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[[Image:FET Armstrong oscillator.svg|thumb|Transistor Armstrong oscillator schematic]]
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The '''Armstrong oscillator'''<ref>{{Citation |inventor-first=Edwin H. |inventor-last=Armstrong |inventorlink=Edwin H. Armstrong |title=Wireless receiving system |country-code=US |patent-number=1113149 |publication-date=19 October 1913 |issue-date=6 October 1914}}.  In Figure 1, a tapped inductor ("auto-transformer") provides the feedback; in Figure 6, a transformer provides the feedback.</ref> (also known as the '''Meissner oscillator'''<ref>{{Citation |inventor-first=Alexander |inventor-last=Meissner |inventorlink=Alexander Meissner |title=Einrichtung zur Erzeugung elektrischer Schwingungen |trans_title=Equipment for production of electrical oscillations |country-code=DE |patent-number=291604 |publication-date=April 10, 1913 |issue-date=June 23, 1919 |language=German }}, <!-- language, trans_title, trans_chapter don't work for patent -->[Equipment for production of electrical oscillations] in German. The patent does not mention Meissner; the patent was issued to Gesellschaft für Drahtlose Telegraphie [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|mbH]] [Corporation for Wireless Telegraphy].</ref>) is an [[electronic oscillator]] circuit which uses an [[inductor]] and [[capacitor]] to determine the oscillation frequency; an LC oscillator.  It is the earliest oscillator circuit, invented by US engineer [[Edwin Armstrong]] in 1912 and independently by Austrian engineer [[Alexander Meissner]] in 1913, and was used in the first vacuum tube [[transmitter|radio transmitters]].   It is sometimes called a ''tickler oscillator''  because its distinguishing feature is that the [[feedback]] signal needed to produce oscillations is [[inductive coupling|magnetically coupled]] into the tank inductor in the input circuit by a "tickler coil" ''(L2, right)'' in the output circuit.   Assuming the coupling is weak, but sufficient to sustain oscillation, the oscillation frequency ''f'' is determined primarily by the tank circuit ''(L1 and C, right)'' and is approximately given by
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:<math>f = \frac{1}{2\pi\sqrt{LC}} \,</math>  
 
This circuit was widely used in the [[Regenerative circuit|regenerative radio receiver]], popular until the 1940s.  In that application, the input radio frequency signal from the antenna is magnetically coupled into the tank circuit by an additional winding, and the feedback is reduced with an adjustable gain control in the feedback loop, so the circuit is just short of oscillation.  The result is a narrow-band radio-frequency filter and amplifier.  The non-linear characteristic of the transistor or tube also [[demodulation|demodulated]] the RF signal to produce the audio signal.<br>  
 
The circuit diagram shown is a modern implementation, using a [[field-effect transistor]] as the amplifying element. Armstrong's original design used a triode [[vacuum tube]].
 
Note that in the Meissner variant, the LC resonant (tank) circuit is exchanged with the feedback coil, i.e. in the output path (vacuum tube plate, field effect transistor drain, or bipolar transistor collector) of the amplifier, e.g. Grebennikov, Fig. 2.8.<ref>{{Citation |first=A. |last=Grebennikov |title=RF and Microwave Transistor Oscillator Design |publisher=Wiley |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-470-02535-2 |doi= }}</ref> Many publications, however, embrace both variants with either name; apparently the English speakers using Armstrong, and the German speakers Meißner.
 
== See also ==
* [[Opto-Electronic Oscillator]]
 
== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{Electronic oscillators}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstrong Oscillator}}
[[Category:Oscillators]]

Latest revision as of 02:35, 16 April 2014

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