 538 cc V2 4-stroke gas (petrol) outboard Otto engine^[4]	19 kW	25 hp	0.27 kW/kg	0.16 hp/lb	Runabout boats
DOE/NASA/0032-28 Mod 2 502 cc gas (petrol) Stirling engine^[5]	62.3 kW	83.5 hp	0.30 kW/kg	0.18 hp/lb	Chevrolet Celebrity Template:Cref2 1985
GM 6.6 L Duramax LMM (LYE option) V8 Turbo Diesel engine^[1]	246 kW	330 hp	0.65 kW/kg	0.40 hp/lb	Chevrolet Kodiak Template:Cref2, GMC Topkick Template:Cref2
Junkers Jumo 205A opposed-piston two-stroke Diesel engine^[6]	647 kW	867 hp	1.1 kW/kg	0.66 hp/lb	Ju 86C-1 airliner, B&V Ha 139 floatplane
GE LM2500+ marine turboshaft Brayton gas turbine^[7]	30,200 kW	40,500 hp	1.31 kW/kg	0.80 hp/lb	GTS Millennium cruiseship, QM2 ocean liner
Mazda 13B-MSP Renesis 1.3 L Wankel engine^[8]	184 kW	247 hp	1.5 kW/kg	0.92 hp/lb	Mazda RX-8 Template:Cref2
PW R-4360 71.5 L 28-cylinder supercharged Radial engine	3,210 kW	4,300 hp	1.83 kW/kg	1.11 hp/lb	B-50 Superfortress, Convair B-36
					C-97 Stratofreighter, C-119 Flying Boxcar
					Hughes H-4 Hercules "Spruce Goose"
Wright R-3350 54.57 L 18-c s/c Turbo-compound Radial engine	2,535 kW	3,400 hp	2.09 kW/kg	1.27 hp/lb	B-29 Superfortress, Douglas DC-7
Wright R-3350 54.57 L 18-c s/c Turbo-compound Radial engine	2,535 kW	3,400 hp	2.09 kW/kg	1.27 hp/lb	C-97 S/f prototype, Kaiser-Frazer C-119F
O.S. Engines 49-PI Type II 4.97 cc UAV Wankel engine^[9]	0.934 kW	1.252 hp	2.8 kW/kg	1.7 hp/lb	Model aircraft, Radio-controlled aircraft
GE LM6000 marine turboshaft Brayton gas turbine^[10]^[11]Template:Disputed-inline	44,700 kW	59,900 hp	5.67 kW/kg	3.38 hp/lb	Peaking power plant
GE CF6-80C2 Brayton high-bypass turbofan jet engine^[11]	44,700 kW	59,900 hp	5.67 kW/kg	3.38 hp/lb	Boeing 747 Template:Cref2, 767, Airbus A300
BMW V10 3L P84/5 2005 gas (petrol) Otto engine^[12]	690 kW	925 hp	7.5 kW/kg	4.6 hp/lb	Williams FW27 carTemplate:Cref2, Formula One auto racing
GE90-115B Brayton turbofan jet engine^[13]^[14]Template:Disputed-inline	83,164 kW	111,526 hp	10.0 kW/kg	6.10 hp/lb	Boeing 777
PWR RS-24 (SSME) Block II H₂ Brayton turbopump^[15]^[16]	63,384 kW	85,000 hp	138 kW/kg	84 hp/lb	Space Shuttle (STS-110 and later) Template:Cref2
PWR RS-24 (SSME) Block I H₂ Brayton turbopump^[2]	53,690 kW	72,000 hp	153 kW/kg	93 hp/lb	Space Shuttle

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Electric motors/Electromotive generators

An electric motor uses electrical energy to provide mechanical work, usually through the interaction of a magnetic field and current-carrying conductors. By the interaction of mechanical work on an electrical conductor in a magnetic field, electrical energy can be generated.

Electric motor type	Weight		Peak Power Output		Power-to-weight ratio		Example Use
Panasonic MSMA202S1G AC servo motor^[17]	6.5 kg	14.3 lb	2 kW	2.7 hp	0.31 kW/kg	0.19 hp/lb	Conveyor belts, Robotics
Toshiba 660 MVA water cooled 23kV AC turbo generator	1,342 t	2,959,000 lb	660 MW	885,000 hp	0.49 kW/kg	0.30 hp/lb	Bayswater, Eraring Coal Power stations
Canopy Tech. Cypress 32 MW 15 kV AC PM generator^[18]	33,557 kg	73,981 lb	32 MW	42,913 hp	0.95 kW/kg	0.58 hp/lb	Electric Power stations
Toyota Brushless AC Nd Fe B PM motor^[19]	36.3 kg	80.0 lb	50 kW	67 hp	1.37 kW/kg	0.84 hp/lb	Toyota Prius Template:Cref2 2004
Himax HC6332-250 Brushless DC motor^[20]	0.45 kg	0.99 lb	1.7 kW	2.28 hp	3.78 kW/kg	2.30 hp/lb	Radio controlled cars
Hi-Pa Drive HPD40 Brushless DC wheel hub motor^[21]	25 kg	55.1 lb	120 kW	161 hp	4.8 kW/kg	2.92 hp/lb	Mini QED HEV, Ford F150 HEV
ElectriFly GPMG4805 Brushless DC^[22]	1.48 kg	3.26 lb	8.4 kW	11.26 hp	5.68 kW/kg	3.45 hp/lb	Radio-controlled aircraft
EMRAX228 Brushless AC electric Motor^[23]	11.9 kg	26.18 lb	100 kW	134 hp	8.4 kW/kg	5.12 hp/lb	Battery Electric Air Plane

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Fluid engines and fluid pumps

Fluids (liquid and gas) can be used to transmit and/or store energy using pressure and other fluid properties. Hydraulic (liquid) and pneumatic (gas) engines convert fluid pressure into other desirable mechanical or electrical work. Fluid pumps convert mechanical or electrical work into movement or pressure changes of a fluid, or storage in a pressure vessel.

Fluid Powerplant type	Dry Weight		Peak Power Output		Power-to-weight ratio
PlatypusPower Q2/200 hydroelectric turbine^[24]	43 kg	95 lb	2 kW	2.7 hp	0.047 kW/kg	0.029 hp/lb
PlatypusPower PP20/200 hydroelectric turbine^[24]	330 kg	728 lb	20 kW	27 hp	0.060 kW/kg	0.037 hp/lb
Atlas Copco LZL 35 pneumatic motor^[25]	20 kg	44.1 lb	6.5 kW	8.7 hp	0.33 kW/kg	0.20 hp/lb
Atlas Copco LZB 14 pneumatic motor^[26]	0.30 kg	0.66 lb	0.16 kW	0.22 hp	0.53 kW/kg	0.33 hp/lb
Bosch 0 607 954 307 pneumatic motor^[27]	0.32 kg	0.71 lb	0.1 kW	0.13 hp	0.31 kW/kg	0.19 hp/lb
Atlas Copco LZB 46 pneumatic motor^[28]	1.2 kg	2.65 lb	0.84 kW	1.13 hp	0.7 kW/kg	0.43 hp/lb
Bosch 0 607 957 307 pneumatic motor^[27]	1.7 kg	3.7 lb	0.74 kW	0.99 hp	0.44 kW/kg	0.26 hp/lb
SAI GM7 radial piston hydraulic motor^[29]	300 kg	661 lb	250 kW	335 hp	0.83 kW/kg	0.50 hp/lb
SAI GM3 radial piston hydraulic motor^[30]	15 kg	33 lb	15 kW	20 hp	1 kW/kg	0.61 hp/lb
Denison GOLD CUP P14 axial piston hydraulic motor^[31]	110 kg	250 lb	384 kW	509 hp	3.5 kW/kg	2.0 hp/lb
Denison TB vane pump^[32]	7 kg	15 lb	40.2 kW	53.9 hp	5.7 kW/kg	3.6 hp/lb

Thermoelectric generators and electrothermal actuators

A variety of effects can be harnessed to produce thermoelectricity, thermionic emission, pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Electrical resistance and ferromagnetism of materials can be harnessed to generate thermoacoustic energy from an electric current.

Thermoelectric Powerplant type	Dry Weight		Peak Power Output		Power-to-weight ratio		Example Use
Teledyne ²³⁸Pu GPHS-RTG 1980^[33]^[34]	56 kg	123 lb	285 W	0.39 hp	5.09 W/kg	0.003 hp/lb	Galileo probe, New Horizons probe
Boeing ²³⁸Pu MMRTG MSL^[34]	44.1 kg	97.2 lb	123 W	0.16 hp	2.79 W/kg	0.002 hp/lb	Mars Science Laboratory
HZ-20 thermoelectric module	0.115 kg	0.254 lb	19 W	0.025 hp	165 W/kg	0.098 hp/lb	Hi-Z Technology Inc.

Electrochemical (galvanic) and electrostatic cell systems

(Closed cell) batteries

All electrochemical cell batteries deliver a changing voltage as their chemistry changes from "charged" to "discharged". A nominal output voltage and a cutoff voltage are typically specified for a battery by its manufacturer. The output voltage falls to the cutoff voltage when the battery becomes "discharged". The nominal output voltage is always less than the open-circuit voltage produced when the battery is "charged". The temperature of a battery can affect the power it can deliver, where lower temperatures reduce power. Total energy delivered from a single charge cycle is affected by both the battery temperature and the power it delivers. If the temperature lowers or the power demand increases, the total energy delivered at the point of "discharge" is also reduced.

Battery discharge profiles are often described in terms of a factor of battery capacity. For example a battery with a nominal capacity quoted in ampere-hours (Ah) at a C/10 rated discharge current (derived in amperes) may safely provide a higher discharge current - and therefore higher power-to-weight ratio - but only with a lower energy capacity. Power-to-weight ratio for batteries is therefore less meaningful without reference to corresponding energy-to-weight ratio and cell temperature. This relationship is known as Peukert's law.^[35]

Battery type	Volts	Temp.	Energy-to-weight ratio	Power-to-weight ratio
Energizer 675 Mercury Free Zinc-air battery^[36]	1.4V	21 °C	1,645 kJ/kg to 0.9 V	1.65 W/kg 2.24 mA
GE Durathon™ NaMx A2 UPS Molten salt battery^[37]	54.2V	-40–65°C	342 kJ/kg to 37.8 V	15.8 W/kg C/6 (76 A)
Panasonic R03 AAA Zinc–carbon battery^[38]^[39]	1.5 V	20±2 °C	47 kJ/kg 20 mA to 0.9 V	3.3 W/kg 20 mA
Panasonic R03 AAA Zinc–carbon battery^[38]^[39]	1.5 V	20±2 °C	88 kJ/kg 150 mA to 0.9 V	24 W/kg 150 mA
Eagle-Picher SAR-10081 60Ah 22-cell Nickel–hydrogen battery^[40]	27.7 V	10 °C	192 kJ/kg C/2 to 22 V	23 W/kg C/2
	27.7 V	10 °C	165 kJ/kg C/1 to 22 V	46 W/kg C/1
ClaytonPower 400Ah Lithium-ion battery^[41]^[42]	12V		617 kJ/kg	85.7 W/kg C/1 (175 A)
Energizer 522 Prismatic Zn–MnO₂ Alkaline battery^[43]	9 V	21 °C	444 kJ/kg 25 mA to 4.8 V	4.9 W/kg 25 mA
			340 kJ/kg 100 mA to 4.8 V	19.7 W/kg 100 mA
			221 kJ/kg 500 mA to 4.8 V	99 W/kg 500 mA
Panasonic HHR900D 9.25Ah Nickel–metal hydride battery^[44]	1.2 V	20 °C	209.65 kJ/kg to 0.7 V	11.7 W/kg C/5
				58.2 W/kg C/1
				116 W/kg 2C
URI 1418Ah replaceable anode Aluminium–air battery model^[45]^[46]	244.8 V	60 °C	4680 kJ/kg	130.3 W/kg (142 A)
LG Chemical/CPI E2 6Ah LiMn₂O₄ Lithium-ion polymer battery^[47]^[48]	3.8 V	25 °C	530.1 kJ/kg C/2 to 3.0 V	71.25 W/kg
	3.8 V	25 °C	513 kJ/kg 1C to 3.0 V	142.5 W/kg
Saft 45E Fe Super-Phosphate Lithium iron phosphate battery^[49]	3.3 V	25 °C	581 kJ/kg C to 2.5 V	161 W/kg
			560 kJ/kg 1.14 C to 2.0 V	183 W/kg
			0.73 kJ/kg 2.27 C to 1.5 V	367 W/kg
Energizer CH35 C 1.8Ah Nickel–cadmium battery^[50]	1.2 V	21 °C	152 kJ/kg C/10 to 1 V	4 W/kg C/10
Energizer CH35 C 1.8Ah Nickel–cadmium battery^[50]	1.2 V	21 °C	147.1 kJ/kg 5C to 1 V	200 W/kg 5 C
Firefly Energy Oasis FF12D1-G31 6-cell 105Ah VRLA battery^[51]	12 V	25 °C	142 kJ/kg C/10 to 7.2 V	4 W/kg C/10
		-1 8 °C	7 kJ/kg CCA to 7.2V	234 W/kg CCA (625A)
		0 °C	9 kJ/kg CA to 7.2 V	300 W/kg CA (800 A)
Panasonic CGA103450A 1.95Ah LiCoO₂ Lithium-ion battery^[52]	3.7 V	20 °C	666 kJ/kg C/5.3 to 2.75 V	35 W/kg C/5.3
		0 °C	633 kJ/kg C/1 to 2.75 V	176 W/kg C/1
		20 °C	655 kJ/kg C/1 to 2.75 V	182 W/kg C/1
		20 °C	641 kJ/kg 2C to 2.75 V	356 W/kg 2C
Electric Fuel Battery Corp. UUV 120Ah Zinc–air fuel cell^[53]			630 kJ/kg	500 W/kg C/1
Sion Power 2.5Ah Li–S Lithium-ion battery^[54]	2.15 V	25 °C	1260 kJ/kg	70 W/kg C/5
Sion Power 2.5Ah Li–S Lithium-ion battery^[54]	2.15 V	25 °C	1209 kJ/kg	672 W/kg 2C
Maxell / Yuasa / AIST Nickel–metal hydride lab prototype^[55]		45 °C		980 W/kg
Toshiba SCiB cell 4.2Ah Li₂TiO₃ Lithium-ion battery^[56]^[57]	2.4 V	25 °C	242 kJ/kg	67.2 W/kg C/1
	2.4 V	25 °C	218 kJ/kg	4000 W/kg 12C
Ionix Power Systems LiMn₂O₄ Lithium-ion battery lab model^[58]		lab	270 kJ/kg	1700 W/kg
		lab	29 kJ/kg	4900 W/kg
A123 Systems 26650 Cell 2.3Ah LiFePO₄ Lithium ion battery^[59]^[60]	3.3 V	-20 °C	347 kJ/kg C/1 to 2V	108 W/kg C/1
		0 °C	371 kJ/kg C/1 to 2 V	108 W/kg C/1
		25 °C	390 kJ/kg C/1 to 2 V	108 W/kg C/1
		25 °C	390 kJ/kg 27C to 2 V	3300 W/kg 27C
		25 °C	57 kJ/kg 32C to 2 V	5657 W/kg 32C
Saft VL 6Ah Lithium-ion battery^[61]	3.65 V	-20 °C	154 kJ/kg 30C to 2.5 V	41.4 W/kg 30C (180 A)
		-20 °C	182 kJ/kg 1C to 2.5 V	67.4 W/kg 1C
		25 °C	232 kJ/kg 1C to 2.5 V	64.4 W/kg 1C
			233 kJ/kg 58.3C to 2.5 V	3757 W/kg 58.3C (350A)
			34 kJ/kg 267C to 2.5 V	17176 W/kg 267C (1.6kA)
			4.29 kJ/kg 333C to 2.5 V	21370 W/kg 333C (2kA)

Electrostatic, electrolytic and electrochemical capacitors

Capacitors store electric charge onto two electrodes separated by an electric field semi-insulating (dielectric) medium. Electrostatic capacitors feature planar electrodes onto which electric charge accumulates. Electrolytic capacitors use a liquid electrolyte as one of the electrodes and the electric double layer effect upon the surface of the dielectric-electrolyte boundary to increase the amount of charge stored per unit volume. Electric double-layer capacitors extend both electrodes with a nanopourous material such as activated carbon to significantly increase the surface area upon which electric charge can accumulate, reducing the dielectric medium to nanopores and a very thin high permittivity separator.

While capacitors tend not to be as temperature sensitive as batteries, they are significantly capacity constrained and without the strength of chemical bonds suffer from self-discharge. Power-to-weight ratio of capacitors is usually higher than batteries because charge transport units within the cell are smaller (electrons rather than ions), however energy-to-weight ratio is conversely usually lower.

Capacitor type	Capacity	Volts	Temp.	Energy-to-weight ratio	Power-to-weight ratio
ACT Premlis Lithium ion capacitor^[62]	2000 F	4.0 V	25 °C	54 kJ/kg to 2.0 V	44.4 W/kg @ 5 A
ACT Premlis Lithium ion capacitor^[62]	2000 F	4.0 V	25 °C	31 kJ/kg to 2.0 V	850 W/kg @ 10 A
Nesccap Electric double-layer capacitor^[63]	5000 F	2.7 V	25 °C	19.58 kJ/kg to 1.35 V	5.44 W/kg C/1 (1.875 A)
Nesccap Electric double-layer capacitor^[63]	5000 F	2.7 V	25 °C	5.2 kJ/kg to 1.35 V	5,200 W/kg^[64] @ 2,547A
EEStor EESU barium titanate supercapacitor^[65]	30.693 F	3500 V	85 °C	1471.98 kJ/kg	80.35 W/kg C/5
EEStor EESU barium titanate supercapacitor^[65]	30.693 F	3500 V	85 °C	1471.98 kJ/kg	8,035 W∕kg 20 C
General Atomics 3330CMX2205 High Voltage Capacitor^[66]	20.5 mF	3300 V	? °C	2.3 kJ/kg	6.8 MW/kg @ 100 kA

Fuel cell stacks and flow cell batteries

Fuel cells and flow cells, although perhaps using similar chemistry to batteries, have the distinction of not containing the energy storage medium or fuel. With a continuous flow of fuel and oxidant, available fuel cells and flow cells continue to convert the energy storage medium into electric energy and waste products. Fuel cells distinctly contain a fixed electrolyte whereas flow cells also require a continuous flow of electrolyte. Flow cells typically have the fuel dissolved in the electrolyte.

