Summary

DescriptionGreatStellatedDodecahedron.jpg	English: Great stellated dodecahedron, rendered with POVRay   This image was created with POV-Ray.
Source	Own work
Author	User Cyp

This image was uploaded in the JPEG format even though it consists of non-photographic data. This information could be stored more efficiently or accurately in the PNG or SVG format. If possible, please upload a PNG or SVG version of this image without compression artifacts, derived from a non-JPEG source (or with existing artifacts removed). After doing so, please tag the JPEG version with {{Superseded|NewImage.ext}} and remove this tag. This tag should not be applied to photographs or scans. If this image is a diagram or other image suitable for vectorisation, please tag this image with {{Convert to SVG}} instead of {{BadJPEG}}. If not suitable for vectorisation, use {{Convert to PNG}}. For more information, see {{BadJPEG}}.

Licensing

I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses:

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue

	This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
	You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
	This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL licensing update.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic, 2.0 Generic and 1.0 Generic license.

You are free:

• to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
• to remix – to adapt the work

Under the following conditions:

• attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
• share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5CC BY-SA 2.5 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 truetrue

You may select the license of your choice.

Source

//GPL
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

#include <vector>

using std::vector;

const char *theader = "//Picture   ***  Use flashiness=1 !!! ***\n//\n//   +w1024 +h1024 +a0.3 +am2\n//   +w512 +h512 +a0.3 +am2\n//\n//Movie   ***  Use flashiness=0.25 !!! ***\n//\n//   +kc +kff120 +w256 +h256 +a0.3 +am2\n//   +kc +kff60 +w256 +h256 +a0.3 +am2\n//\"Fast\" preview\n//   +w128 +h128\n#declare notwireframe=1;\n#declare withreflection=0;\n#declare flashiness=1; //Still pictures use 1, animated should probably be about 0.25.\n\n#declare rotation=seed(%d);\n\n#declare rot1=rand(rotation)*pi*2;\n#declare rot2=acos(1-2*rand(rotation));\n#declare rot3=(rand(rotation)+clock)*pi*2;\n#macro dorot()\n  rotate rot1*180/pi*y\n  rotate rot2*180/pi*x\n  rotate rot3*180/pi*y\n#end\n\n";

const char *tline = "object {\n  cylinder { <%lf,%lf,%lf>, <%lf,%lf,%lf>, .01 dorot() }\n  pigment { colour <.3,.3,.3> }\n  finish { ambient 0 diffuse 1 phong 1 }\n}\n\n";

const char *tvertex = "object {\n  sphere { <%lf,%lf,%lf>, .01 dorot() }\n  pigment { colour <.3,.3,.3> }\n  finish { ambient 0 diffuse 1 phong 1 }\n}\n\n";

const char *tstartmesh = "object {\n  mesh {\n";

const char *ttriangle = "    triangle {\n      <%lf,%lf,%lf>, <%lf,%lf,%lf>, <%lf,%lf,%lf>\n    }\n";

const char *tendmesh = "    //sphere { <0,0,0>, 1 }\n    //sphere { <0,0,0>, ld+.01 inverse }\n    dorot()\n  }\n  pigment { colour rgbt <.8,.8,.8,.4> }\n  finish { ambient 0 diffuse 1 phong flashiness #if(withreflection) reflection { .2 } #end }\n  //interior { ior 1.5 }\n  photons {\n    target on\n    refraction on\n    reflection on\n    collect on\n  }\n}\n\n";

const char *tfooter = "//  CCC Y Y PP\n//  C   Y Y P P\n//  C    Y  PP\n//  C    Y  P\n//  CCC  Y  P\n\n#local a=0;\n#while(a<11.0001)\n  light_source { <4*sin(a*pi*2/11), 5*cos(a*pi*6/11), -4*cos(a*pi*2/11)> colour (1+<sin(a*pi*2/11),sin(a*pi*2/11+pi*2/3),sin(a*pi*2/11+pi*4/3)>)*2/11 }\n  #local a=a+1;\n#end\n\nbackground { color <1,1,1> }\n\ncamera {\n  perspective\n  location <0,0,0>\n  direction <0,0,1>\n  right x/2\n  up y/2\n  sky <0,1,0>\n  location <0,0,-4.8>\n  look_at <0,0,0>\n}\n\nglobal_settings {\n  max_trace_level 40\n  photons {\n    count 200000\n    autostop 0\n  }\n}\n";

