Dirichlet kernel

Bethe-Slater curve: elements above the horizontal axis are ferromagnetic, below the axis are antiferromagnetic

Bethe-Slater curve is a graphical representation of exchange energy for transition metals as a function of the ratio of the interatomic distance a to the radius r of the 3d electron shell.

The curve illustrates why certain metals are ferromagnetic and other antiferromagnetic.

For a pair of atoms, the exchange interaction w_ij (responsible for the energy E) is calculated as:

$w_{ij}=-2\cdot J\cdot S_{i}\cdot S_{j}$

where: J - exchange integral, S - electron spins,i and j - indices of the two atoms.

References

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