Fuel cell type	Dry weight	Power-to-weight ratio	Example Use
Redflow Power+BOS ZB600 10kWh ZBB^[67]	900 kg	5.6 W/kg (9.3 W/kg peak)	Rural Grid support
Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen MG 2.0 CHP SOFC^[68]	200 kg	10 W/kg
Ceramic Fuel Cells BlueGen MG 2.0 CHP SOFC^[68]	200 kg	15 W/kg CHP
MTU Friedrichshafen 240 kW MCFC HotModule 2006	20 t	12 W/kg
Smart Fuel Cell Jenny 600S 25W DMFC^[69]	1.7 kg	14.7 W/kg	Portable military electronics
UTC Power PureCell 400 kW PAFC^[70]	27,216 kg	14.7 W/kg
GEFC 50V50A-VRB Vanadium redox battery^[71]	80 kg	31.3 W/kg (125 W/kg peak)
Ballard Power Systems Xcellsis HY-205 205 kW PEMFC^[72]	2,170 kg	94.5 W/kg	Mercedes-Benz Citaro O530BZ Template:Cref2
UTC Power/NASA 12 kW AFC^[73]	122 kg	98 W/kg	Space Shuttle orbiter Template:Cref2
Ballard Power Systems FCgen-1030 1.2 kW CHP PEMFC^[74]	12 kg	100 W/kg	Residential cogeneration
Ballard Power Systems FCvelocity-HD6 150 kW PEMFC^[74]	400 kg	375 W/kg	Bus and heavy duty
Honda 2003 43 kW FC Stack PEMFC^[75]Template:Cref2	43 kg	1000 W/kg	Honda FCX Clarity Template:Cref2
Lynntech, Inc. PEMFC lab prototype^[76]	347 g	1,500 W/kg

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Photovoltaics

Photovoltaic Panel type	Power-to-weight ratio
Thyssen Solartec 128W Nanocrystalline Si Triplejunction PV module^[77]	6 W/kg
Suntech/UNSW HiPerforma PLUTO220-Udm 220W Ga-F22 Polycrystalline Si PV module^[78]	13.1 W/kg STP
	9.64 W/kg nominal
Global Solar PN16015A 62W CIGS polycrystalline thin film PV module^[79]	40 W/kg
Able (AEC) PUMA 6 kW GaInP2/GaAs/Ge-on-Ge Triplejunction PV array^[80]	65 W/kg
Current spacecraft grade	~77 W/kg^[81]
ITO/InP on Kapton foil	2000 W/kg^[82]

Vehicles

Power-to-weight ratios for vehicles are usually calculated using Curb weight (for cars) or wet weight (for motorcycles) – in other words, excluding weight of the driver and any cargo. This could be slightly misleading, especially with regard to motorcycles, where the driver might weigh 1/3 to 1/2 as much as the vehicle itself. In the sport of competitive cycling athlete's performance is increasingly being expressed in VAMs and thus as a power-to-weight ratio in W/kg. This can be measured through the use of a bicycle powermeter or calculated from measuring incline of a road climb and the rider's time to ascend it.^[83]

Utility and practical vehicles

Most vehicles are designed to meet passenger comfort and cargo carrying requirements. Different designs trade off power-to-weight ratio to increase comfort, cargo space, fuel economy, emissions control, energy security and endurance. Reduced drag and lower rolling resistance in a vehicle design can facilitate increased cargo space without increase in the (zero cargo) power-to-weight ratio. This increases the role flexibility of the vehicle. Energy security considerations can trade off power (typically decreased) and weight (typically increased), and therefore power-to-weight ratio, for fuel flexibility or drive-train hybridisation. Some utility and practical vehicle variants such as hot hatches and sports-utility vehicles reconfigure power (typically increased) and weight to provide the perception of sports car like performance or for other psychological benefit. Rail locomotives require high mass to maintain adhesive traction on the rails, therefore improving the power-to-weight ratio by reducing mass is not necessarily beneficial. However choice of rail locomotive traction system (i.e. AC VFD over DC) can support improved power-to-weight ratio by reducing mass for the same adhesion.

Notable low ratio, (listed as weight to power)

Vehicle	Power	Weight	Weight to Power ratio
Benz Patent Motorwagen 954 cc 1886^[84]	560 W / 0.75 bhp	265 kg / 584 lb	2.1 W/kg / 779 lb/hp
Stephenson's Rocket 0-2-2 steam locomotive with tender 1829^[85]	15 kW / 20 bhp	4,320 kg / 9524 lb	3.5 W/kg / 476 lb/hp
CBQ Zephyr streamliner diesel locomotive with railcars 1934^[86]	492 kW / 660 bhp	94 t / 208,000 lb	5.21 W/kg / 315 lb/hp
Alberto Contador's Verbier climb 2009 Tour de France on Specialized bike^[83]	420 W / 0.56 bhp	62 kg / 137 lb	6.7 W/kg / 245 lb/hp
Force Motors Minidor Diesel 499 cc auto rickshaw^[87]^[88]	6.6 kW / 8.8 bhp	700 kg / 1543 lb	9 W/kg / 175 lb/hp
PRR Q2 4-4-6-4 steam locomotive with tender 1944	5,956 kW / 7,987 bhp	475.9 t / 1,049,100 lb	12.5 W/kg / 131 lb/hp
Mercedes-Benz Citaro O530BZ H₂ fuel cell bus 2002^[89]	205 kW / 275 bhp	14,500 kg / 32,000 lb	14.1 W/kg / 116 lb/hp
TGV BR Class 373 high-speed Eurostar Trainset 1993	12,240 kW / 16,414 bhp	816 t / 1,798,972 lb	15 W/kg / 110 lb/hp
General Dynamics M1 Abrams Main battle tank 1980^[90]	1,119 kW / 1500 bhp	55.7 t / 122,800 lb	20.1 W/kg / 81.9 lb/hp
BR Class 43 high-speed diesel electric locomotive 1975	1,678 kW / 2,250 bhp	70.25 t / 154,875 lb	23.9 W/kg / 69 lb/hp
GE AC6000CW diesel electric locomotive 1996	4,660 kW / 6,250 bhp	192 t / 423,000 lb	24.3 W/kg / 68 lb/hp
BR Class 55 Napier Deltic diesel electric locomotive 1961	2,460 kW / 3,300 bhp	101 t / 222,667 lb	24.4 W/kg / 68 lb/hp
International CXT 2004^[91]	164 kW / 220 bhp	6,577 kg / 14500 lb	25 W/kg / 66 lb/hp
Ford Model T 2.9 L flex-fuel 1908	15 kW / 20 bhp	540 kg / 1,200 lb	28 W/kg / 60 lb/hp
TH!NK City 2008^[92]	30 kW / 40 bhp	1038 kg / 2,288 lb	28.9 W/kg / 56.9 lb/hp
Messerschmitt KR200 Kabinenroller 191 cc 1955	6 kW / 8.2 bhp	230 kg / 506 lb	30 W/kg / 50 lb/hp
Wright Flyer 1903	9 kW / 12 bhp	274 kg / 605 lb	33 W/kg / 50 lb/hp
Tata Nano 624 cc 2008	26 kW / 35 bhp	635 kg / 1,400 lb	41.0 W/kg / 40 lb/hp
Bombardier JetTrain high-speed gas turbine-electric locomotive 2000^[93]	3,750 kW / 5,029 bhp	90,750 kg / 200,000 lb	41.2 W/kg / 39.8 lb/hp
Suzuki MightyBoy 543 cc 1988	23 kW / 31 bhp	550 kg / 1,213 lb	42 W/kg / 39 lb/hp
Mitsubishi i MiEV 2009^[94]	47 kW / 63 bhp	1,080 kg / 2,381 lb	43.5 W/kg / 37.8 lb/hp
Holden FJ 2,160 cc 1953^[95]	44.7 kW / 60 bhp	1,021 kg / 2,250 lb	43.8 W/kg / 37.5 lb/hp
Chevrolet Kodiak/GMC Topkick LYE 6.6 L 2005^[1]^[96]	246 kW / 330 bhp	5126 kg / 11,300 lb	48 W/kg / 34.2 lb/hp
DOE/NASA/0032-28 Chevrolet Celebrity 502 cc ASE Mod II 1985^[5]	62.3 kW / 83.5 bhp	1,297 kg / 2,860 lb	48.0 W/kg / 34.3 lb/hp
Suzuki Alto 796 cc 2000	35 kW / 46 bhp	720 kg / 1,587 lb	49 W/kg / 35 lb/hp
Land Rover Defender 2.4 L 1990^[97]	90 kW / 121 bhp	1,837 kg / 4,050 lb	49 W/kg / 33 lb/hp

Common power, (Listed as weight to power)

Vehicle	Power	Weight	Weight-to-Power ratio
Toyota Prius 1.8 L 2010 (petrol only)^[98]	73 kW / 98 bhp	1,380 kg / 3,042 lb	53 W/kg / 31 lb/hp
Bajaj Platina Naked 100 cc 2006^[99]	6 kW / 8 bhp	113 kg / 249 lb	53 W/kg / 31 lb/hp
Subaru R2 type S 2003^[100]	47 kW / 63 bhp	830 kg / 1,830 lb	57 W/kg / 29 lb/hp
Ford Fiesta ECOnetic 1.6 L TDCi 5dr 2009^[101]	66 kW / 89 bhp	1,155 kg / 2,546 lb	57 W/kg / 29 lb/hp
Volvo C30 1.6D DRIVe S/S 3dr Hatch 2010^[102]	80 kW / 108 bhp	1,347 kg / 2,970 lb	59.4 W/kg / 27.5 lb/hp
Ford Focus ECOnetic 1.6 L TDCi 5dr Hatch 2009^[103]	81 kW / 108 bhp	1,357 kg / 2,992 lb	59.7 W/kg / 27 lb/hp
Ford Focus 1.8 L Zetec S TDCi 5dr Hatch 2009^[104]	84 kW / 113 bhp	1,370 kg / 3,020 lb	61 W/kg / 27 lb/hp
Honda FCX Clarity 4 kg Hydrogen 2008^[105]	100 kW / 134 bhp	1,600 kg / 3,528 lb	63 W/kg / 26 lb/hp
Hummer H1 6.6 L V8 2006^[106]	224 kW / 300 bhp	3,559 kg / 7,847 lb	63 W/kg / 26 lb/hp
Audi A2 1.4 L TDI 90 type S 2003^[107]	66 kW / 89 bhp	1,030 kg / 2,270 lb	64 W/kg / 25 lb/hp
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden/Chevrolet Astra 1.7 L CTDi 125 2010^[108]	92 kW / 123 bhp	1,393 kg / 3,071 lb	66 W∕kg / 24.9 lb∕hp
Mini (new) Cooper 1.6D 2007^[109]	81 kW / 108 bhp	1,185 kg / 2,612 lb	68 W/kg / 24 lb/hp
Toyota Prius 1.8 L 2010 (electric boost)^[98]	100 kW / 134 bhp	1,380 kg / 3,042 lb	72 W/kg / 23 lb/hp
Ford Focus 2.0 L Zetec S TDCi 5dr Hatch 2009^[110]	100 kW / 134 bhp	1,370 kg / 3,020 lb	73 W/kg / 23 lb/hp
General Motors EV1 electric car Gen II 1998^[111]	102.2 kW / 137 bhp	1,400 kg / 3,086 lb	73 W/kg / 23 lb/hp
Toyota Venza I4 2.7 L FWD 2009^[112]	136 kW / 182 bhp	1,706 kg / 3,760 lb	80 W/kg / 20.7 lb/hp
Ford Focus 2.0 L Zetec S 5dr Hatch 2009^[113]	107 kW / 143 bhp	1,327 kg / 2,926 lb	81 W/kg / 20 lb/hp
Fiat Grande Punto 1.6 L Multijet 120 2005^[114]	88 kW / 118 bhp	1,075 kg / 2,370 lb	82 W/kg / 20 lb/hp
Mini (classic) 1275GT 1969	57 kW / 76 bhp	686 kg / 1,512 lb	83 W/kg / 20 lb/hp
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden/Chevrolet Astra 2.0 L CTDi 160 2010^[115]	118 kW / 158 bhp	1,393 kg / 3,071 lb	85 W∕kg / 19.4 lb∕hp
Ford Focus 2.0 auto 2007^[116]	104.4 kW / 140 bhp	1,198 kg / 2,641 lb	87.1 W/kg / 19 lb/hp
Subaru Legacy/Liberty 2.0R 2005^[117]	121 kW / 162 bhp	1,370 kg / 3,020 lb	88 W/kg / 19 lb/hp
Subaru Outback 2.5i 2008^[118]	130.5 kW / 175 bhp	1,430 kg / 3,153 lb	91 W/kg / 18 lb/hp
Smart Fortwo 1.0 L Brabus 2009^[119]	72 kW / 97 bhp	780 kg / 1,720 lb	92 W/kg / 18 lb/hp
Toyota Venza V6 3.5 L AWD 2009^[112]	200 kW / 268 bhp	1,835 kg / 4,045 lb	109 W/kg / 15 lb/hp
Toyota Venza I4 2.7 L FWD 2009^[112] with Lotus mass reduction^[120]	136 kW / 182 bhp	1,210 kg / 2,667 lb	112.2 W/kg / 14.7 lb/hp
Toyota Hilux V6 DOHC 4 L 4×2 Single Cab Pickup ute 2009^[121]	175 kW / 235 bhp	1,555 kg / 3,428 lb	112.5 W/kg / 14.6 lb/hp
Toyota Venza V6 3.5 L FWD 2009^[112]	200 kW / 268 bhp	1,755 kg / 3,870 lb	114 W/kg / 14.4 lb/hp

Performance luxury, roadsters and mild sports, (Listed as weight to power)

Increased engine performance is a consideration, but also other features associated with luxury vehicles. Longitudinal engines are common. Bodies vary from hot hatches, sedans (saloons), coupés, convertibles and roadsters. Mid-range dual-sport and cruiser motorcycles tend to have similar power-to-weight ratios.

Vehicle	Power	Weight	Weight-to-power ratio
Honda Accord sedan V6 2011	202 kW / 271 bhp	1630 kg / 3593 lb	124 W/kg / 13.26 lb/hp
Mini (new) Cooper 1.6T S JCW 2008^[122]	155 kW / 208 bhp	1205 kg / 2657 lb	129 W/kg / 13 lb/hp
Mazda RX-8 1.3 L Wankel 2003	173 kW / 232 bhp	1309 kg / 2888 lb	141 W/kg / 12 lb/hp
Holden Statesman/Caprice / Buick Park Avenue / Daewoo Veritas 6 L V8 2007^[123]	270 kW / 362 bhp	1891 kg / 4170 lb	143 W/kg / 12 lb/hp
Kawasaki KLR650 Gasoline DualSport 650 cc	26 kW / 35 bhp	182 kg / 401 lb	143 W/kg / 11 lb/hp
NATO HTC M1030M1 Diesel/Jet fuel DualSport 670 cc^[124]	26 kW / 35 bhp	182 kg / 401 lb	143 W/kg / 11 lb/hp
Harley-Davidson FLSTF Softail Fat Boy Cruiser 1,584 cc 2009^[125]	47 kW / 63 bhp	324 kg / 714 lb	145 W/kg / 11.3 lb/hp
BMW 7 Series 760Li 6 L V12 2006^[126]	327 kW / 439 bhp	2250 kg / 4960 lb	145 W/kg / 11 lb/hp
Subaru Impreza WRX STi 2.0 L 2008^[127]	227 kW / 304 bhp	1530 kg / 3373 lb	148 W/kg / 11 lb/hp
Honda S2000 roadster 1999Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.	183.88 kW / 240 bhp	1250 kg / 2723 lb	150 W/kg / 11 lb/hp
GMH HSV Clubsport / GMV VXR8 / GMC CSV CR8 / Pontiac G8 6 L V8 2006^[128]	317 kW / 425 bhp	1831 kg / 4037 lb	173 W/kg / 9.5 lb/hp
Tesla Roadster 2011^[129]	215 kW / 288 bhp	1235 kg / 2723 lb	174 W/kg / 9.5 lb/hp

Sports vehicles and aircraft, (Listed as weight to power)

Power-to-weight ratio is an important vehicle characteristic that affects the acceleration and handling - and therefore the driving enjoyment - of any sports vehicle. Aircraft also depend on high power-to-weight ratio to achieve sufficient lift.

Vehicle	Power	Weight	Weight-to-power ratio
Lotus Elise SC 2008	163 kW / 218 bhp	910 kg / 2006 lb	179 W/kg / 9 lb/hp
Ferrari Testarossa 1984	291 kW / 390 bhp	1506 kg / 3320 lb	193 W/kg / 9 lb/hp
Artega GT^[130]	220 kW / 300 bhp	1100 kg / 2425 lb	200 W/kg / 8 lb/hp
Lotus Exige GT3 2006^[131]	202.1 kW / 271 bhp	980 kg / 2160 lb	206 W/kg / 8 lb/hp
Chevrolet Corvette C6^[132]	321 kW / 430 bhp	1441 kg / 3177 lb	223 W/kg / 7 lb/hp
Suzuki V-Strom 650 V-twin DualSport 650 cc	50 kW / 67 bhp	194 kg / 427 lb	258 W/kg / 6.4 lb/hp
Chevrolet Corvette C6 Z06^[132]	376 kW / 505 bhp	1421 kg / 3133 lb	265 W/kg / 6.2 lb/hp
Porsche 911 GT2 2007	390 kW / 523 bhp	1440 kg / 3200 lb	271 W/kg / 6.1 lb/hp
Lamborghini Murciélago LP 670-4 SV 2009^[133]	493 kW / 661 bhp	1550 kg / 3417 lb	318 W/kg / 5.1 lb/hp
McLaren F1 GT 1997^[134]	467.6 kW / 627 bhp	1220 kg / 2690 lb	403 W/kg / 4.3 lb/hp
Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 turboprop airliner^[135]	7,562 kW / 10,142 bhp	17,185 kg / 37,888 lb	440 W/kg / 3.7 lb/hp
Supermarine Spitfire Fighter aircraft 1936	1,096 kW / 1,470 bhp	2,309 kg / 5,090 lb	475 W/kg / 3.46 lb/hp
Messerschmitt Bf 109 Fighter aircraft 1935	1,085 kW / 1,455 bhp	2,247 kg / 4,954 lb	483 W/kg / 3.40 lb/hp
Thunderbolt Land speed record car	3504 kW / 4700 bhp	7 t / 15432 lb	500 W/kg / 3.28 lb/hp
Ferrari FXX 2005	597 kW / 801 bhp	1155 kg / 2546 lb	517 W/kg / 3.2 lb/hp
Polaris Industries Assault Snowmobile 2009^[136]	115 kW / 154 bhp	221 kg / 487 lb	523 W/kg / 3.16 lb/hp
Ultima GTR 720 2006^[137]	536.9 kW / 720 bhp	920 kg / 2183 lb	583 W/kg / 3 lb/hp
Honda CBR1000RR 2009	133 kW / 178 bhp	199 kg / 439 lb	668 W/kg / 2.5 lb/hp
Ariel Atom 500 V8 2011	372 kW / 500 bhp	550 kg / 1212 lb	676.3 W/kg / 2.45 lb/hp
Peugeot 208 T16 Pikes Peak 2013	652 kW / 875 bhp	875 kg / 1930 lb	745 W/kg / 2.2 lb/hp
KillaCycle Drag racing electric motorcycle	260 kW / 350 bhp	281 kg / 619 lb	925 W/kg / 1.77 lb/hp
MTT Turbine Superbike 2008^[138]	213.3 kW / 286 bhp	227 kg / 500 lb	940 W/kg / 1.75 lb/hp
Vyrus 987 C3 4V V supercharged motorcycle 2010^[139]	157.3 kW / 211 bhp	158 kg / 348.3 lb	996 W/kg / 1.65 lb/hp
BMW Williams FW27 Formula One 2005^[140]	690 kW / 925 bhp	600 kg / 1323 lb	1150 W/kg / 1.43 lb/hp
Honda RC211V MotoGP 2004-6	176.73 kW / 237 bhp	148 kg / 326 lb	1194 W/kg / 1.37 lb/hp
Boeing 747-300^[10] at Mach 0.84 cruise, 35,000 ft altitudeTemplate:Disputed-inline	245 MW / 328,656 bhp	178.1 t / 392,800 lb	1376 W/kg / 1.20 lb/hp
John Force Racing Funny Car NHRA Drag Racing 2008^[141]	5,963.60 kW / 8,000 bhp	1043 kg / 2,300 lb	5717 W/kg / 0.30 lb/hp

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

External links

Measurespeed.com - Power to Weight Ratio Calculator

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↑ Template:Fr Jean-Claude Thevenin, Le turboréacteur, moteur des avions à réaction, AAAF, June 2004 (3^rd edition).
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↑ 55 years old Systems Administrator Antony from Clarence Creek, really loves learning, PC Software and aerobics. Likes to travel and was inspired after making a journey to Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace.