#define PHI ((1+sqrt(5))/2)
#define PI (3.14159265358979323846264338327)
#define SQ2 (sqrt(2))
#define SQ3 (sqrt(3))

bool eq(double a, double b)
{
    return a+0.00001>=b&&b+0.00001>=a;
}

bool eqt(double a1, double a2, double a3, double b1, double b2, double b3)
{
//printf("Tri: {%lf, %lf, %lf}, {%lf, %lf, %lf}\n", a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3);
    return eq(a1, b1)? eq(a2, b2)? eq(a3, b3):eq(a2, b3)&&eq(a3, b2):eq(a1, b2)? eq(a2, b3)? eq(a3, b1):eq(a2, b1)&&eq(a3, b3):eq(a1, b3)&&(eq(a2, b1)? eq(a3, b2):eq(a2, b3)&&eq(a3, b2));
}

class vec
{
public:
    double x, y, z;
    vec() : x(0), y(0), z(0) {}
    vec(double nx, double ny, double nz) : x(nx), y(ny), z(nz) {}
    vec operator + (vec o)
    {
        return vec(x+o.x, y+o.y, z+o.z);
    }
    vec operator - (vec o)
    {
        return vec(x-o.x, y-o.y, z-o.z);
    }
    double operator * (vec o)
    {
        return x*o.x+y*o.y+z*o.z;
    }
    vec operator * (double o)
    {
        return vec(x*o, y*o, z*o);
    }
    vec operator ^ (vec o)
    {
        return vec(y*o.z-z*o.y, z*o.x-x*o.z, x*o.y-y*o.x);
    }
    double norm()
    {
        return sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z);
    }
};

class vec2
{
public:
    double x, y;
    vec2() {}
    vec2(double nx, double ny) : x(nx), y(ny) {}
    vec2 operator + (vec2 o)
    {
        return vec2(x+o.x, y+o.y);
    }
    vec2 operator - (vec2 o)
    {
        return vec2(x-o.x, y-o.y);
    }
    double operator * (vec2 o)
    {
        return x*o.x+y*o.y;
    }
    vec2 operator * (double o)
    {
        return vec2(x*o, y*o);
    }
    vec2 operator ~ ()
    {
        return vec2(y, -x);
    }
    double norm()
    {
        return sqrt(x*x+y*y);
    }
};

vector<vec> cyclicperm(vector<vec> v)
{
    vector<vec> r;
    vector<vec>::iterator i;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); ++i)
    {
        r.push_back(*i);
        r.push_back(vec(i->y, i->z, i->x));
        r.push_back(vec(i->z, i->x, i->y));
    }
    return r;
}

vector<vec> altperm(vector<vec> v)
{
    vector<vec> r;
    vector<vec>::iterator i;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); ++i)
    {
        r.push_back(*i);
        r.push_back(vec(i->x, i->z, i->y));
    }
    return r;
}

vector<vec> signperm(vector<vec> v)
{
    vector<vec> r;
    vector<vec>::iterator i;
    for( i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); ++i )
    {
        int j;
        for(j = 0; j<8; ++j)
            if(((j&1)||i->x)&&((j&2)||i->y)&&((j&4)||i->z))
                r.push_back(vec(j&1? i->x:-i->x, j&2? i->y:-i->y, j&4? i->z:-i->z));
    }
    return r;
}

vector<vec> mvvec(double x, double y, double z)
{
    vector<vec> v;
    v.push_back(vec(x, y, z));
    return v;
}

vector<vec> mvvec(vec q)
{
    vector<vec> v;
    v.push_back(q);
    return v;
}

vector<vec> concat(const vector<vec> a, const vector<vec> b)
{
    vector<vec> r;
    r = a;
    r.insert(r.end(), b.begin(), b.end());
    return r;
}

void printvvec(FILE *f, vector<vec> v)
{
    vector<vec>::iterator i;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); ++i)
        fprintf(f, tvertex, i->x, i->y, i->z);
}

void printvveclines(FILE *f, vector<vec> v, double len)
{
    vector<vec>::iterator i, j;
    len *= len;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); ++i)
        for(j = i+1; j!=v.end(); ++j)
            if(eq((*i-*j)*(*i-*j), len))
                fprintf(f, tline, i->x, i->y, i->z, j->x, j->y, j->z);
}

void printvveclines(FILE *f, vector<vec> v)
{
    vector<vec>::iterator i;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); i += 2)
        fprintf(f, tline, i->x, i->y, i->z, (i+1)->x, (i+1)->y, (i+1)->z);
}

void printvvecdottedlines(FILE *f, vector<vec> v)
{
    vector<vec>::iterator i;
    int n, m;
    double s;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); i += 2)
//    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.begin()+12; i += 2)
    {
        s = (*i-*(i+1)).norm();
        m = (int)(s/0.04+.5);
        s = 1./(double)m;
        for(n = 1; n<m; ++n)
        {
            vec c = *i+(*(i+1)-*i)*(s*n);
            fprintf(f, tvertex, c.x, c.y, c.z);
        }
    }
}

