File:Quine's qualitative sphere.pdf
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Summary
| Description |
English: Example for Quine's notion of a "qualitative sphere", used in his article "Natural Kinds" (1970). In analogy to the definition of a circle area in geometry, Quine's sphere is defined as the set of all objects x that are more similar to a "paradigm" object p than p is to a "foil" object f. This way, the notion of a "natural kind" could be defined in terms of "similarity" (Quine investigated both notions in a comment on Goodman's new riddle of induction). The example shows the sphere for a natural kind "red objects". A problem discussed by Quine is that a general notion of similarity, rather than similarity with respect to color, would hardly generate the shown sphere, as e.g. a red paprika might be considered more similar to a yellow one than to a fire engine. |
| Date | |
| Source | Own work, based on the images File:Cherry_Stella444_edit.jpg / File:Capsicum_-_red_chili_chilli_-_piment_rouge_-_roter_Chili_01.jpg / File:2450450350053238630NHunwh_fs.jpg / File:Fire-Extinguisher.JPG / File:2006-10-25_Amanita_muscaria_crop.jpg / File:Orange_Fruit_Close-up.jpg / File:Poivrons_Luc_Viatour.jpg / File:Radishes_at_Wilson_Farm,_Lexington_MA.jpg / File:Big_strawberries_for_sale_in_Jerusalem.jpg / File:Tomatoes_plain_and_sliced.jpg from commons.wikimedia.org |
| Author | Jochen Burghardt |
| Other versions | File:Quine's qualitative sphere svg.svg |
| LaTeX source code |
|---|
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[pdftex]{color}
\usepackage[paperwidth=450mm,paperheight=430mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-36mm}
\setlength{\textwidth}{450mm}
\setlength{\textheight}{430mm}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-23mm}
\setlength{\parindent}{0cm}
\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
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%
\put(150.000,100.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{fireExtinguisher.jpg}}}%
\put(110.000,190.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[width=50mm]{tomatoes.jpg}}}%
\put(150.000,300.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{chili.jpg}}}%
%
\put(250.000,60.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{fireEngine.jpg}}}%
\put(250.000,200.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{paprikaRed.jpg}}}%
\put(250.000,340.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{cherries.jpg}}}%
%
\put(350.000,100.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{flyAgarics.jpg}}}%
\put(390.000,200.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{radish.jpg}}}%
\put(350.000,300.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{strawberries.jpg}}}%
%
\put(29.000,200.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{orange.jpg}}}%
%
\put(30.000,330.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{paprikaYellow.jpg}}}%
\put(70.000,400.000){\makebox(0.000,0.000){\includegraphics[height=50mm]{paprikaGreen.jpg}}}%
%
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\end{document}
%%%%% original file names of images from commons.wikimedia.org:
% cherries.jpg Cherry_Stella444_edit.jpg
% chili.jpg Capsicum_-_red_chili_chilli_-_piment_rouge_-_roter_Chili_01.jpg
% fireEngine.jpg 2450450350053238630NHunwh_fs.jpg
% fireExtinguisher.jpg Fire-Extinguisher.JPG
% flyAgarics.jpg 2006-10-25_Amanita_muscaria_crop.jpg
% orange.jpg Orange_Fruit_Close-up.jpg
% paprikaGreen.jpg Poivrons_Luc_Viatour.jpg
% paprikaRed.jpg Poivrons_Luc_Viatour.jpg
% paprikaYellow.jpg Poivrons_Luc_Viatour.jpg
% radish.jpg Radishes_at_Wilson_Farm,_Lexington_MA.jpg
% strawberries.jpg Big_strawberries_for_sale_in_Jerusalem.jpg
% tomatoes.jpg Tomatoes_plain_and_sliced.jpg
|
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 21:50, 19 February 2014 |  | 2,656 × 2,537 (2.21 MB) | wikimediacommons>Jochen Burghardt | User created page with UploadWizard |
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