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↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
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↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
↑ Template:Cite web
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↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
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↑ 55 years old Systems Administrator Antony from Clarence Creek, really loves learning, PC Software and aerobics. Likes to travel and was inspired after making a journey to Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace.

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↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
↑ Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010 Template:Dead link
↑ Template:Cite web
↑ One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
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↑ Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010
↑ Template:Cite web
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[14] Template:Fr Jean-Claude Thevenin, Le turboréacteur, moteur des avions à réaction, AAAF, June 2004 (3^rd edition).

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[19] 55 years old Systems Administrator Antony from Clarence Creek, really loves learning, PC Software and aerobics. Likes to travel and was inspired after making a journey to Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace.

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[35] One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang

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[45] One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang

[46] One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang

[47] Template:Cite web

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[55] One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang

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[86] One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang

[87] Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010 Template:Dead link

[88] Template:Cite web

[89] One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting

In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang

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[124] Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.

Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.

In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.

Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region

Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.

15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.

To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010

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Western text-type: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 11:30, 12 December 2013

Contents

Power-to-weight (specific power)

Physical interpretation

Propulsive power

Engine power

Examples

Engines

Heat engines and heat pumps

Electric motors/Electromotive generators

Fluid engines and fluid pumps

Thermoelectric generators and electrothermal actuators

Electrochemical (galvanic) and electrostatic cell systems

(Closed cell) batteries

Electrostatic, electrolytic and electrochemical capacitors

Fuel cell stacks and flow cell batteries

Photovoltaics

Vehicles

Utility and practical vehicles

Notable low ratio, (listed as weight to power)

Common power, (Listed as weight to power)

Performance luxury, roadsters and mild sports, (Listed as weight to power)

Sports vehicles and aircraft, (Listed as weight to power)