void printvvectriangles(FILE *f, vector<vec> v, double len1, double len2, double len3)
{
    vector<vec>::iterator i, j, k;
    len1 *= len1;
    len2 *= len2;
    len3 *= len3;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); ++i)
        for(j = i+1; j!=v.end(); ++j)
            for(k = j+1; k!=v.end(); ++k)
                if(eqt((*i-*j)*(*i-*j), (*j-*k)*(*j-*k), (*k-*i)*(*k-*i), len1, len2, len3))
                    fprintf(f, ttriangle, i->x, i->y, i->z, j->x, j->y, j->z, k->x, k->y, k->z);
}

void printvvectriangles(FILE *f, vector<vec> v)
{
    vector<vec>::iterator i;
    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); i += 3)
//i = v.begin();
        fprintf(f, ttriangle, i->x, i->y, i->z, (i+1)->x, (i+1)->y, (i+1)->z, (i+2)->x, (i+2)->y, (i+2)->z);
/*i += 3;
        fprintf(f, ttriangle, i->x, i->y, i->z, (i+1)->x, (i+1)->y, (i+1)->z, (i+2)->x, (i+2)->y, (i+2)->z);
i += 3;
        fprintf(f, ttriangle, i->x, i->y, i->z, (i+1)->x, (i+1)->y, (i+1)->z, (i+2)->x, (i+2)->y, (i+2)->z);
i += 3;
        fprintf(f, ttriangle, i->x, i->y, i->z, (i+1)->x, (i+1)->y, (i+1)->z, (i+2)->x, (i+2)->y, (i+2)->z);
i += 3;
        fprintf(f, ttriangle, i->x, i->y, i->z, (i+1)->x, (i+1)->y, (i+1)->z, (i+2)->x, (i+2)->y, (i+2)->z);
i += 3;
        fprintf(f, ttriangle, i->x, i->y, i->z, (i+1)->x, (i+1)->y, (i+1)->z, (i+2)->x, (i+2)->y, (i+2)->z);
*/}

void SmallStellatedDodecahedron()
{
    vector<vec> v;
    v = cyclicperm(signperm(mvvec(vec(0, PHI, 1)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)))));

    FILE *f;
    f = fopen("SmallStellatedDodecahedron.pov", "wb");
    fprintf(f, theader, 22491);
    printvvec(f, v);
    printvveclines(f, v, 2*PHI*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)));
    fprintf(f, tstartmesh);
    v = concat(v, cyclicperm(signperm(mvvec(vec(0, 2-PHI, 1)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2))))));
    v = concat(v, signperm(mvvec(vec(PHI-1, PHI-1, PHI-1)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)))));
    printvvectriangles(f, v, (2*PHI-2)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)), (2*PHI-2)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)), (4-2*PHI)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)));
    fprintf(f, tendmesh);
    fprintf(f, tfooter);
    fclose(f);
}

void GreatStellatedDodecahedron()
{
    vector<vec> v;
    v = concat(signperm(mvvec(vec(1, 1, 1)*(1/SQ3))), cyclicperm(signperm(mvvec(vec(0, PHI, 1/PHI)*(1/SQ3)))));

    FILE *f;
    f = fopen("GreatStellatedDodecahedron.pov", "wb");
    fprintf(f, theader, 7409);//7412);
    printvvec(f, v);
    printvveclines(f, v, 2*PHI*(1/SQ3));
    fprintf(f, tstartmesh);
    v = concat(v, cyclicperm(signperm(mvvec(vec(0, 2-PHI, PHI-1)*(1/SQ3)))));
    printvvectriangles(f, v, (2*PHI-2)*(1/SQ3), (2*PHI-2)*(1/SQ3), (4-2*PHI)*(1/SQ3));
    fprintf(f, tendmesh);
    fprintf(f, tfooter);
    fclose(f);
}

void GreatDodecahedron()
{
    vector<vec> v;
    v = cyclicperm(signperm(mvvec(vec(0, PHI, 1)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)))));

    FILE *f;
    f = fopen("GreatDodecahedron.pov", "wb");
    fprintf(f, theader, 11404);
    printvveclines(f, v, 2*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)));
    v = concat(v, concat(signperm(mvvec(vec(PHI-1, PHI-1, PHI-1)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)))), cyclicperm(signperm(mvvec(vec(0, 2-PHI, 1)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)))))));
    printvvec(f, v);
    fprintf(f, tstartmesh);
    printvvectriangles(f, v, (2*PHI-2)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)), (2*PHI-2)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)), (2)*(1/sqrt(PHI+2)));
    fprintf(f, tendmesh);
    fprintf(f, tfooter);
    fclose(f);
}