See also

References

External links

Navigation menu

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-calories burned walking calculators calculate a person's BMI based about a simple equation of BMI = (pounds x 703)/(height inches squared). As reported above, this equation was designed by Adolf Quetelet in the 1800s, however it still holds true inside today's health community.<br><br><br><br>It has been said several occasions that among the right factors to do if you need to get rid of weight is to get rid of the scale. Why is that the scale will frequently provide you misleading results as to how effectively your diet is going. You do however require a method to track the progress, this might be why most specialists today suggest that we employ a body mass index calculator.<br><br>Use a [http://safedietplans.com/calories-burned-walking calories burned while walking] to see when you're truly plump or not. A calories burned walking calculator may tell we based about a stature plus credence in the event you need to lose credence plus if thus how countless pounds to get rid of. This is the safest method to figure out your credence reduction targets. The cadaver is able to lose credence, as you'd anticipate without any vogue diets of credence reduction pills. All it requires is the correct quantity of hale and hearty food along with a wise exercise schedule. Keeping yourself ravenous makes the cadaver work against we.<br><br>Free traffic exchanges are a ideal method to receive many visitors to a site still, thus spending an hour a day surfing, is not a lot to ask when you're generating sales from your efforts. And isn't this why the in this company to start with? Free traffic exchanges are a amazing advertising tool for a various factors. The ideal reason is that we receive many people looking, plus hopefully clicking about your website or marketing pages.<br><br>A healthy diet states to get rid of weight slowly with diet plus proper exercise. While this might be the ultimate, this might be not attractive to persons whom wish To lose fat fast. Are there diets that are healthy and also give we quick results?<br><br>Be which because it can, it's still the easiest technique of determining whether an individual is underweight, obese or obese- conditions which necessitate a see to one's healthcare provider to determine what changes is prepared in terms of lifestyle plus nutritional practices.<br><br>The formula that has been utilized to compute for a person's body mass index is universal. It may and ought to be used about anybody regardless of their age or gender. This really is the reason why it happens to be fair to believe which there is not a such thing as a special type of calculator for this type of computation. If someone is striving to sell we these types of calculators, you really need to state no for them instantly since they are undoubtedly striving to scam you into shelling out several cash.
+'''Power-to-weight ratio''' (or '''specific power''' or '''power-to-mass ratio''') is a calculation commonly applied to [[engine]]s and mobile power sources to enable the comparison of one unit or design to another. Power-to-weight ratio is a measurement of actual performance of any engine or power source. It is also used as a measurement of performance of a [[vehicle]] as a whole, with the engine's [[Power (physics)|power]] output being divided by the weight (or [[mass]]) of the vehicle, to give a metric that is independent of the vehicle's size. Power-to-weight is often quoted by manufacturers at the peak value, but the actual value may vary in use and variations will affect performance.
+The inverse of power-to-weight, weight-to-power ratio (power loading) is a calculation commonly applied to aircraft, cars, and vehicles in general, to enable the comparison of one vehicle's performance to another. Power-to-weight ratio is equal to thrust per unit mass multiplied by the velocity of any vehicle.
+==Power-to-weight (specific power)==
+The power-to-weight ratio (Specific Power) formula for an engine (power plant) is the [[power (physics)|power]] generated by the engine divided by the mass. ("Weight" in this context is a colloquial term for "mass". To see this, note that what an engineer means by the "power to weight ratio" of an electric motor is not infinite in a zero gravity environment.)
+A typical turbocharged V8 diesel engine might have an engine power of {{convert|330|hp|kW}} and a mass of {{convert|835|lb|kg}},<ref name="gmduramax">{{cite web|url=http://eogld.ecomm.gm.com/images/mediumduty/techspecs/engine.pdf|title=General Motors 2009 Data Book|date=September 5, 2008}}</ref> giving it a power-to-weight ratio of 0.65&nbsp;kW/kg&nbsp;(0.40&nbsp;hp/lb).
+Examples of high power-to-weight ratios can often be found in turbines. This is because of their ability to operate at very high speeds. For example, the [[Space Shuttle]]'s main engines used [[turbopump]]s (machines consisting of a pump driven by a turbine engine) to feed the propellants (liquid oxygen and [[liquid hydrogen]]) into the engine's combustion chamber. The original liquid hydrogen turbopump is similar in size to an automobile engine (weighing approximately {{convert|775|lb|kg}}) and produces 72,000 [[horsepower|hp]] (53.6 [[megawatt|MW]])<ref name="ssmetpb1">{{cite web|url=http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20090004620_2008048278.pdf|publisher=[[NASA]]|title=Lessons in Systems Engineering - The SSME Weight Growth History|first=Richard|last=Ryan}}</ref> for a power-to-weight ratio of 153&nbsp;kW/kg&nbsp;(93&nbsp;hp/lb).
+===Physical interpretation===
+In [[classical mechanics]], instantaneous [[Power (physics)|power]] is the limiting value of the average work done per unit time as the time interval Δ''t'' approaches zero.
+:<math>
+P = \lim _{\Delta t\rightarrow 0} \tfrac{\Delta W(t)}{\Delta t} = \lim _{\Delta t\rightarrow 0} P_\mathrm{avg}\,
+</math>
+The typically used metrical unit of the power-to-weight ratio is <math>\tfrac{W}{kg}\;</math> which equals <math>\tfrac{m^2}{s^3}\;</math>. This fact allows one to express the power-to-weight ratio purely by [[SI base unit]]s.
+====Propulsive power====
+If the work to be done is [[wikt:rectilinear|rectilinear]] motion of a body with constant [[mass]] <math>m\;</math>, whose [[center of mass]] is to be accelerated along a [[Euclidean vector|straight line]] to a speed <math>|\mathbf{v}(t)|\;</math> and angle <math>\phi\;</math> with respect to the centre and [[Spherical coordinate system|radial]] of a [[gravitational field]] by an onboard [[powertrain|powerplant]], then the associated [[kinetic energy]] to be delivered to the body is equal to
+:<math> E_K =\tfrac{1}{2} m|\mathbf{v}(t)|^2 </math>
+where:
+:<math>m\;</math> is mass of the body
+:<math>|\mathbf{v}(t)|\;</math> is speed of the [[center of mass]] of the body, changing with time.
+The instantaneous mechanical pushing/pulling power delivered to the body from the powerplant is then
+:<math> P_K =\tfrac{1}{2} m 2|\mathbf{v}(t)| \lim _{\Delta t\rightarrow 0} \tfrac{\Delta |\mathbf{v}(t)|}{\Delta t} =  m \mathbf{a}(t) \cdot \mathbf{v}(t) = \mathbf{F}(t) \cdot \mathbf{v}(t) = \mathbf{\tau}(t) \cdot \mathbf{\omega}(t) </math>
+where:
+:<math>\mathbf{a}(t)\;</math> is acceleration of the [[center of mass]] of the body, changing with time.
+:<math>\mathbf{F}(t)\;</math> is linear force - or thrust - applied upon the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
+:<math>\mathbf{v}(t)\;</math> is [[velocity]] of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
+:<math>\mathbf{\tau}(t)\;</math> is [[torque]] applied upon the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
+:<math>\mathbf{\omega}(t)\;</math> is [[angular velocity]] of the center of mass of the body, changing with time.
+In propulsion, power is only delivered if the powerplant is in motion, and is transmitted to cause the body to be in motion. It is typically assumed here that mechanical transmission allows the powerplant to operate at peak output power. This assumption allows engine tuning to trade [[power band]] width and engine mass for transmission complexity and mass. [[Electric motor]]s do not suffer from this tradeoff, instead trading their high [[torque]] for [[Traction (engineering)|traction]] at low speed. The '''[[Mechanical advantage|power advantage]]''' or '''power-to-weight ratio''' is then
+:<math> \mbox{P-to-W} = \frac{|\mathbf{a}(t)||\mathbf{v}(t)|}{|\mathbf{g}|}\;</math>
+where:
+:<math>|\mathbf{v}(t)|\;</math> is linear speed of the [[center of mass]] of the body.
+====Engine power====
+The actual useful power of any traction engine can be calculated using a [[dynamometer]] to measure [[torque]] and [[rotational speed]], with peak power sustained when transmission and/or operator keeps the [[dot product|product]] of torque and rotational speed maximised. For jet engines there is often a cruise speed and power can be usefully calculated there, for rockets there is typically no cruise speed, so it is less meaningful.
+Peak power of a traction engine occurs at a rotational speed higher than the speed when torque is maximised and at or below the maximum rated rotational speed - Max RPM. A rapidly falling torque curve would correspond with sharp torque and power curve peaks around their maxima at similar rotational speed, for example a small, lightweight engine with a large turbocharger. A slowly falling or near flat torque curve would correspond with a slowly rising power curve up to a maximum at a rotational speed close to Max RPM, for example a large, heavy multi-cylinder engine suitable for cargo/hauling. A falling torque curve could correspond with a near flat power curve across rotational speeds for smooth handling at different vehicle speeds.
+==Examples==
+===Engines===
+====Heat engines and heat pumps====
+Thermal energy is made up from [[Sensible heat|molecular]] [[kinetic energy]] and [[Latent heat|latent]] [[Phase (matter)|phase]] energy. [[Heat engine]]s are able to convert thermal energy in the form of a temperature gradient between a hot source and a cold sink into other desirable [[Work (physics)|mechanical work]]. [[Heat pump]]s take [[Work (physics)|mechanical work]] to regenerate thermal energy in a temperature gradient. Care should be made when interpreting propulsive power, especially for jet engines and rockets, deliverable from heat engines to a vehicle.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! [[Heat Engine]]/[[Heat pump]] type
+! colspan=2 |Peak Power Output
+! colspan=2 |Power-to-weight ratio
+! Example Use
+|-
+| [[Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C|Wärtsilä RTA96-C]] [[Straight-14 engine|14-cylinder]] [[two-stroke]] [[turbocharger|Turbo]] [[Diesel engine]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.wartsila.com/,en,press,0,tradepressrelease,8F51527F-00A3-4C5F-ABEA-B543789ACA1B,26EE6684-06C9-48B3-920A-3B238B7C302A,,.htm|title=The world's most powerful Engine enters service|publisher=[[Wärtsilä]]|date=2006-09-12|accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref>
+| 80,080&nbsp;kW
+| 108,920&nbsp;hp
+| 0.03&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.02&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Emma Mærsk]] [[container ship]]
+|-
+| [[Suzuki]] 538&nbsp;cc [[V-twin engine|V2]] [[Four-stroke engine|4-stroke]] [[Gasoline|gas (petrol)]] [[Outboard motor|outboard]] [[Otto engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suzukimarine.com/sr_09/df25/features/|title=Suzuki Marine - DF25 - Features and Specifications|accessdate=January 12, 2010|publisher=[[Suzuki]]}}</ref>
+| 19&nbsp;kW
+| 25&nbsp;hp
+| 0.27&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.16&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Runabout (boat)|Runabout boats]]
+|-
+| [[United States Department of Energy|DOE]]/[[NASA]]/0032-28 Mod 2 502&nbsp;cc [[Gasoline|gas (petrol)]] [[Stirling engine]]<ref name="nasa_ase">{{cite web|url=http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19880002196_1988002196.pdf|title=Automotive Stirling Engine - Mod II Design Report|author=Noel P. Nightingale|publisher=[[NASA]] Lewis Research Center|accessdate=July 16, 2010|date=October 1986}}</ref>
+| 62.3&nbsp;kW
+| 83.5&nbsp;hp
+| 0.30&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.18&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Chevrolet Celebrity]]{{Cref2|•}} 1985
+|-
+| [[General Motors|GM]] 6.6&nbsp;L [[Duramax V8 engine#LMM|Duramax LMM (LYE option) V8]] [[Turbocharger|Turbo]] [[Diesel engine]]<ref name="gmduramax"/>
+| 246&nbsp;kW
+| 330&nbsp;hp
+| 0.65&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.40&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Chevrolet Kodiak]]{{Cref2|•}}, [[GMC Topkick]]{{Cref2|•}}
+|-
+| [[Junkers Jumo 205|Junkers Jumo 205A]] [[Opposed-piston engine|opposed-piston]] [[two-stroke]] [[Diesel engine]]<ref>Jane's 1989, p. 294.</ref>
+| 647&nbsp;kW
+| 867&nbsp;hp
+| 1.1&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.66&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Junkers Ju 86|Ju 86C-1 airliner]], [[Blohm & Voss Ha 139|B&V Ha 139 floatplane]]
+|-
+| [[GE Aviation|GE]] [[General Electric LM2500|LM2500+]] marine [[turboshaft]] [[Brayton cycle|Brayton]] [[gas turbine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geae.com/engines/marine/pdfs/datasheet_lm2500plus.pdf|title=LM2500+ Marine Gas Turbine|publisher=[[GE Aviation]]|accessdate=2010-01-25}}</ref>
+| 30,200&nbsp;kW
+| 40,500&nbsp;hp
+| 1.31&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.80&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Celebrity Millennium|GTS Millennium]] [[cruiseship]], [[RMS Queen Mary 2|QM2]] [[ocean liner]]
+|-
+| [[Mazda Wankel engine|Mazda 13B-MSP Renesis]] 1.3&nbsp;L [[Wankel engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/rotary/about/|title=Mazda - What Is A Rotary Engine?|accessdate=January 12, 2010|publisher=[[Mazda]]}}</ref>
+| 184&nbsp;kW
+| 247&nbsp;hp
+| 1.5&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.92&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Mazda RX-8]]{{Cref2|•}}
+|-
+|rowspan=3| [[Pratt & Whitney|PW]] [[Pratt & Whitney R-4360|R-4360]] 71.5&nbsp;L 28-[[Cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] [[supercharged]] [[Radial engine]]
+|rowspan=3| 3,210&nbsp;kW
+|rowspan=3| 4,300&nbsp;hp
+|rowspan=3| 1.83&nbsp;kW/kg
+|rowspan=3| 1.11&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[B-50 Superfortress]], [[Convair B-36]]
+|-
+| [[C-97 Stratofreighter]], [[C-119 Flying Boxcar]]
+|-
+| [[Hughes H-4 Hercules]] "Spruce Goose"
+|-
+|rowspan=2| [[Wright Aeronautical|Wright]] [[Wright R-3350|R-3350]] 54.57&nbsp;L 18-[[Cylinder (engine)|c]] [[supercharged|s/c]] [[Turbo-compound engine|Turbo-compound]] [[Radial engine]]
+|rowspan=2| 2,535&nbsp;kW
+|rowspan=2| 3,400&nbsp;hp
+|rowspan=2| 2.09&nbsp;kW/kg <!-- 1212 kg -->
+|rowspan=2| 1.27&nbsp;hp/lb <!-- 2670 lb -->
+| [[B-29 Superfortress]], [[Douglas DC-7]]
+|-
+| [[C-97 Stratofreighter|C-97 S/f]] prototype, [[C-119 Flying Boxcar|Kaiser-Frazer C-119F]]
+|-
+| [[O.S. Engines]] 49-PI Type II 4.97&nbsp;cc [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAV]] [[Wankel engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osengines.com/engines/osmg1401.html|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[O.S. Engines]]|title=UAV Wankel Engines}}</ref>
+| 0.934&nbsp;kW
+| 1.252&nbsp;hp
+| 2.8&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 1.7&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Model aircraft]], [[Radio-controlled aircraft]]
+|-
+| [[GE Aviation|GE]] [[General Electric LM6000|LM6000]] marine [[turboshaft]] [[Brayton cycle|Brayton]] [[gas turbine]]<ref name="gelm6000">{{cite web|url=http://www.geae.com/engines/marine/pdfs/datasheet_lm6000.pdf|title=LM6000 Marine Gas Turbine|publisher=[[GE Aviation]]|accessdate=2010-01-25}}</ref><ref name="gelm6000_cf680c2">{{cite web|url=http://www.geae.com/aboutgeae/presscenter/marine/marine_19950523c.html|publisher= [[GE Aviation]]|accessdate=2010-01-25|title=GE's LM6000 Demonstrates Outstanding Reliability And Availability In First Two Years Of Commercial Service}}</ref>{{Disputed-inline|Jet Engines|date=December 2011}}
+| rowspan=2| 44,700&nbsp;kW
+| rowspan=2| 59,900&nbsp;hp
+| rowspan=2| 5.67&nbsp;kW/kg
+| rowspan=2| 3.38&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Peaking power plant]]
+|-
+| [[GE Aviation|GE]] [[General Electric CF6#CF6-80C2|CF6-80C2]] [[Brayton cycle|Brayton]] [[High-bypass turbofan engine|high-bypass turbofan]] [[jet engine]]<ref name="gelm6000_cf680c2"/>
+| [[Boeing]] [[Boeing 747|747]]{{Cref2|•}}, [[Boeing 767|767]], [[Airbus A300]]
+|-
+| [[Bayerische Motoren Werke|BMW]] V10 3L P84/5 2005 [[Gasoline|gas (petrol)]] [[Otto engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allf1.info/engines/bmw.php|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=All Formula One Info|title=BMW engines}}</ref>
+| 690&nbsp;kW
+| 925&nbsp;hp
+| 7.5&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 4.6&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Williams FW27]] car{{Cref2|•}}, [[Formula One]] [[auto racing]]
+|-
+| [[General Electric GE90|GE90-115B]] [[Brayton cycle|Brayton]] [[turbofan]] [[jet engine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geae.com/engines/commercial/ge90/ge90-115b.html|title=Model GE90-115B|publisher=[[GE Aviation]]|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{fr}} Jean-Claude Thevenin, ''Le turboréacteur, moteur des avions à réaction'', [[Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France|AAAF]], June 2004 (3<sup>rd</sup> edition).</ref>{{Disputed-inline|Jet Engines|date=December 2011}}
+| 83,164&nbsp;kW
+| 111,526&nbsp;hp
+| 10.0&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 6.10&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Boeing 777]]
+|-
+| [[Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne|PWR]] [[Space Shuttle Main Engine|RS-24 (SSME)]] Block II [[Hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]] [[Brayton cycle|Brayton]] [[turbopump]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/pdf/174534main_ssme.pdf|publisher=[[NASA]]|title=NASA Fact Sheet: Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) Enhancements|date=March 2002|location=Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081026023550/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/pdf/174534main_ssme.pdf|archivedate=2008-10-26}}</ref><ref name="ssmetpb2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/llis/0750.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|title=High Performance Liquid Hydrogen Turbopumps|date=1999-02-01|accessdate=2010-01-08|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070823131906/http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oce/llis/0750.html|archivedate=2007-08-23}}</ref>
+| 63,384&nbsp;kW
+| 85,000&nbsp;hp
+| 138&nbsp;kW/kg <!-- 109 kg extra = 461&nbsp;kg -->
+| 84&nbsp;hp/lb <!-- 240 lb extra = 1015 lb -->
+| [[Space Shuttle]] ([[STS-110]] and later) {{Cref2|•}}
+|-
+| [[Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne|PWR]] [[Space Shuttle Main Engine|RS-24 (SSME)]] Block I [[Hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]] [[Brayton cycle|Brayton]] [[turbopump]]<ref name="ssmetpb1"/>
+| 53,690&nbsp;kW
+| 72,000&nbsp;hp
+| 153&nbsp;kW/kg <!-- 352 kg -->
+| 93&nbsp;hp/lb <!-- 775 lb -->
+| [[Space Shuttle]]
+|}
+{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc|colwidth=40em}}
+{{Cnote2|•|n=0|Full vehicle power-to-weight ratio shown [[Power-to-weight ratio#Vehicles|below]]}}
+{{Cnote2 End}}
+====Electric motors/Electromotive generators====
+An [[electric motor]] uses [[electrical energy]] to provide [[Work (physics)|mechanical work]], usually through the interaction of a [[magnetic fields|magnetic field]] and [[Electrical conductor|current-carrying conductors]]. By the interaction of mechanical work on an electrical conductor in a magnetic field, [[electrical energy]] can be [[Electric generator|generated]].
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! [[Electric motor]] type
+! colspan=2|Weight
+! colspan=2|Peak Power Output
+! colspan=2|Power-to-weight ratio
+! Example Use
+|-
+| [[Panasonic]] MSMA202S1G [[AC motor#Two-phase AC servo motors|AC]] [[servo motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://industrial.panasonic.com/ww/i_e/25000/fa_pro_acs_minas_a4_e/fa_pro_acs_minas_a4_e/a4_16.pdf|title=Panasonic MINAS-A4 AC Servo - Motor Specifications and Ratings 200V MSMA|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref>
+| 6.5&nbsp;kg
+| 14.3&nbsp;lb
+| 2&nbsp;kW
+| 2.7&nbsp;hp
+| 0.31&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.19&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Conveyor belt]]s, [[Robotics]]
+|-
+| [[Toshiba]] 660 MVA water cooled 23kV AC [[turbo generator]]
+| 1,342&nbsp;t
+| 2,959,000&nbsp;lb
+| 660&nbsp;MW
+| 885,000&nbsp;hp
+| 0.49&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.30&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Bayswater Power Station|Bayswater]], [[Eraring Power Station|Eraring]] [[Coal-fired power station|Coal]] [[Power station]]s
+|-
+| Canopy Tech. Cypress 32&nbsp;MW 15&nbsp;kV AC [[Permanent magnet|PM]] [[Electrical generator|generator]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canopytechnologies.com/uploads/Cypress%20Family-Data%20Sheet.pdf|title=Cypress HPL Series Permanent Magnet Motors - Product Brochure|publisher=Canopy Technologies, LLC|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref>
+| 33,557&nbsp;kg
+| 73,981&nbsp;lb
+| 32&nbsp;MW
+| 42,913&nbsp;hp
+| 0.95&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.58&nbsp;hp/lb
+| Electric [[Power station]]s
+|-
+| [[Toyota]] [[Brushless AC electric motor|Brushless AC]] [[Neodymium|Nd]] [[Iron|Fe]] [[Boron|B]] [[Permanent magnet|PM]] motor<ref>{{cite conference|url=http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-eps/metallurgy/research/Jewell.pdf | first = Geraint | last = Jewell | title=Permanent Magnet Machines and Actuators|booktitle=Symposium on Materials for a Sustainable Future|date=2009-09-11|accessdate=2010-05-14|pages=11–18|location=[[Birmingham]], England|publisher=Magnetic Materials Group, [[University of Birmingham]]}}</ref>
+| 36.3&nbsp;kg
+| 80.0&nbsp;lb
+| 50&nbsp;kW
+| 67&nbsp;hp
+| 1.37&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.84&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Toyota Prius]]{{Cref2|•}} 2004
+|-
+| Himax HC6332-250 [[Brushless DC electric motor|Brushless DC motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maxxprod.com/pdf/HC6320-250.pdf|title=Himax Brushless Outrunner Motor HC6332-250|accessdate=2010-01-28|publisher=Maxx Products International, Inc.}}</ref>
+| 0.45&nbsp;kg
+| 0.99&nbsp;lb
+| 1.7&nbsp;kW
+| 2.28&nbsp;hp
+| 3.78&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 2.30&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Radio controlled cars]]
+|-
+| [[Hi-Pa Drive]] HPD40 [[Brushless DC electric motor|Brushless DC]] [[wheel hub motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pmlflightlink.com/motors/hipa_drive.html|title=Hi-Pa Drive|accessdate=2010-03-02|publisher=[[PML Flightlink]]}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
+| 25&nbsp;kg
+| 55.1&nbsp;lb
+| 120&nbsp;kW
+| 161&nbsp;hp
+| 4.8&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 2.92&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Mini (BMW)|Mini]] QED [[Hybrid electric vehicle|HEV]], [[Ford F150]] [[Hybrid electric vehicle|HEV]]
+|-
+| ElectriFly GPMG4805 [[Brushless DC electric motor|Brushless DC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://manuals.hobbico.com/gpm/gpmg4800-4805-manual.pdf|title=Great Planes ElectriFly RimFire 65cc 80-85-160 Brushless Outrunner Electric Motor|accessdate=2010-11-02}}</ref>
+|1.48&nbsp;kg
+|3.26&nbsp;lb
+|8.4&nbsp;kW
+|11.26&nbsp;hp
+|5.68&nbsp;kW/kg
+|3.45&nbsp;hp/lb
+|[[Radio-controlled aircraft]]
+|-
+| EMRAX228 [[Brushless AC electric motor|Brushless AC electric Motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://enstroj.si/images/stories/technical_data_emrax_228_11_2013.pdf|title=EMRAX228=2013-11-02}}</ref>
+|11.9&nbsp;kg
+|26.18&nbsp;lb
+|100&nbsp;kW
+|134&nbsp;hp
+|8.4&nbsp;kW/kg
+|5.12&nbsp;hp/lb
+|[[Battery Electric Air Plane]]
+|}
+{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc|colwidth=40em}}
+{{Cnote2|•|n=0|Full vehicle power-to-weight ratio shown [[Power-to-weight ratio#Vehicles|below]]}}
+{{Cnote2 End}}
+====Fluid engines and fluid pumps====
+[[Fluid|Fluids (liquid and gas)]] can be used to transmit and/or store energy using [[pressure]] and other fluid properties. [[Hydraulic|Hydraulic (liquid)]] and [[Pneumatic|pneumatic (gas)]] engines convert fluid pressure into other desirable [[Work (physics)|mechanical or electrical work]]. Fluid pumps convert mechanical or electrical work into movement or pressure changes of a fluid, or storage in a [[pressure vessel]].
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! [[Fluid Power]]plant type
+! colspan=2|Dry Weight
+! colspan=2|Peak Power Output
+! colspan=2|Power-to-weight ratio
+|-
+| PlatypusPower Q2/200 [[Hydropower|hydroelectric]] [[water turbine|turbine]]<ref name="platypuspower">{{cite web|url=http://www.platypuspower.com.au/240specs.html|title=Platypus Power Micro Hydro Electric Generator - Specifications|publisher=Platypus Power|accessdate=2010-01-15}}</ref>
+| 43&nbsp;kg
+| 95&nbsp;lb
+| 2&nbsp;kW
+| 2.7&nbsp;hp
+| 0.047&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.029&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| PlatypusPower PP20/200 [[Hydropower|hydroelectric]] [[water turbine|turbine]]<ref name="platypuspower"/>
+| 330&nbsp;kg
+| 728&nbsp;lb
+| 20&nbsp;kW
+| 27&nbsp;hp
+| 0.060&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.037&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| [[Atlas Copco]] LZL 35 [[Compressed-air engine|pneumatic motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlascopco.co.uk/Images/AirMotor_catalogue.ENG_tcm795-1610751.pdf|title=Atlas Copco Air motor catalogue, page 52 - Product data at air pressure 6.3 bar (91 psi) - LZL 35 Unrestricted |publisher=[[Atlas Copco]]|accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref>
+| 20&nbsp;kg
+| 44.1&nbsp;lb
+| 6.5&nbsp;kW
+| 8.7&nbsp;hp
+| 0.33&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.20&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| [[Atlas Copco]] LZB 14 [[Compressed-air engine|pneumatic motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlascopco.co.uk/ukus/products/navigationbyproduct/Product.aspx?id=1466515&productgroupid=1401305 |title=Atlas Copco Tools - LZB 14 Technical data |publisher=[[Atlas Copco]]|accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref>
+| 0.30&nbsp;kg
+| 0.66&nbsp;lb
+| 0.16&nbsp;kW
+| 0.22&nbsp;hp
+| 0.53&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.33&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] 0 607 954 307 [[Compressed-air engine|pneumatic motor]]<ref name="boschpneumatics">{{cite web|url=http://www.boschproductiontools.com/iwboptocs2-en/category.htm?ccat_id=125831|title=Bosch Production Tools - Air Tools - Motors|publisher=[[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]]|accessdate=2010-01-15}}</ref>
+| 0.32&nbsp;kg
+| 0.71&nbsp;lb
+| 0.1&nbsp;kW
+| 0.13&nbsp;hp
+| 0.31&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.19&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| [[Atlas Copco]] LZB 46 [[Compressed-air engine|pneumatic motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlascopco.co.uk/ukus/products/navigationbyproduct/Product.aspx?id=1466765&productgroupid=1401305 |title=Atlas Copco Tools - LZB 46 Technical data |publisher=[[Atlas Copco]]|accessdate=2011-09-21}}</ref>
+| 1.2&nbsp;kg
+| 2.65&nbsp;lb
+| 0.84&nbsp;kW
+| 1.13&nbsp;hp
+| 0.7&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.43&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] 0 607 957 307 [[Compressed-air engine|pneumatic motor]]<ref name="boschpneumatics"/>
+| 1.7&nbsp;kg
+| 3.7&nbsp;lb
+| 0.74&nbsp;kW
+| 0.99&nbsp;hp
+| 0.44&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.26&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| SAI GM7 [[Hydraulic motor#Radial piston motors|radial piston]] [[hydraulic motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saispa.com/pdf/gm-7.pdf|title=GM Series - GM7 Hydraulic Motor|publisher=SAI|author=SAI|accessdate=2010-01-14}}</ref>
+| 300&nbsp;kg
+| 661&nbsp;lb
+| 250&nbsp;kW
+| 335&nbsp;hp
+| 0.83&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.50&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| SAI GM3 [[Hydraulic motor#Radial piston motors|radial piston]] [[hydraulic motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saispa.com/pdf/gm-03.pdf|title=GM03 Motor - Extremely Compact Unit|publisher=SAI|author=SAI|accessdate=2010-01-14}}</ref>
+| 15&nbsp;kg
+| 33&nbsp;lb
+| 15&nbsp;kW
+| 20&nbsp;hp
+| 1&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 0.61&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| Denison GOLD CUP P14 [[Hydraulic motor#Axial plunger motors|axial piston]] [[hydraulic motor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.launchrun.com/hpd/pdfs/GOLDCUP_SalesCatalog_HY28-2667-01-GC-NA,EU.pdf|title=Denison GOLD CUP Product Catalog|publisher=Parker Hannifin Corporation|author=Parker Hannifin Corporation|accessdate=2012-10-31}}</ref>
+| 110&nbsp;kg
+| 250&nbsp;lb
+| 384&nbsp;kW
+| 509&nbsp;hp
+| 3.5&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 2.0&nbsp;hp/lb
+|-
+| Denison TB [[Rotary vane pump|vane]] [[hydraulic pump|pump]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parker.com/literature/Vane_Pump/PDF%20Literature/SALES/TB%20Sales-1-ML083-A.pdf|title=TB Vane-Type Single Pump|publisher=Parker Hannifin Corporation|author=Denison Hydraulics|accessdate=2012-10-31}}</ref>
+| 7&nbsp;kg
+| 15&nbsp;lb
+| 40.2&nbsp;kW
+| 53.9&nbsp;hp
+| 5.7&nbsp;kW/kg
+| 3.6&nbsp;hp/lb
+|}
+====Thermoelectric generators and electrothermal actuators====
+A variety of effects can be harnessed to produce [[thermoelectricity]], [[thermionic emission]], [[pyroelectricity]] and [[piezoelectricity]]. [[Electrical resistance]] and [[ferromagnetism]] of materials can be harnessed to generate thermoacoustic energy from an electric current.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! [[Thermogenerator|Thermoelectric Powerplant]] type
+! colspan=2|Dry Weight
+! colspan=2|Peak Power Output
+! colspan=2|Power-to-weight ratio
+! Example Use
+|-
+| [[Teledyne]] [[Plutonium-238|<sup>238</sup>Pu]] [[GPHS-RTG]] 1980<ref name="GLB">{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/space/bennett0706.pdf|title=Space Nuclear Power|first=G.L.|last=Bennett|year=2006|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref><ref name="mmrtg">{{cite web|url=http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/40238/1/06-2720.pdf|title=Development of a New Generation of High-Temperature Thermoelectric Unicouples for Space Applications|date=August 2006|publisher=[[NASA]], [[JPL]] and [[Caltech]]|first=T.|last=Caillat}}</ref>
+| 56&nbsp;kg
+| 123&nbsp;lb
+| 285&nbsp;W
+| 0.39&nbsp;hp
+| 5.09&nbsp;W/kg
+| 0.003&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Galileo probe]], [[New Horizons]] probe
+|-
+| [[Boeing]] [[Plutonium-238|<sup>238</sup>Pu]] [[Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator|MMRTG]] [[Mars Science Laboratory|MSL]]<ref name="mmrtg"/>
+| 44.1&nbsp;kg
+| 97.2&nbsp;lb
+| 123&nbsp;W
+| 0.16&nbsp;hp
+| 2.79&nbsp;W/kg
+| 0.002&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Mars Science Laboratory]]
+|-
+| [[HZ-20 thermoelectric module]]
+| 0.115&nbsp;kg
+| 0.254&nbsp;lb
+| 19&nbsp;W
+| 0.025&nbsp;hp
+| 165&nbsp;W/kg
+| 0.098&nbsp;hp/lb
+| [[Hi-Z Technology Inc.]]
+|}
+===Electrochemical (galvanic) and electrostatic cell systems===
+====(Closed cell) batteries====
+All electrochemical cell batteries deliver a changing voltage as their chemistry changes from "charged" to "discharged". A nominal output voltage and a cutoff voltage are typically specified for a battery by its manufacturer. The output voltage falls to the cutoff voltage when the battery becomes "discharged". The nominal output voltage is always less than the open-circuit voltage produced when the battery is "charged". The temperature of a battery can affect the power it can deliver, where lower temperatures reduce power. Total energy delivered from a single charge cycle is affected by both the battery temperature and the power it delivers. If the temperature lowers or the power demand increases, the total energy delivered at the point of "discharge" is also reduced.
+Battery discharge profiles are often described in terms of a factor of [[Battery (electricity)#Capacity and discharging|battery capacity]]. For example a battery with a nominal capacity quoted in ampere-hours (Ah) at a C/10 rated discharge current (derived in amperes) may safely provide a higher discharge current - and therefore higher power-to-weight ratio - but only with a lower energy capacity. Power-to-weight ratio for batteries is therefore less meaningful without reference to corresponding energy-to-weight ratio and cell temperature. This relationship is known as [[Peukert's law]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Peukert|first=W.|title=Über die Abhängigkeit der Kapazität von der Entladestromstärke bei Bleiakkumulatoren|journal=Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift|volume=20|year=1897}}</ref>
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|-
+! [[Battery (electricity)|Battery]] type
+! [[Voltage|Volts]]
+! [[Temperature|Temp.]]
+! Energy-to-weight ratio
+! data-sort-type="number"|Power-to-weight ratio
+|-
+| [[Energizer]] 675 [[Mercury (element)|Mercury]] Free [[Zinc-air battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/675.pdf|title=Product Datasheet - Energizer 675 ZnAir|publisher=[[Energizer Holdings]]|accessdate=2010-09-20|date=2010-02-15}}</ref>
+| 1.4V
+| 21 °C
+| 1,645 kJ/kg to 0.9&nbsp;V <!-- 1.4V over 625 ohn load for 11 days, 12 hours, 47 minutes and 8.57 seconds, ie 620mAh --->
+| 1.65 W/kg 2.24&nbsp;mA
+|-
+| [[GE Transportation|GE]] Durathon™ NaMx A2 [[Uninterruptible power supply|UPS]] [[Molten salt battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.personal.psu.edu/klm5709/plugin-GE-NaMx-Batteries-ss.pdf|title=GE Durathon Batteries - NaMx Battery System for Telecom Applications|publisher=[[Pennsylvania State University]]|accessdate=2011-11-24|date=2010-09-17}}</ref>
+| 54.2V
+| -40&ndash;65°C
+| 342 kJ/kg to 37.8&nbsp;V
+| 15.8 W/kg C/6 (76&nbsp;A) <!-- 456Ah at 6-hour discharge rate -->
+|-
+|rowspan="2"| [[Panasonic]] R03 AAA [[Zinc–carbon battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://industrial.panasonic.com/www-data/pdf2/AAE4000/AAE4000CE16.pdf|title=Zinc Carbon Batteries|publisher=[[Panasonic]]|accessdate=February 5, 2010|date=August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://products.panasonic-industrial.com/downloads/en/R03.pdf|publisher=[[Panasonic]]|title=Specification for Zinc-Carbon Dry Battery R03(NB)|date=June 25, 1998|author=Matsushita Battery Industrial Co., Ltd.;Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.}}</ref>
+|rowspan="2"| 1.5&nbsp;V
+|rowspan="2"| 20±2&nbsp;°C
+| 47 kJ/kg 20&nbsp;mA to 0.9&nbsp;V <!-- 1.5V over 75 ohm load for 4 hours -->
+| 3.3 W/kg 20&nbsp;mA
+|-
+| 88 kJ/kg 150&nbsp;mA to 0.9&nbsp;V <!-- 1.5V over 10 ohm load for 1 hour -->
+| 24 W/kg 150&nbsp;mA
+|-
+|rowspan="2"| [[Eagle-Picher]] SAR-10081 60Ah 22-cell [[Nickel–hydrogen battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.die.unipd.it/personale/doc/Benato_Roberto/didattica/corsi/IMPIANTI_ELETTRICI_DI_BORDO_PER_IAS/2_zona_di_transizione/BATTERIE/Batt_SPV.pdf|title=Nickel Hydrogen (NiH<sub>2</sub>) Batteries - Single Pressure Vessel|authorlink=Eagle-Picher|author=EaglePicher Technologies, LLC|publisher=[[University of Padua]]|date=February 6, 2003|accessdate=February 5, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
+|rowspan="2"| 27.7&nbsp;V
+|rowspan="2"| 10&nbsp;°C
+| 192 kJ/kg C/2 to 22&nbsp;V <!-- 30A for 2 hours 20 minutes = 70 Ah; 53.4 Wh/kg; mass = 36.3&nbsp;kg -->
+| 23 W/kg C/2
+|-
+| 165 kJ/kg C/1 to 22&nbsp;V <!-- 60A for 1 hour = 60 Ah; 45.8 Wh/kg; mass = 36.3&nbsp;kg; standard discharge -->
+| 46 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| [[ClaytonPower]] 400Ah [[Lithium-ion battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.claytonpower.com/products/lithium-ion-battery/|title=Lithium Ion Battery Packs|accessdate=2010-10-05|year=2010|author=Clayton Power|publisher=Clayton Power}}</ref><ref name="claytonpower">{{cite web|url=http://www.claytonpower.com/products/complete-power-systems-24v-230v/|title=Complete Power Systems - 24VDC/230VAC|accessdate=2010-10-05|year=2010|author=Clayton Power|publisher=Clayton Power}}</ref>
+| 12V
+|
+| 617 kJ/kg <!-- mass = 56&nbsp;kg, size = 348 × 469 × 352mm ie vol = 57.5 L-->
+| 85.7 W/kg C/1 (175&nbsp;A)
+|-
+|rowspan="3"| [[Energizer]] 522 Prismatic [[Zinc|Zn]]–[[Manganese dioxide|MnO<sub>2</sub>]] [[Alkaline battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/522.pdf|title=Product Datasheet - Energizer 522 9V|accessdate=February 4, 2010|publisher=[[Energizer Holdings]]}}</ref>
+|rowspan="3"| 9&nbsp;V
+|rowspan="3"| 21 °C
+| 444 kJ/kg 25&nbsp;mA to 4.8&nbsp;V
+| 4.9 W/kg 25&nbsp;mA
+|-
+| 340 kJ/kg 100&nbsp;mA to 4.8&nbsp;V
+| 19.7 W/kg 100&nbsp;mA
+|-
+| 221 kJ/kg 500&nbsp;mA to 4.8&nbsp;V
+| 99 W/kg 500&nbsp;mA
+|-
+|rowspan="3"| [[Panasonic]] HHR900D 9.25Ah [[Nickel–metal hydride battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/includes/pdf/Panasonic_NiMH_HHR900D.pdf|title=Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries - Individual Data Sheet - HHR900D|publisher=[[Panasonic]]|accessdate=February 5, 2010|date=August 2005}}</ref>
+|rowspan="3"| 1.2&nbsp;V
+|rowspan="3"| 20&nbsp;°C
+|rowspan="3"| 209.65 kJ/kg to 0.7&nbsp;V
+| 11.7 W/kg C/5
+|-
+| 58.2 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| 116 W/kg 2C
+|-
+| [[University of Rhode Island|URI]] 1418Ah replaceable anode [[Aluminium–air battery]] model<ref>{{Cite journal
+| doi =  10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00370-1
+| issn = 0378-7753
+| volume = 112
+| issue = 1
+| pages = 162–173
+| author = Yang, Shaohua, and Harold Knickle
+| title = Design and analysis of aluminum/air battery system for electric vehicles
+| journal = Journal of Power Sources
+| year = 2002
+}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
+| doi =  10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.058
+| issn = 0378-7753
+| volume = 128
+| issue = 2
+| pages = 331–342
+| author = Zhang, Xin, Shao Hua Yang, and Harold Knickle
+| title = Novel operation and control of an electric vehicle aluminum/air battery system
+| journal = Journal of Power Sources
+| year = 2004
+}}</ref>
+| 244.8&nbsp;V
+| 60&nbsp;°C
+| 4680 kJ/kg <!-- 1300 Wh/kg -->
+| 130.3 W/kg (142&nbsp;A) <!-- peak power output 34.8&nbsp;kW from 136 cells split between two modules combined size 371L and 267&nbsp;kg -->
+|-