vector<vec> IcosaParse(const char *vs)
{
    vector<vec> v, p;
    v = cyclicperm(signperm(mvvec(vec(0, PHI, 1))));
vec av;
    vector<vec>::iterator i, j, k;
    int q;
    static const vec2 rats[9] = {vec2(1, 0), vec2(PHI-1, 2-PHI), vec2(2-PHI, PHI-1), vec2(0, 1), vec2(0, PHI-1), vec2(0, 2-PHI), vec2(0, 0), vec2(2-PHI, 0), vec2(PHI-1, 0)};

    for(i = v.begin(); i!=v.end(); ++i)
        for(j = v.begin(); j!=v.end(); ++j)
            for(k = v.begin(); k!=v.end(); ++k)
                if(eqt((*i-*j).norm(), (*j-*k).norm(), (*k-*i).norm(), 2, 2, 2)&&(*i^*j)**k>0)
                {
                    vec t3 = *i*PHI*PHI+*j*PHI*PHI-*k*PHI*PHI*PHI, t1 = *j*PHI*PHI+*k*PHI*PHI-*i*PHI*PHI*PHI, t2 = *k*PHI*PHI+*i*PHI*PHI-*j*PHI*PHI*PHI;
                    for(q = 0; vs[q]; )
                    {
                        if(vs[q]<48)
                            break;
                        if(vs[q+1]<48)
                        {
                            p = concat(p, mvvec(t3+(t1-t3)*rats[vs[q]-'0'].x+(t2-t3)*rats[vs[q]-'0'].y));
                            q += 2;
                            continue;
                        }
                        if(vs[q+4]<48)
                        {
                            vec2 a = rats[vs[q]-'0'], b = rats[vs[q+1]-'0'], c = rats[vs[q+2]-'0'], d = rats[vs[q+3]-'0'];
                            double idet = 1/((a-b).x*(d-c).y-(a-b).y*(d-c).x);
//fprintf(stderr, "%lf, %lf    %lf, %lf         %lf\n", (a-b).x, (d-c).x, (a-b).y, (d-c).y, idet);
                            vec2 e = vec2(vec2((d-c).y, (d-c).x*-1)*(d-b), vec2((a-b).y*-1, (a-b).x)*(d-b))*idet;
                            vec2 r = (a-b)*e.x+b;
//fprintf(stderr, "%lf, %lf    %lf, %lf         %lf\n", r.x, r.y, t1.x, t1.y, idet);
//fprintf(stderr, "(a-b)={%lf, %lf}, x=%lf, b={%lf, %lf}, e={%lf, %lf}\n(c-d)={%lf, %lf}, y=%lf, d={%lf, %lf}, e={%lf, %lf}\n",
//(a-b).x, (a-b).y, e.x, b.x, b.y, ((a-b)*e.x+b).x, ((a-b)*e.x+b).y,
//(c-d).x, (c-d).y, e.y, d.x, d.y, ((c-d)*e.y+d).x, ((c-d)*e.y+d).y
//);
//fprintf(stderr, "%lf %lf\n", r.x, r.y);
                            p = concat(p, mvvec(t3+(t1-t3)*r.x+(t2-t3)*r.y));
                            av = av+(t3+(t1-t3)*r.x+(t2-t3)*r.y);
                            //p = concat(p, mvvec(vec()));
                            q += 5;
                            continue;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }

//printf("%lf %lf %lf\n", av.x, av.y, av.z);
    double r = 0;
    for(i = p.begin(); i!=p.end(); ++i)
//i = p.begin();
        if(r<i->norm())
            r = i->norm();

    for(i = p.begin(); i!=p.end(); ++i)
        *i = *i*(1/r);

    return p;
}

void StellatedIcosahedron(const char *fn, int rs, const char *vs, const char *ls, const char *dls, const char *ts)
{
    vector<vec> v;

    FILE *f;
    f = fopen(fn, "wb");
    fprintf(f, theader, rs);
    printvvec(f, IcosaParse(vs));
    printvvecdottedlines(f, IcosaParse(dls));
    printvveclines(f, IcosaParse(ls));
    fprintf(f, tstartmesh);
    printvvectriangles(f, IcosaParse(ts));
    fprintf(f, tendmesh);
    fprintf(f, tfooter);
    fclose(f);
}

int main()
{
    SmallStellatedDodecahedron();
    GreatStellatedDodecahedron();
    GreatDodecahedron();
    StellatedIcosahedron("GreatIcosahedron.pov", 31234, "0 1 2 0417 1428 2538 ", "0 3 ", "0 0417 0417 1 1 1428 1428 2 2 2538 2538 3 ", "0 1 0417 1 2 1428 2 3 2538 ");
    StellatedIcosahedron("CompoundOfFiveTetrahedra.pov", 22113, "2 2514 1427 2715 1528 ", "2 5 ", "2 2 2514 1427 1427 2715 2715 1528 ", "2 2514 1427 2 2715 1528 ");
    return 0;
}