+| rowspan="2"| [[LG Chemical]]/[[Compact Power|CPI]] E2 6Ah LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> [[Lithium-ion polymer battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lgchem.com/upload/02_Ko/e2%20cell%20specsheet(6ah).pdf|title=E2 General Information|pages=1|publisher=Lucky Goldstar Chemical Ltd.|accessdate=2010-10-01|date=2005-03-24|author=LG Chem.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.compactpower.com/Documents/MicrosoftWord-LG_Chem_pressrelease_finalon20080110.pdf|accessdate=2010-10-01|date=2009-01-12|title=Press Release - LG Chem Battery Cells to Power Chevrolet Volt|publisher=Lucky Goldstar Chemical Ltd., CompactPower division|pages=3|author=LG Chem.}}</ref>
+| rowspan="2"| 3.8&nbsp;V
+| rowspan="2"| 25&nbsp;°C
+| 530.1 kJ/kg C/2 to 3.0&nbsp;V
+| 71.25 W/kg
+|-
+| 513 kJ/kg 1C to 3.0&nbsp;V
+| 142.5 W/kg
+|-
+| rowspan="3" | [[Saft Groupe S.A.|Saft]] 45E Fe Super-Phosphate [[Lithium iron phosphate battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saftbatteries.com/doc/Documents/defence/Cube769/VL45EFe.e3741a09-74fd-4df4-8687-12997f445ef5.pdf|title=Rechargeable LiFePO4 lithium-ion battery Super-Phosphate VL 45E Fe Very High Energy cell|accessdate=2010-10-01|date=June 2010|publisher=SAFT Batteries|author=JCI-SAFT}}</ref>
+| rowspan="3" | 3.3&nbsp;V
+| rowspan="3" | 25 °C
+| 581 kJ/kg C to 2.5&nbsp;V
+| 161 W/kg
+|-
+| 560 kJ/kg 1.14&nbsp;C to 2.0&nbsp;V
+| 183 W/kg
+|-
+| 0.73 kJ/kg 2.27&nbsp;C to 1.5&nbsp;V
+| 367 W/kg
+|-
+|rowspan="2"| [[Energizer]] CH35 C 1.8Ah [[Nickel–cadmium battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.energizer.com/PDFs/CH35.pdf|title=Product Datasheet - Energizer CH35 C|accessdate=February 4, 2010|publisher=[[Energizer Holdings]]}}</ref>
+|rowspan="2" | 1.2&nbsp;V
+|rowspan="2" | 21&nbsp;°C
+| 152 kJ/kg C/10 to 1&nbsp;V
+| 4 W/kg C/10
+|-
+| 147.1 kJ/kg 5C to 1&nbsp;V
+| 200 W/kg 5&nbsp;C
+|-
+|rowspan="3"| Firefly Energy Oasis FF12D1-G31 6-cell 105Ah [[VRLA battery|VRLA]] [[Lead–acid battery|battery]]<ref name="firefly_oasis">{{cite web|url=http://www.fireflyenergy.com/images/stories/pdfs/Group%2031%20Spec%20Sheet%20REV%20-%20110909.pdf|title=Microcell Technology AGM Deep Cycle Group 31 Battery|accessdate=February 4, 2010|year=2009|publisher=FireFly Energy, Inc.}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
+| rowspan="3"| 12&nbsp;V
+| 25&nbsp;°C
+| 142 kJ/kg C/10 to 7.2&nbsp;V <!-- 10.5A for 10 hours = 105Ah -->
+| 4 W/kg C/10
+|-
+| -1&nbsp;8 °C
+| 7 kJ/kg [[Car battery#Terms and ratings|CCA]] to 7.2V <!-- 625A for 30s = 5.2Ah -->
+| 234 W/kg [[Car battery#Terms and ratings|CCA]] (625A)
+|-
+| 0&nbsp;°C
+| 9 kJ/kg [[Car battery#Terms and ratings|CA]] to 7.2&nbsp;V <!-- 800A for 30s = 6.7Ah -->
+| 300 W/kg [[Car battery#Terms and ratings|CA]] (800&nbsp;A)
+|-
+|rowspan="4"| [[Panasonic]] CGA103450A 1.95Ah LiCoO<sub>2</sub> [[Lithium-ion battery]]<ref name="panasonicliion">{{cite web|url=http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/battery/oem/images/pdf/Panasonic_LiIon_CGA103450A.pdf|title=Lithium Ion Batteries - Individual Data Sheet - CGA103450A|publisher=[[Panasonic]]|accessdate=February 4, 2010|date=January 2007}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
+|rowspan="4"| 3.7&nbsp;V
+| 20&nbsp;°C <!-- 370 mA for 5 hours 16 minutes 13 seconds = 1950 mAh; mass = 39g; standard discharge -->
+| 666 kJ/kg C/5.3 to 2.75&nbsp;V
+| 35 W/kg C/5.3
+|-
+| 0&nbsp;°C <!-- 1854 mA for 1 hour = 1854mAh; mass = 39g -->
+| 633 kJ/kg C/1 to 2.75&nbsp;V
+| 176 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| 20&nbsp;°C <!-- 1918 mA for 1 hour = 1918 mAh; mass = 39g-->
+| 655 kJ/kg C/1 to 2.75&nbsp;V
+| 182 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| 20&nbsp;°C <!-- 3754 mA for 30 minutes = 1877 mAh; mass = 39g -->
+| 641 kJ/kg 2C to 2.75&nbsp;V
+| 356 W/kg 2C
+|-
+| Electric Fuel Battery Corp. [[UUV]] 120Ah [[Zinc–air fuel cell]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efbpower.com/downloads/UAVbro2.pdf|title=Mission Extended - Advanced Zinc-Air Battery Technology|publisher=Electric Fuel Battery Corporation|accessdate=2010-09-15|date=2003-03-30}}</ref>
+|
+|
+| 630 kJ/kg
+| 500 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | Sion Power 2.5Ah [[Lithium–sulfur battery|Li–S]] [[Lithium-ion battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sionpower.com/pdf/articles/LIS%20Spec%20Sheet%2010-3-08.pdf|title=Sion Power - LiS Spec Sheet|publisher=Sion Power|accessdate=11 September 2010|date=October 3, 2008}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2 | 2.15&nbsp;V
+| rowspan=2 | 25&nbsp;°C
+| 1260 kJ/kg <!-- 350 Wh/kg nominal at 2.5Ah/5h = 500mA -->
+| 70 W/kg C/5 <!-- 350 Wh/5h per kg -->
+|-
+| 1209 kJ/kg <!-- mass ~16g, nominal capacity 2.5Ah at nominal voltage 2.15V -->
+| 672 W/kg 2C <!-- mass ~16g, C = 2.5A so 2C = 5A -->
+|-
+| [[Hitachi Maxell|Maxell]] / [[GS Yuasa|Yuasa]] / [[National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology|AIST]] [[Nickel–metal hydride]] lab prototype<ref>{{cite journal|title=Improvement of Nickel Metal Hydride Battery with Non-foam Nickel Electrode for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Applications|last1=Fukunaga|first1=Hiroshi|last2=Kishimi|first2=Mitsuhiro|last3=Matsumoto|first3=Nobuaki|last4=Tanaka|first4=Toshiki|last5=Kishimoto|first5=Tomonori|last6=Ozaki|first6=Tetsuya|last7=Sakai|first7=Tetsuo|journal=Electrochemistry|volume=75|issue=5|pages=385–393|year=2006|location=Japan|issn=1344-3542|url=http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200610/000020061006A0350302.php|accessdate=February 4, 2010}}</ref>
+|
+| 45&nbsp;°C
+|
+| 980 W/kg
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | [[Toshiba]] SCiB cell 4.2Ah [[Lithium–titanate battery|Li<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>]] [[Lithium-ion battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scib.jp/en/product/detail.htm|title=Rechargeable Battery SCiB - Description|publisher=[[Toshiba|Toshiba Corporation]]|accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scib.jp/en/product/spec.htm|title=Rechargeable Battery SCiB - Specifications|publisher=[[Toshiba|Toshiba Corporation]]|accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2 | 2.4&nbsp;V
+| rowspan=2 | 25&nbsp;°C
+| 242 kJ/kg <!-- mass 150g, 4.2Ah*2.4V -->
+| 67.2 W/kg C/1 <!-- mass 150g, C/1 = 4.2A -->
+|-
+| 218 kJ/kg <!-- mass 150g, 90% of 4.2Ah*2.4V -->
+| 4000 W/kg 12C <!-- mass 150g, 5 minutes @ 50A giving "more than 90%" charge; ie 600W -->
+|-
+|rowspan="2"| Ionix Power Systems LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> [[Lithium-ion battery]] lab model<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ionixpower.com/lithium_ion_battery.htm|title=Lithium Ion Battery Research|publisher=Ionix Power Systems|accessdate=February 4, 2010}}</ref>
+|
+| lab
+| 270 kJ/kg <!-- 75 Wh/kg -->
+| 1700 W/kg
+|-
+|
+| lab
+| 29 kJ/kg <!-- 8.1 Wh/kg -->
+| 4900 W/kg
+|-
+|rowspan="5"| [[A123 Systems]] 26650 Cell 2.3Ah [[Lithium iron phosphate battery|LiFePO<sub>4</sub>]] [[Lithium ion battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.a123systems.com/a123/products|title=A123Systems Products|publisher=[[A123 Systems]]|accessdate=February 4, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.a123systems.com/cms/product/pdf/1/_ANR26650M1A.pdf|title=High Power Lithium Ion ANR26650M1A - Datasheet|publisher=[[A123 Systems]]|accessdate=February 4, 2010}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
+|rowspan="5"| 3.3&nbsp;V
+| -20&nbsp;°C<!-- 2.3A for 53 minutes = (89%) 2Ah nominal capacity; mass = 70g; nominal continuous discharge -->
+| 347 kJ/kg C/1 to 2V
+| 108 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| 0&nbsp;°C<!-- 2.3A for 57 minutes = (95%) 2.2Ah nominal capacity; mass = 70g; nominal continuous discharge -->
+| 371 kJ/kg C/1 to 2&nbsp;V
+| 108 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| 25&nbsp;°C<!-- 2.3A for 1 hour = 2.3Ah nominal capacity; mass = 70g; nominal continuous discharge -->
+| 390 kJ/kg C/1 to 2&nbsp;V
+| 108 W/kg C/1
+|-
+| 25&nbsp;°C<!-- 70A for 1 minute 58 seconds = 2.3Ah nominal capacity; mass = 70g; max continuous discharge -->
+| 390 kJ/kg 27C to 2&nbsp;V
+| 3300 W/kg 27C
+|-
+| 25&nbsp;°C<!-- 120A for short burst 10s = 333mAh burst capacity; mass = 70g; max burst -->
+| 57 kJ/kg 32C to 2&nbsp;V
+| 5657 W/kg 32C
+|-
+| rowspan="6"| [[Saft Groupe S.A.|Saft]] VL 6Ah [[Lithium-ion battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saftbatteries.com/doc/Documents/defence/Cube769/VL6A_data_sheet.9ea09188-84ad-4c54-989b-a2206dc28da2.pdf|title=Rechargeable lithium-ion battery VL 6A Very High Power cell|accessdate=2010-10-02|date=June 2009|publisher=SAFT Batteries|author=JCI-Saft}}</ref>
+| rowspan="6" | 3.65&nbsp;V
+| rowspan="2" | -20&nbsp;°C
+| 154 kJ/kg 30C to 2.5&nbsp;V <!-- 5.2 Ah from graph, but voltage drops quickly to around 2.71V, rises to around 3.1 then drops to 2.5V.  Assume 2.8V nominal. -->
+| 41.4 W/kg 30C (180&nbsp;A) <!-- Assume 2.71V here because drop is early in profile, rise to around 3.1V then drop to 2.5V -->
+|-
+| 182 kJ/kg 1C to 2.5&nbsp;V <!-- 5.2 Ah from graph.  Assume 3.3V nominal. -->
+| 67.4 W/kg 1C <!-- Assume 3.8V here -->
+|-
+| rowspan="4" | 25&nbsp;°C
+| 232 kJ/kg 1C to 2.5&nbsp;V <!-- 6Ah nominal capacity; mass = 0.34&nbsp;kg; nominal continuous discharge for 6 hours -->
+| 64.4 W/kg 1C
+|-
+| 233 kJ/kg 58.3C to 2.5&nbsp;V <!-- 350A at 3.65V delivering 79.2 kJ/22Wh in 62s; mass = 0.34&nbsp;kg; max continous -->
+| 3757 W/kg 58.3C (350A)
+|-
+| 34 kJ/kg 267C to 2.5&nbsp;V <!-- 1.6kA for short burst 2s = 3.24Wh; mass = 0.34&nbsp;kg; pulse -->
+| 17176 W/kg 267C (1.6kA)
+|-
+| 4.29 kJ/kg 333C to 2.5&nbsp;V <!-- 2kA for short burst 200ms = 0.406Wh; mass = 0.34&nbsp;kg; pulse -->
+| 21370 W/kg 333C (2kA)
+|}
+====Electrostatic, electrolytic and electrochemical capacitors====
+[[Capacitor]]s store electric charge onto two electrodes separated by an electric field semi-insulating ([[dielectric]]) medium. Electrostatic capacitors feature planar electrodes onto which electric charge accumulates. [[Electrolytic capacitor]]s use a liquid electrolyte as one of the electrodes and the [[Double layer (interfacial)|electric double layer effect]] upon the surface of the dielectric-electrolyte boundary to increase the amount of charge stored per unit volume. [[Electric double-layer capacitor]]s extend both electrodes with a [[Nanopore|nanopourous]] material such as [[activated carbon]] to significantly increase the surface area upon which electric charge can accumulate, reducing the dielectric medium to nanopores and a very thin high [[permittivity]] separator.
+While capacitors tend not to be as temperature sensitive as batteries, they are significantly capacity constrained and without the strength of chemical bonds suffer from self-discharge. Power-to-weight ratio of capacitors is usually higher than batteries because charge transport units within the cell are smaller (electrons rather than ions), however energy-to-weight ratio is conversely usually lower.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! [[Capacitor]] type
+! [[Capacitance|Capacity]]
+! [[Voltage|Volts]]
+! [[Temperature|Temp.]]
+! Energy-to-weight ratio
+! Power-to-weight ratio
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | ACT Premlis [[Lithium ion capacitor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.act.jp/eng/premlis/premlis.htm|title=Typical Characteristics of Premlis|publisher=Advanced Capacitor Technologies, Inc.|accessdate=September 9, 2010}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2 | 2000&nbsp;[[Farad|F]]
+| rowspan=2 | 4.0&nbsp;V
+| rowspan=2 | 25&nbsp;°C
+| 54 kJ/kg to 2.0&nbsp;V
+| 44.4 W/kg @ 5&nbsp;A
+|-
+| 31 kJ/kg to 2.0&nbsp;V
+| 850 W/kg @ 10&nbsp;A
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | Nesccap [[Electric double-layer capacitor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nesscap.com/data_nesscap/spec_sheets/Spec%2009.pdf|title=Nesccap Ultracapacitor Products - EDLC - Prismatic|publisher=Nesscap Co., Ltd.|accessdate=September 10, 2010}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2 | 5000&nbsp;[[Farad|F]]
+| rowspan=2 | 2.7&nbsp;V
+| rowspan=2 | 25&nbsp;°C
+| 19.58 kJ/kg to 1.35&nbsp;V
+| 5.44 W/kg C/1 (1.875&nbsp;A) <!-- mass 930g, rated energy capacity 0.5*5000*2.7^2 = 5.0625 Wh = 18.225 kJ; rated (C/1) current is then 1.875 A -->
+|-
+| 5.2 kJ/kg to 1.35&nbsp;V
+| 5,200 W/kg<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nesscap.com/products_edlc.htm|title=Nesccap Ultracapacitor (EDLC)|publisher=Nesscap Co., Ltd.|accessdate=September 10, 2010}}</ref> @ 2,547A <!-- mass 930g, current pulse for 1 second -->
+|-
+| rowspan=2 | [[EEStor]] EESU [[barium titanate]] [[supercapacitor]]<ref name="USPTO-7466536">{{Ref patent
+ | country = US
+ | number = 7466536
+ | status = patent
+ | title = Utilization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) plastic and composition-modified barium titanate powders in a matrix that allows polarization and the use of integrated-circuit technologies for the production of lightweight ultrahigh electrical energy storage units (EESU)
+ | pubdate = 16 December 2008
+ | gdate = 16 December 2008
+ | fdate = 13 August 2004
+ | pridate = 13 August 2004
+ | invent1 = Weir; Richard Dean
+ | invent2 = Nelson; Carl Walter
+ | assign1 = EEStor, Inc}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2 |30.693&nbsp;[[Farad|F]]
+| rowspan=2 |3500&nbsp;V
+| rowspan=2 |85&nbsp;°C
+| 1471.98 kJ/kg
+| 80.35 W/kg C/5
+|-
+| 1471.98 kJ/kg
+| 8,035 W∕kg 20&nbsp;C
+|-
+| rowspan=1 | [[General Atomics]] 3330CMX2205 [[Capacitor|High Voltage Capacitor]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga-esi.com/EP/capacitors/series-CMX-high-energy.php |title=SERIES CMX - Self-Healing Energy Storage Capacitors |deadurl=no |accessdate=12 August 2012}}</ref>
+| rowspan=1 | 20.5&nbsp;[[Farad|mF]]
+| rowspan=1 | 3300&nbsp;V
+| rowspan=1 | ?&nbsp;°C
+| 2.3 kJ/kg
+| 6.8 MW/kg @ 100&nbsp;kA
+|}
+====Fuel cell stacks and flow cell batteries====
+[[Fuel cell]]s and [[Flow battery|flow cells]], although perhaps using similar chemistry to batteries, have the distinction of not containing the energy storage medium or [[fuel]]. With a continuous flow of fuel and oxidant, available fuel cells and flow cells continue to convert the energy storage medium into electric energy and waste products. Fuel cells distinctly contain a fixed electrolyte whereas flow cells also require a continuous flow of electrolyte. Flow cells typically have the fuel dissolved in the electrolyte.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! [[Fuel cell]] type
+! Dry weight
+! Power-to-weight ratio
+! Example Use
+|-
+| Redflow Power+BOS ZB600 10kWh [[Zinc-bromine flow battery|ZBB]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.redflow.com.au/Files/PowerBOSZB600%20-%20Limited%20Warranty.pdf|title=Redflow Power+BOS ZB600 Stand Alone Power System|publisher=Redflow|accessdate=September 11, 2010|date=March 2010}}</ref>
+| 900&nbsp;kg
+| 5.6 W/kg (9.3 W/kg peak)
+| Rural Grid support
+|-
+| rowspan=2|[[Ceramic Fuel Cells]] BlueGen MG 2.0 [[Cogeneration|CHP]] [[Solid oxide fuel cell|SOFC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfcl.com.au/Assets/Files/BlueGen_Brochure(ENG_GER)_Mar-09.pdf|title=BlueGen Modular Generator - Power + Heat|publisher=Ceramic Fuel Cells Ltd.|accessdate=February 4, 2010}}</ref>
+| rowspan=2|200&nbsp;kg
+| 10 W/kg <!-- max power = 2kW elec., 1&nbsp;kW heat -->
+| rowspan=2|
+|-
+| 15 W/kg [[Cogeneration|CHP]]
+|-
+| [[MTU Friedrichshafen]] 240&nbsp;kW [[Molten carbonate fuel cell|MCFC]] HotModule 2006
+| 20 [[tonne|t]]
+| 12 W/kg
+|
+|-
+| Smart Fuel Cell Jenny 600S 25W [[Direct methanol fuel cell|DMFC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfc.com/en/man-portable-jenny.html|title=The Jenny fuel cell by SFC|publisher=Smart Fuel Cell AG|accessdate=February 4, 2010}}</ref>
+| 1.7&nbsp;kg
+| 14.7 W/kg
+| Portable military electronics
+|-
+| [[UTC Power]] PureCell 400&nbsp;kW [[Phosphoric acid fuel cell|PAFC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utcpower.com/fs/com/Attachments/data_sheets/DS0112_093008.pdf|publisher=[[UTC Power]]|accessdate=February 4, 2010|title=UTC Power - Model 400 PureCell System|year=2008|location=South Windsor, [[Connecticut]], [[USA]]}}</ref>
+| 27,216&nbsp;kg
+| 14.7 W/kg <!-- 400 kW average lifetime output -->
+|
+|-
+| GEFC 50V50A-VRB [[Vanadium redox battery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gefc.com/info/2009112/2009112115605.shtml|title=GEFC 50V50A-VRB Vanadium Redox Battery Stack|publisher=GEFC|year=2010|accessdate=February 5, 2010}}</ref>
+| 80&nbsp;kg
+| 31.3 W/kg (125 W/kg peak) <!-- 2.5&nbsp;kW rated; 10kW max -->
+|
+|-
+| [[Ballard Power Systems]] Xcellsis HY-205 205&nbsp;kW [[Proton exchange membrane fuel cell|PEMFC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fuelcells.org/info/charts/TransTechnical.pdf|title=Transportation Fuel Cells - Technical Info.|accessdate=2010-07-24|publisher=[http://www.fuelcells.org/ Fuel Cells 2000]}}</ref>
+| 2,170&nbsp;kg
+| 94.5 W/kg
+| [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz Citaro|Citaro O530BZ]]{{Cref2|•}}
+|-
+| [[UTC Power]]/[[NASA]] 12&nbsp;kW [[Alkaline fuel cell|AFC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.utcpower.com/fs/com/bin/fs_com_Page/0,11491,0115,00.html|title=Space Orbiter|publisher=[[UTC Power]]|accessdate=February 5, 2010|year=2008}}</ref>
+| 122&nbsp;kg<!-- 270 pounds -->
+| 98 W/kg
+| [[Space Shuttle orbiter]]{{Cref2|•}}
+|-
+| [[Ballard Power Systems]] FCgen-1030 1.2&nbsp;kW [[Cogeneration|CHP]] [[Proton exchange membrane fuel cell|PEMFC]]<ref name="ballardfuelcells">{{cite web|url=http://www.ballard.com/files/pdf/Spec_Sheets/PEM_FC_Product_Portfolio_docmetrics.pdf|title=PEM Fuel Cell Product Portfolio|publisher=[[Ballard Power Systems]]|accessdate=February 4, 2010}}</ref>
+| 12&nbsp;kg
+| 100 W/kg
+| Residential cogeneration
+|-
+| [[Ballard Power Systems]] FCvelocity-HD6 150&nbsp;kW [[Proton exchange membrane fuel cell|PEMFC]]<ref name="ballardfuelcells"/>
+| 400&nbsp;kg
+| 375 W/kg
+| Bus and heavy duty
+|-
+| [[Honda]] 2003 43&nbsp;kW FC Stack [[Proton exchange membrane fuel cell|PEMFC]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.honda.com/FuelCell/FCX/FCXPK.pdf|accessdate=February 4, 2010|title=Press Information Honda Fuel Cell Power FCX|date=December 2004|publisher=[[Honda]]}}</ref>{{Cref2|•}}
+| 43&nbsp;kg <!-- 43 kW -->
+| 1000 W/kg
+| [[Honda FCX Clarity]]{{Cref2|•}}
+|-
+| Lynntech, Inc. [[Proton exchange membrane fuel cell|PEMFC]] lab prototype<ref>{{cite conference|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2439605|title=Low-cost light weight high power density PEM fuel cell stack|last1=Murphy|first1=O.J.|last2=Cisar|first2=A.|last3=Clarke|first3=E.|booktitle=Proceedings of the Symposium on Batteries and Fuel Cells for Portable Applications and Electric Vehicles|pages=3829–3840|year=1998|location=[[INIST]]}}</ref>
+| 347 g <!-- "power output of over 520 W" -->
+| 1,500 W/kg
+|
+|}
+{{Cnote2 Begin|liststyle=disc|colwidth=40em}}
+{{Cnote2|•|n=0|Full vehicle power-to-weight ratio shown [[Power-to-weight ratio#Vehicles|below]]}}
+{{Cnote2 End}}
+===Photovoltaics===
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! [[Photovoltaic]] Panel type
+! Power-to-weight ratio
+|-
+| [[ThyssenKrupp|Thyssen Solartec]] 128W [[Nanocrystal solar cell|Nanocrystalline]] [[Silicon|Si]] [[Multijunction photovoltaic cell|Triplejunction]] [[Photovoltaics|PV module]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thyssen-solartec.de/solartec_uk.pdf|title=Thyssen-Solartec - The photovoltaic roof and façade system|accessdate=2010-02-13|publisher=[[ThyssenKrupp|Thyssen Solartec]]}}</ref>
+| 6 W/kg
+|-
+| rowspan=2| [[Suntech Power|Suntech]]/[[UNSW]] HiPerforma PLUTO220-Udm 220W [[Gallium|Ga]]-F22 Polycrystalline [[Silicon|Si]] [[Photovoltaics|PV module]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suntech-power.com/images/stories/2010_datasheets/EN/suntech_hiperforma_udm_en.pdf|title=Suntech HiPerforma Module PLUTO220-Udm PLUTO215-Udm|accessdate=2010-03-09|publisher=[[Suntech Power]]}}</ref>
+| 13.1 W/kg [[Standard temperature and pressure|STP]] <!-- 15.5&nbsp;kg, 22OW STP -->
+|-
+| 9.64 W/kg nominal <!-- 15.5&nbsp;kg, 148W NOCT -->
+|-
+| [[Global Solar]] PN16015A 62W [[Copper indium gallium selenide|CIGS]] polycrystalline [[Thin film solar cell|thin film]] [[Photovoltaics|PV module]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsolar.com/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=47&format=raw|title=GlobalSolar Product Catalog - Power the Possibilities|accessdate=2010-03-09|publisher=[[Global Solar]]}}</ref>
+| 40 W/kg <!-- 55oz, 62W -->
+|-
+| Able (AEC) PUMA 6&nbsp;kW [[Indium gallium phosphide|GaInP2]]/[[Gallium arsenide|GaAs]]/[[Germanium|Ge]]-on-[[Germanium|Ge]] [[Multijunction photovoltaic cell|Triplejunction]] [[Photovoltaics|PV array]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aec-able.com/arrays/Resources/PumaSheet.pdf|title=A Heritage-Technology Rigid Substrate Solar Array for Traditional Applications|accessdate=2010-02-13|publisher=Able Engineering Company, Inc.}}</ref>
+| 65 W/kg
+|-
+| Current spacecraft grade
+| ~77 W/kg<ref name=rocket>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ja1ROyh4yPYC&pg=RA1-PA180&lpg=RA1-PA180&dq=solar+panels+spacecraft+kg&source=bl&ots=sQKXYoTEg0&sig=wFkCMoPlauHp7-ryD0F3fljOTEA&hl=en&ei=kbM6St6mKdKhjAfx5KijDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 Rocket and spacecraft propulsion By Martin J. L. Turner]</ref> <!-- 1000W, 13kg -->
+|-
+| ITO/InP on Kapton foil
+| 2000 W/kg<ref>http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v95/i22/p223503_s1</ref> <!-- 1000W, 3 kg -->
+|}
+===Vehicles===
+Power-to-weight ratios for vehicles are usually calculated using [[Curb weight]] (for cars) or wet weight (for motorcycles) – in other words, excluding weight of the driver and any cargo. This could be slightly misleading, especially with regard to motorcycles, where the driver might weigh 1/3 to 1/2 as much as the vehicle itself. In the sport of competitive cycling athlete's performance is increasingly being expressed in [[VAM (bicycling)|VAM]]s and thus as a power-to-weight ratio in W/kg. This can be measured through the use of a bicycle powermeter or calculated from measuring incline of a road climb and the rider's time to ascend it.<ref name="vam">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingfitness.net/what-is-vam-and-how-to-calculate-it/|title=What is VAM and How to Calculate it?|accessdate=2010-06-25|date=2009-07-24|publisher=Cycling Fitness}}</ref>
+====Utility and practical vehicles====
+Most vehicles are designed to meet passenger comfort and cargo carrying requirements. Different designs trade off power-to-weight ratio to increase comfort, cargo space, [[Fuel economy in automobiles|fuel economy]], [[Automobile emissions control|emissions control]], [[energy security]] and endurance. [[Automotive aerodynamics|Reduced drag]] and [[Low-rolling resistance tyres|lower rolling resistance]] in a vehicle design can facilitate increased cargo space without increase in the (zero cargo) power-to-weight ratio. This increases the role flexibility of the vehicle. Energy security considerations can trade off power (typically decreased) and weight (typically increased), and therefore power-to-weight ratio, for [[Flexible fuel vehicle|fuel flexibility]] or [[Hybrid vehicle|drive-train hybridisation]]. Some utility and practical vehicle variants such as [[hot hatch]]es and [[SUV|sports-utility vehicles]] reconfigure power (typically increased) and weight to provide the perception of [[sports car]] like performance or for other [[Criticism of sport utility vehicles|psychological benefit]]. Rail locomotives require high mass to maintain adhesive traction on the rails, therefore improving the power-to-weight ratio by reducing mass is not necessarily beneficial. However choice of rail locomotive traction system (i.e. [[Variable-frequency drive|AC VFD]] over DC) can support improved power-to-weight ratio by reducing mass for the same adhesion.
+=====Notable low ratio, (listed as weight to power)=====
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Vehicle
+! Power
+! Weight
+! Weight to Power ratio
+|-
+| [[Benz Patent Motorwagen]] 954&nbsp;cc 1886<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/highway1/la-hy-125mbzbox21jun21,1,3672562.story|title=1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Company]]|date=2006-06-01}}</ref>
+| 560&nbsp;W / 0.75&nbsp;bhp
+| 265&nbsp;kg / 584&nbsp;lb
+| 2.1 W/kg / 779&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Stephenson's Rocket]] [[0-2-2]] [[steam locomotive]] with [[Tender (rail)|tender]] 1829<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/bps/additionalcontent/18/28339806/Robert-Stephenson-and-19thCentury-Transportation-Technology|title=Robert Stephenson and 19th-Century Transportation Technology|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2010-01-08|editor-first=Dennis|editor-last=Karwatka}}</ref>
+| 15&nbsp;kW / 20&nbsp;bhp
+| 4,320&nbsp;kg / 9524&nbsp;lb
+| 3.5 W/kg / 476&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad|CBQ]] [[Pioneer Zephyr|Zephyr]] [[streamliner]] [[diesel locomotive]] with [[Railroad car|railcars]] 1934<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://asmcommunity.asminternational.org/vgn-ext-templating/views/ASM/OpenDocument.jsp?vcmid=b6b1a538b5c81210VgnVCM100000621e010aRCRD|accessdate=2010-01-12|title=The Burlington Zephyr Stainless Steel Train|first=Harold M.|last=Cobb|date=June 2006|journal=Advanced Materials & Processes|pages=24–28}}</ref>
+| 492&nbsp;kW / 660&nbsp;bhp
+| 94&nbsp;[[tonne|t]] / 208,000&nbsp;lb
+| 5.21&nbsp;W/kg / 315&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Alberto Contador]]'s [[Alberto Contador#2009 Verbier climb|Verbier climb]] [[2009 Tour de France]] on [[Specialized Bicycle Components|Specialized]] bike<ref name="vam"/>
+| 420&nbsp;W / 0.56&nbsp;bhp
+| 62&nbsp;kg / 137&nbsp;lb
+| 6.7&nbsp;W/kg / 245&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Force Motors]] Minidor Diesel 499&nbsp;cc [[auto rickshaw]]<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.forcemotors.com/media/downloads/DIESEL3SEATER.pdf|title=Minidor Diesel 3-seater|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[Force Motors]]}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://balajiforce.com/threeWheelers.aspx?id=2|publisher=Balaji Force|accessdate=2010-01-08|title=Balaji Force Minidor Autorickshaw}}</ref>
+| 6.6&nbsp;kW / 8.8&nbsp;bhp
+| 700&nbsp;kg / 1543&nbsp;lb
+| 9 W/kg / 175&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[PRR Q2]] [[4-4-6-4]] [[steam locomotive]] with [[Tender (rail)|tender]] 1944
+| 5,956&nbsp;kW / 7,987&nbsp;bhp
+| 475.9&nbsp;[[tonne|t]] / 1,049,100&nbsp;lb
+| 12.5 W/kg / 131&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz Citaro|Citaro O530BZ]] [[Hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]] [[fuel cell bus]] 2002<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ally|first1=Jamie|last2=Pryor|first2=Trevor|title=Life-cycle assessment of diesel, natural gas and hydrogen fuel cell bus transportation systems|journal=Journal of Power Sources|volume=170|pages=401–411|issue=2|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|location=Research Institute for Sustainable Energy, [[Murdoch University]], [[Perth, Western Australia]], [[Australia]]|date=2007-04-25|accessdate=2010-07-24|doi=10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.036|issn=0378-7753}}</ref>
+| 205&nbsp;kW / 275&nbsp;bhp
+| 14,500&nbsp;kg / 32,000&nbsp;lb
+| 14.1&nbsp;W/kg / 116&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[TGV]] [[British Rail Class 373|BR Class 373]] [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] [[Eurostar]] Trainset 1993
+| 12,240&nbsp;kW / 16,414&nbsp;bhp
+| 816&nbsp;[[tonne|t]] / 1,798,972&nbsp;lb
+| 15 W/kg / 110&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[General Dynamics]] [[M1 Abrams]] [[Main battle tank]] 1980<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mil/factfiles/equipment/tracked/abrams.html|title=Abrams Tank Fact File for the United States Army|accessdate=2011-02-19|publisher=US Army}}</ref>
+| 1,119&nbsp;kW / 1500&nbsp;bhp
+| 55.7&nbsp;[[tonne|t]] / 122,800&nbsp;lb
+| 20.1 W/kg / 81.9&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[British Rail Class 43 (HST)|BR Class 43]] [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] [[diesel electric locomotive]] 1975
+| 1,678&nbsp;kW / 2,250&nbsp;bhp
+| 70.25&nbsp;[[tonne|t]] / 154,875&nbsp;lb
+| 23.9 W/kg / 69&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[GE Transportation Systems|GE]] [[GE AC6000CW|AC6000CW]] [[diesel electric locomotive]] 1996
+| 4,660&nbsp;kW / 6,250&nbsp;bhp
+| 192&nbsp;[[tonne|t]] / 423,000&nbsp;lb
+| 24.3 W/kg / 68&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[British Rail Class 55|BR Class 55]] [[Napier Deltic]] [[diesel electric locomotive]] 1961
+| 2,460&nbsp;kW / 3,300&nbsp;bhp
+| 101&nbsp;[[tonne|t]] / 222,667&nbsp;lb
+| 24.4 W/kg / 68&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[International CXT]] 2004<ref>{{cite web|first=Jay|last=Leno|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotive/jay_leno_garage/1368287.html|title=A Tonka Toy comes to life--really big life.|date=March 2005|publisher=Popular Mechanics}}</ref>
+| 164&nbsp;kW / 220&nbsp;bhp
+| 6,577&nbsp;kg / 14500&nbsp;lb
+| 25 W/kg / 66&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ford Model T]] 2.9&nbsp;L [[Flexible fuel vehicle|flex-fuel]] 1908
+| 15&nbsp;kW / 20&nbsp;bhp
+| 540&nbsp;kg / 1,200&nbsp;lb
+| 28 W/kg / 60&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Th!nk City|TH!NK City]] 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thinkev.com/The-THINK-City/Specifications/Technical-data/|title=TH!NK City - Specifications - Technical Data|accessdate=2010-09-13|publisher=[[Th!nk|TH!NK Global]]}}</ref>
+| 30&nbsp;kW / 40&nbsp;bhp
+| 1038&nbsp;kg / 2,288&nbsp;lb
+| 28.9 W/kg / 56.9&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Messerschmitt KR200]] Kabinenroller 191&nbsp;cc 1955
+| 6&nbsp;kW / 8.2&nbsp;bhp
+| 230&nbsp;kg / 506&nbsp;lb
+| 30 W/kg / 50&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Wright Flyer]] 1903
+| 9&nbsp;kW / 12&nbsp;bhp
+| 274&nbsp;kg / 605&nbsp;lb
+| 33 W/kg / 50&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Tata Nano]] 624 cc 2008
+| 26&nbsp;kW / 35&nbsp;bhp
+| 635&nbsp;kg / 1,400&nbsp;lb
+| 41.0 W/kg / 40&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] [[JetTrain]] [[High-speed rail|high-speed]] [[gas turbine-electric locomotive]] 2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://canadair.ca/en/1_0/1_10/1_10_2_1.jsp?menu=1_0|title=Bombardier Transportation - Rail Vehicles - Intercity/Highspeed - JetTrain|accessdate=2010-07-24|date=June 2000}}</ref>
+| 3,750&nbsp;kW / 5,029&nbsp;bhp
+| 90,750&nbsp;kg / 200,000&nbsp;lb
+| 41.2 W/kg / 39.8&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Suzuki MightyBoy]] 543&nbsp;cc 1988
+| 23&nbsp;kW / 31&nbsp;bhp
+| 550&nbsp;kg / 1,213&nbsp;lb
+| 42 W/kg / 39&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Mitsubishi i MiEV]] 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/special/ev/whatis/index.html|title=About i MiEV|accessdate=2010-06-03|date=July 2008|publisher=Mitsubishi Motors}}</ref>
+| 47&nbsp;kW / 63&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,080&nbsp;kg / 2,381&nbsp;lb
+| 43.5 W/kg / 37.8&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Holden FJ]] 2,160&nbsp;cc 1953<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/holden_FJ_technical_specifications.htm|title=Holden FJ Technical Specifications|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=Unique Cars and Parts}}</ref>
+| 44.7&nbsp;kW / 60&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,021&nbsp;kg / 2,250&nbsp;lb
+| 43.8 W/kg / 37.5&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Chevrolet Kodiak]]/[[GMC Topkick]] LYE 6.6&nbsp;L 2005<ref name="gmduramax"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/car/05q4/gmc_topkick_c4500_by_monroe_truck_equipment-mini_test_road_test/specs_page_2|title=GMC TopKick C4500 by Monroe Truck Equipment - Specs; Hummer This|publisher=Car And Driver|accessdate=2010-01-15|date=November 2005|first=Tony|last=Quiroga}}</ref>
+| 246&nbsp;kW / 330&nbsp;bhp
+| 5126&nbsp;kg / 11,300&nbsp;lb
+| 48 W/kg / 34.2&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[United States Department of Energy|DOE]]/[[NASA]]/0032-28 [[Chevrolet Celebrity]] 502&nbsp;cc [[Stirling engine|ASE]] Mod II 1985<ref name="nasa_ase"/>
+| 62.3&nbsp;kW / 83.5&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,297&nbsp;kg / 2,860&nbsp;lb
+| 48.0 W/kg / 34.3&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Suzuki Alto]] 796&nbsp;cc 2000
+| 35&nbsp;kW / 46&nbsp;bhp
+| 720&nbsp;kg / 1,587&nbsp;lb
+| 49 W/kg / 35&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Land Rover Defender]] 2.4&nbsp;L 1990<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=11729&modelId=11730&editionId=11781#tabsection3|title=Land Rover Defender 4×4 110 2.4D Hard Top 5dr|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]}}</ref>
+| 90&nbsp;kW / 121&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,837&nbsp;kg / 4,050&nbsp;lb
+| 49 W/kg / 33&nbsp;lb/hp
+|}
+=====Common power, (Listed as weight to power)=====
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Vehicle
+! Power
+! Weight
+! Weight-to-Power ratio
+|-
+| [[Toyota Prius]] 1.8&nbsp;L 2010 (petrol only)<ref name="prius">{{cite web|publisher=[[Toyota]]|title=Toyota Prius 2010 Performance &amp; Specifications|url=http://www.toyota.com/prius-hybrid/specs.html|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>
+| 73&nbsp;kW / 98&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,380&nbsp;kg / 3,042&nbsp;lb
+| 53 W/kg / 31&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Bajaj Platina]] [[Naked bike|Naked]] 100&nbsp;cc 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoindia.com/VehicleStyles/bike-car-details1086.html|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=AutoIndia|title=Details of Bajaj Platina 100 cc}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
+| 6&nbsp;kW / 8&nbsp;bhp
+| 113&nbsp;kg / 249&nbsp;lb
+| 53 W/kg / 31&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Subaru R2]] type S 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=117601|title=2003 Subaru R2 S Technical specifications|publisher=Car Folio|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>
+| 47&nbsp;kW / 63&nbsp;bhp
+| 830&nbsp;kg / 1,830&nbsp;lb
+| 57 W/kg / 29&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ford Fiesta]] ECOnetic 1.6&nbsp;L TDCi 5dr 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=1&modelId=1244&editionId=1507#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Ford Fiesta Hatchback 1.6 TDCi Econetic 5dr}}</ref>
+| 66&nbsp;kW / 89&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,155&nbsp;kg / 2,546&nbsp;lb
+| 57 W/kg / 29&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Volvo C30]] 1.6D DRIVe [[Start-stop system|S/S]] 3dr Hatch 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.volvocars.com/intl/All-Cars/Volvo-C30/Pages/default.aspx|accessdate=2010-03-16|publisher=[[Volvo]]|title=Volvo C30 - a Four-Seat Sports Coupé with High Performance}}</ref>
+| 80&nbsp;kW / 108&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,347&nbsp;kg / 2,970&nbsp;lb
+| 59.4 W/kg / 27.5&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ford Focus]] ECOnetic 1.6&nbsp;L TDCi 5dr Hatch 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=1&modelId=165&editionId=552#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Ford Focus Hatchback 1.6 TDCi 110 DPF ECOnetic 5dr}}</ref>
+| 81&nbsp;kW / 108&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,357&nbsp;kg / 2,992&nbsp;lb
+| 59.7 W/kg / 27&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ford Focus]] 1.8&nbsp;L Zetec S TDCi 5dr Hatch 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=1&modelId=165&editionId=619#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Ford Focus Hatchback 1.8 TDCi Zetec S 5dr}}</ref>
+| 84&nbsp;kW / 113&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,370&nbsp;kg / 3,020&nbsp;lb
+| 61 W/kg / 27&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Honda FCX Clarity]] 4&nbsp;kg Hydrogen 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.honda.com/environment/fuel_cells.aspx?id=fuel_cells_fcx|publisher=[[Honda]]|accessdate=2010-01-08|title=The History of the Honda FCX Clarity, Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle FCEV}}</ref>
+| 100&nbsp;kW / 134&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,600&nbsp;kg / 3,528&nbsp;lb
+| 63 W/kg / 26&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Hummer H1]] 6.6&nbsp;L V8 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internetautoguide.com/car-specifications/09-int/2006/hummer/h1/index.html|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=InternetAutoguide.com|title=2006 HUMMER H1 specifications}}</ref>
+| 224&nbsp;kW / 300&nbsp;bhp
+| 3,559&nbsp;kg / 7,847&nbsp;lb
+| 63 W/kg / 26&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Audi A2]] 1.4&nbsp;L TDI 90 type S 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=117601|title=2003 Audi A2 1.4 TDi Technical specifications|publisher=Car Folio|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>
+| 66&nbsp;kW / 89&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,030&nbsp;kg / 2,270&nbsp;lb
+| 64 W/kg / 25&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Opel]]/[[Vauxhall]]/[[Holden]]/[[Chevrolet]] [[Opel Astra|Astra]] 1.7&nbsp;L CTDi 125 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=2080&modelId=2199&editionId=31557#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-07-09|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Vauxhall Astra Hatchback 1.7 CDTi 125 Elite 5dr}}</ref>
+| 92&nbsp;kW / 123&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,393&nbsp;kg / 3,071&nbsp;lb
+| 66 W∕kg / 24.9&nbsp;lb∕hp
+|-
+| [[Mini (BMW)|Mini (new)]] Cooper 1.6D 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=29021&modelId=29090&editionId=29126#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Mini Cooper Hatchback 1.6D 3dr}}</ref>
+| 81&nbsp;kW / 108&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,185&nbsp;kg / 2,612&nbsp;lb
+| 68 W/kg / 24&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Toyota Prius]] 1.8&nbsp;L 2010 (electric boost)<ref name="prius"/>
+| 100&nbsp;kW / 134&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,380&nbsp;kg / 3,042&nbsp;lb
+| 72 W/kg / 23&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ford Focus]] 2.0&nbsp;L Zetec S TDCi 5dr Hatch 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=1&modelId=165&editionId=553#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Ford Focus Hatchback 1.8 TDCi Style 5dr}}</ref>
+| 100&nbsp;kW / 134&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,370&nbsp;kg / 3,020&nbsp;lb
+| 73 W/kg / 23&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] [[General Motors EV1|EV1]] [[electric car]] Gen II 1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=109186|title=1998 GM EV1 GenII Lead-Acid 2 door fixed-head coupe technical specifications|accessdate=2012-08-09|publisher=Car Folio}}</ref>
+| 102.2&nbsp;kW / 137&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,400&nbsp;kg / 3,086&nbsp;lb
+| 73 W/kg / 23&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Toyota Venza]] I4 2.7&nbsp;L [[Front-wheel drive|FWD]] 2009<ref name="toyotavenza">{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.com/venza/specs.html|accessdate=2010-11-06|title=Toyota Venza Performance & Specs|publisher=Toyota Motor North America|year=2010}}</ref>
+| 136&nbsp;kW / 182&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,706&nbsp;kg / 3,760&nbsp;lb
+| 80 W/kg / 20.7&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ford Focus]] 2.0&nbsp;L Zetec S 5dr Hatch 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=1&modelId=165&editionId=617#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Ford Focus Hatchback 2.0 Zetec S 5dr}}</ref>
+| 107&nbsp;kW / 143&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,327&nbsp;kg / 2,926&nbsp;lb
+| 81 W/kg / 20&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Fiat Grande Punto]] 1.6&nbsp;L Multijet 120 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=9434&modelId=10026&editionId=31419&makeId1=&modelId1=&editionId1=&makeId2=&modelId2=&editionId2=#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Fiat Grande Punto Hatchback 1.6 Multijet 120 Sporting 5dr}}</ref>
+| 88&nbsp;kW / 118&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,075&nbsp;kg / 2,370&nbsp;lb
+| 82 W/kg / 20&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Mini|Mini (classic)]] 1275GT 1969
+| 57&nbsp;kW / 76&nbsp;bhp
+| 686&nbsp;kg / 1,512&nbsp;lb
+| 83 W/kg / 20&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Opel]]/[[Vauxhall]]/[[Holden]]/[[Chevrolet]] [[Opel Astra|Astra]] 2.0&nbsp;L CTDi 160 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=2080&modelId=2199&editionId=31559#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-07-09|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Vauxhall Astra Hatchback 2.0 CDTi 160 Elite 5dr}}</ref>
+| 118&nbsp;kW / 158&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,393&nbsp;kg / 3,071&nbsp;lb
+| 85 W∕kg / 19.4&nbsp;lb∕hp
+|-
+| [[Ford Focus (North America)|Ford Focus]] 2.0 auto 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=176847|accessdate=2010-01-08|title=2007 Ford Focus 2.0 Automatic (US) Technical specifications}}</ref>
+| 104.4&nbsp;kW / 140&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,198&nbsp;kg / 2,641&nbsp;lb
+| 87.1 W/kg / 19&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Subaru Legacy|Subaru Legacy/Liberty]] 2.0R 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=131901|title=2005 Subaru Legacy 2.0R Technical specifications|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>
+| 121&nbsp;kW / 162&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,370&nbsp;kg / 3,020&nbsp;lb
+| 88 W/kg / 19&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Subaru Outback]] 2.5i 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=178321|title=2008 Subaru Legacy Outback 2.5i Technical specifications|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>
+| 130.5&nbsp;kW / 175&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,430&nbsp;kg / 3,153&nbsp;lb
+| 91 W/kg / 18&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Smart Fortwo]] 1.0&nbsp;L Brabus 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=28845&modelId=28846&editionId=28914&makeId1=&modelId1=&editionId1=&makeId2=&modelId2=&editionId2=#tabsection3|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]|title=Smart Fortwo Cabriolet 1.0 97 Brabus Xclusive (07-09) 2dr}}</ref>
+| 72&nbsp;kW / 97&nbsp;bhp
+| 780&nbsp;kg / 1,720&nbsp;lb
+| 92 W/kg / 18&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Toyota Venza]] V6 3.5&nbsp;L [[All wheel drive|AWD]] 2009<ref name="toyotavenza"/>
+| 200&nbsp;kW / 268&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,835&nbsp;kg / 4,045&nbsp;lb
+| 109 W/kg / 15&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Toyota Venza]] I4 2.7&nbsp;L [[Front-wheel drive|FWD]] 2009<ref name="toyotavenza"/> with [[Lotus Engineering|Lotus]] mass reduction<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theicct.org/pubs/Mass_reduction_final_2010.pdf|publisher=International Council on Clean Transportation|title=An Assessment of Mass Reduction Opportunities for a 2017–2020 Model Year Vehicle Program}}</ref>
+| 136&nbsp;kW / 182&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,210&nbsp;kg / 2,667&nbsp;lb
+| 112.2 W/kg / 14.7&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Toyota Hilux]] V6 [[DOHC]] 4&nbsp;L 4×2 Single Cab [[Pickup truck|Pickup]] [[Coupe utility|ute]] 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.com.au/TWR/content/static/74843.pdf|accessdate=2010-01-21|title=Toyota HiLux 4×2 Utes 2009|publisher=[[Toyota]]}}</ref>
+| 175&nbsp;kW / 235&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,555&nbsp;kg / 3,428&nbsp;lb
+| 112.5 W/kg / 14.6&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Toyota Venza]] V6 3.5&nbsp;L [[Front-wheel drive|FWD]] 2009<ref name="toyotavenza"/>
+| 200&nbsp;kW / 268&nbsp;bhp
+| 1,755&nbsp;kg / 3,870&nbsp;lb
+| 114 W/kg / 14.4&nbsp;lb/hp
+|}
+=====Performance luxury, roadsters and mild sports, (Listed as weight to power)=====
+Increased engine performance is a consideration, but also other features associated with [[luxury vehicle]]s. [[Longitudinal engine]]s are common. Bodies vary from [[hot hatch]]es, [[Sedan (automobile)|sedans (saloons)]], [[coupé]]s, [[Convertible (car)|convertibles]] and [[Roadster (automobile)|roadsters]]. Mid-range [[Dual-sport motorcycle|dual-sport]] and [[Cruiser (motorcycle)|cruiser]] motorcycles tend to have similar power-to-weight ratios.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Vehicle
+! Power
+! Weight
+! Weight-to-power ratio
+|-
+| [[Honda Accord]] [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]] V6 2011
+| 202&nbsp;kW / 271&nbsp;bhp
+| 1630&nbsp;kg / 3593&nbsp;lb
+| 124 W/kg / 13.26&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+|-
+| [[Mini (BMW)|Mini (new)]] Cooper 1.6T S JCW 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=29021&modelId=29090&editionId=29144#tabsection3|title=Mini Cooper Hatchback 1.6T S John Cooper Works 3dr|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]}}</ref>
+| 155&nbsp;kW / 208&nbsp;bhp
+| 1205&nbsp;kg / 2657&nbsp;lb
+| 129 W/kg / 13&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Mazda RX-8]] 1.3&nbsp;L [[Wankel engine|Wankel]] 2003
+| 173&nbsp;kW / 232&nbsp;bhp
+| 1309&nbsp;kg / 2888&nbsp;lb
+| 141 W/kg / 12&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Holden WM Caprice|Holden Statesman/Caprice / Buick Park Avenue / Daewoo Veritas]] 6&nbsp;L V8 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topspeed.com/cars/holden/2007-holden-wm-caprice-ar13106.html|publisher=Topspeed|accessdate=2010-01-08|title=2007 Holden WM Caprice}}</ref>
+| 270&nbsp;kW / 362&nbsp;bhp
+| 1891&nbsp;kg / 4170&nbsp;lb
+| 143 W/kg / 12&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Kawasaki KLR650]] Gasoline [[Dual-sport motorcycle|DualSport]] 650&nbsp;cc
+| 26&nbsp;kW / 35&nbsp;bhp
+| 182&nbsp;kg / 401&nbsp;lb
+| 143 W/kg / 11&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[NATO]] [[Diesel motorcycle#Hayes Diversified Technologies M1030M1|HTC M1030M1]] Diesel/[[JP-8|Jet fuel]] [[Dual-sport motorcycle|DualSport]] 670&nbsp;cc<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.dieselmotorcycles.com/PDF/M1030M1_JP8_Diesel_Military_US.pdf|title=M1030M1 JP8/Diesel Military Motorcycle|publisher=Hayes Diversified Technologies|accessdate=2009-02-28}}</ref>
+| 26&nbsp;kW / 35&nbsp;bhp
+| 182&nbsp;kg / 401&nbsp;lb
+| 143 W/kg / 11&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Softail#Harley-Davidson Softail|Harley-Davidson FLSTF Softail Fat Boy]] [[Cruiser (motorcycle)|Cruiser]] 1,584&nbsp;cc 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topspeed.com/motorcycles/motorcycle-reviews/harley-davidson/2009-harley-davidson-flstf-softail-fat-boy-ar73839.html|title=2009 Harley-Davidson FLSTF Softail Fat Boy Preview|publisher=Topspeed|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref>
+| 47&nbsp;kW / 63&nbsp;bhp
+| 324&nbsp;kg / 714&nbsp;lb
+| 145&nbsp;W/kg / 11.3&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[BMW 7 Series]] 760Li 6&nbsp;L V12 2006<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.bmwblog.com/docs/BMW_760i_760Li.pdf|publisher=[[BMW]]|accessdate=2010-01-08|date=March 2009|title=The new BMW 760i; The new BMW 760Li; Contents.}}</ref>
+| 327&nbsp;kW / 439&nbsp;bhp
+| 2250&nbsp;kg / 4960&nbsp;lb
+| 145 W/kg / 11&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Subaru Impreza WRX STi]] 2.0&nbsp;L 2008<ref>{{cite web|first=Dan|last=Edmunds|url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=123768|title=Full Test: 2008 Subaru Impreza WRX STI|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[Edmunds.com|edmunds InsideLine]]}}</ref>
+| 227&nbsp;kW / 304&nbsp;bhp
+| 1530&nbsp;kg / 3373&nbsp;lb
+| 148 W/kg / 11&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Honda S2000]] [[Roadster (automobile)|roadster]] 1999{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
+| 183.88&nbsp;kW / 240&nbsp;bhp
+| 1250&nbsp;kg / 2723&nbsp;lb
+| 150 W/kg / 11&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[HSV Clubsport|GMH HSV Clubsport / GMV VXR8 / GMC CSV CR8 / Pontiac G8]] 6&nbsp;L V8 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatcar.com/Review/EditionCompare?newOrUsed=New&makeId=2080&modelId=4102&editionId=4110#tabsection3|title=Vauxhall VXR8 Saloon 6.2 V8 Bathurst 4dr|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=[[What Car?]]}}</ref>
+| 317&nbsp;kW / 425&nbsp;bhp
+| 1831&nbsp;kg / 4037&nbsp;lb
+| 173 W/kg / 9.5&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Tesla Roadster]] 2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teslamotors.com/roadster/specs#specs-2|title=Roadster Features and Specifications|publisher=[[Tesla Motors|Tesla Motors, Inc.]].|accessdate=2011-07-31}}</ref>
+| 215&nbsp;kW / 288&nbsp;bhp
+| 1235&nbsp;kg / 2723&nbsp;lb
+| 174 W/kg / 9.5&nbsp;lb/hp
+|}
+====Sports vehicles and aircraft, (Listed as weight to power) ====
+Power-to-weight ratio is an important vehicle characteristic that affects the acceleration and handling - and therefore the driving enjoyment - of any sports vehicle.
+Aircraft also depend on high power-to-weight ratio to achieve sufficient [[Lift (force)|lift]].
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Vehicle
+! Power
+! Weight
+! Weight-to-power ratio
+|-
+| [[Lotus Elise]] SC 2008
+| 163&nbsp;kW / 218&nbsp;bhp
+| 910&nbsp;kg / 2006&nbsp;lb
+| 179 W/kg / 9&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ferrari Testarossa]] 1984
+| 291&nbsp;kW / 390&nbsp;bhp
+| 1506&nbsp;kg / 3320&nbsp;lb
+| 193 W/kg / 9&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Artega GT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorauthority.com/news/coupes/artega-launches-gt-with-special-edition-model/|title=Artega GT now on sale|publisher=Motor Authority|accessdate=2010-01-08|first=Viknesh|last=Vijayenthiran}}</ref>
+| 220&nbsp;kW / 300&nbsp;bhp
+| 1100&nbsp;kg / 2425&nbsp;lb
+| 200 W/kg / 8&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Lotus Exige]] GT3 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=166628|title=2006 Lotus Exige GT3 Technical specifications|accessdate=2010-01-08|publisher=Car Folio}}</ref>
+| 202.1&nbsp;kW / 271&nbsp;bhp
+| 980&nbsp;kg / 2160&nbsp;lb
+| 206 W/kg / 8&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Chevrolet Corvette C6]]<ref name="corvette_c6">{{cite web|url=http://autos.msn.com/research/vip/spec_Exterior.aspx?year=2008&make=Chevrolet&model=Corvette&trimid=-1|publisher=MSN Autos|title=2008 Chevrolet Corvette|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>
+| 321&nbsp;kW / 430&nbsp;bhp
+| 1441&nbsp;kg / 3177&nbsp;lb
+| 223 W/kg / 7&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Suzuki V-Strom 650]] [[V-twin engine|V-twin]] [[Dual-sport motorcycle|DualSport]] 650&nbsp;cc
+| 50&nbsp;kW / 67&nbsp;bhp
+| 194&nbsp;kg / 427&nbsp;lb
+| 258&nbsp;W/kg / 6.4&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Chevrolet Corvette C6]] Z06<ref name="corvette_c6"/>
+| 376&nbsp;kW / 505&nbsp;bhp
+| 1421&nbsp;kg / 3133&nbsp;lb
+| 265 W/kg / 6.2&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Porsche 997|Porsche 911 GT2]] 2007
+| 390&nbsp;kW / 523&nbsp;bhp
+| 1440&nbsp;kg / 3200&nbsp;lb
+| 271 W/kg / 6.1&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Lamborghini Murciélago]] LP 670-4 SV 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorstars.org/documenti/lamborghini_murcielago_lp_670-4_superveloce_-_en.pdf|publisher=MotorStars|accessdate=2010-03-24|title=Press Release - Lamborghini Murciélago LP 670-4 SuperVeloce – the new king of the bulls - is even more powerful, lighter and faster}}</ref>
+| 493&nbsp;kW / 661&nbsp;bhp <!-- 670 PS -->
+| 1550&nbsp;kg / 3417&nbsp;lb
+| 318 W/kg / 5.1&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[McLaren F1]] GT 1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=77319|publisher=Car Folio|accessdate=2010-01-08|title=1997 McLaren F1 GT Technical specifications}}</ref>
+| 467.6&nbsp;kW / 627&nbsp;bhp
+| 1220&nbsp;kg / 2690&nbsp;lb
+| 403 W/kg / 4.3&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Bombardier Aerospace|Bombardier]] [[Bombardier Dash 8|Dash 8]] Q400 [[turboprop]] [[airliner]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.bombardier.com/q400/en/specifications.jsp|title=Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 Specifications|accessdate=2010-07-24|publisher=[[Bombardier Aerospace]]|year=1997}}</ref>
+| 7,562&nbsp;kW / 10,142&nbsp;bhp
+| 17,185&nbsp;kg / 37,888&nbsp;lb
+| 440 W/kg / 3.7&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Supermarine Spitfire]] [[Fighter aircraft]] 1936
+| 1,096&nbsp;kW / 1,470&nbsp;bhp
+| 2,309&nbsp;kg / 5,090&nbsp;lb
+| 475 W/kg / 3.46&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] [[Fighter aircraft]] 1935
+| 1,085&nbsp;kW / 1,455&nbsp;bhp
+| 2,247&nbsp;kg / 4,954&nbsp;lb
+| 483 W/kg / 3.40&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Thunderbolt (car)|Thunderbolt]] [[Land speed record]] car
+| 3504&nbsp;kW / 4700&nbsp;bhp
+| 7&nbsp;t / 15432&nbsp;lb
+| 500 W/kg / 3.28&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ferrari FXX]] 2005
+| 597&nbsp;kW / 801&nbsp;bhp
+| 1155&nbsp;kg / 2546&nbsp;lb
+| 517 W/kg / 3.2&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Polaris Industries]] Assault Snowmobile 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polarisindustries.com/en-us/Snowmobiles/2009/DeepSnow/800ASSAULTRMK/Pages/Specifications.aspx|publisher=Polaris Industries|title=2009 Polaris 800 Assault RMK146 Snowmobile Specifications & Price|accessdate=2010-01-19}}</ref>
+| 115&nbsp;kW / 154&nbsp;bhp
+| 221&nbsp;kg / 487&nbsp;lb
+| 523 W/kg / 3.16&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ultima GTR]] 720 2006<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supercarworld.com/cgi-bin/showgeneral.cgi?362|publisher=SupercarWorld|title=Ultima GTR 720  (2006 - date)|accessdate=2010-01-08}}</ref>
+| 536.9&nbsp;kW / 720&nbsp;bhp
+| 920&nbsp;kg / 2183&nbsp;lb
+| 583 W/kg / 3&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Honda CBR1000RR]] 2009
+| 133&nbsp;kW / 178&nbsp;bhp
+| 199&nbsp;kg / 439&nbsp;lb
+| 668 W/kg / 2.5&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Ariel Atom]] 500 V8 2011
+| 372&nbsp;kW / 500&nbsp;bhp
+| 550&nbsp;kg / 1212&nbsp;lb
+| 676.3 W/kg / 2.45&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Peugeot 208 T16]] Pikes Peak 2013
+| 652&nbsp;kW / 875&nbsp;bhp
+| 875&nbsp;kg / 1930&nbsp;lb
+| 745 W/kg / 2.2&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[KillaCycle]] [[Drag racing]] [[Electric motorcycles and scooters|electric motorcycle]]
+| 260&nbsp;kW / 350&nbsp;bhp
+| 281&nbsp;kg / 619&nbsp;lb
+| 925 W/kg / 1.77&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[MTT Turbine Superbike]] 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://marineturbine.com/downloads/2008_Turbine_SUPERBIKE_brochure.pdf|publisher=Marine Turbine|accessdate=2010-01-08|title=The MTT Turbine Superbike}}</ref>
+| 213.3&nbsp;kW / 286&nbsp;bhp
+| 227&nbsp;kg / 500&nbsp;lb
+| 940 W/kg / 1.75&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Vyrus]] 987 C3 4V V supercharged motorcycle 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorcycle.com/manufacturer/2010-vyrus-987-review-89399.html|publisher=Motorcycle.com|accessdate=2010-04-14|title=2010 Vyrus 987 Review}}</ref>
+| 157.3&nbsp;kW / 211&nbsp;bhp
+| 158&nbsp;kg / 348.3&nbsp;lb
+| 996 W/kg / 1.65&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[BMW]] [[Williams FW27]] [[Formula One]] 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.f1technical.net/f1db/cars/895|publisher=F1 Technical|accessdate=2010-01-12|title=Williams FW27}}</ref>
+| 690&nbsp;kW / 925&nbsp;bhp
+| 600&nbsp;kg / 1323&nbsp;lb
+| 1150&nbsp;W/kg / 1.43&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Honda RC211V]] MotoGP 2004-6
+| 176.73&nbsp;kW / 237&nbsp;bhp
+| 148&nbsp;kg / 326&nbsp;lb
+| 1194 W/kg / 1.37&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-300]]<ref name="gelm6000"/> at Mach 0.84 cruise, 35,000&nbsp;ft altitude{{Disputed-inline|Jet Engines|date=December 2011}}
+| 245&nbsp;MW / 328,656&nbsp;bhp <!-- 4 GE CF6-80C2B1 engines: 4x 247kN thrust at 893 km/h ~ Mach 0.84 ~ 248 m/s -->
+| 178.1&nbsp;t / 392,800&nbsp;lb
+| 1376 W/kg / 1.20&nbsp;lb/hp
+|-
+| [[John Force Racing]] [[Funny Car]] [[NHRA]] [[Drag Racing]] 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://automobile.automotive.com/70233/0805-john-force-funny-car-legend/index.html|publisher=Automobile Magazine|accessdate=2010-09-10|title=John Force - Funny Car Legend}}</ref>
+| 5,963.60&nbsp;kW / 8,000&nbsp;bhp
+| 1043&nbsp;kg / 2,300&nbsp;lb
+| 5717 W/kg / 0.30&nbsp;lb/hp
+|}
+==See also==
+* [[Thrust-to-weight ratio]]
+* [[Vehicle metrics]]
+* [[Energy density]]
+* [[Propulsive efficiency]]
+==References==
+{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
+== External links ==
+* [http://measurespeed.com/power-to-weight-ratio-calculator.php Measurespeed.com - Power to Weight Ratio Calculator]
+{{DEFAULTSORT:Power-To-Weight Ratio}}
+[[Category:Mechanics]]
+[[Category:Power (physics)]]
+[[Category:Engineering ratios]]

Western text-type: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 11:30, 12 December 2013

Power-to-weight (specific power)

Physical interpretation

Propulsive power

Engine power

Examples

Engines

Heat engines and heat pumps

Electric motors/Electromotive generators

Fluid engines and fluid pumps

Thermoelectric generators and electrothermal actuators

Electrochemical (galvanic) and electrostatic cell systems

(Closed cell) batteries

Electrostatic, electrolytic and electrochemical capacitors

Fuel cell stacks and flow cell batteries

Photovoltaics

Vehicles

Utility and practical vehicles

Notable low ratio, (listed as weight to power)

Common power, (Listed as weight to power)

Performance luxury, roadsters and mild sports, (Listed as weight to power)

Sports vehicles and aircraft, (Listed as weight to power)

See also

References

External links

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