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{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mikhail Ostrogradsky
| image = Ostrogradski.jpeg
| caption = Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1801|9|24|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Pashennaya]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1862|1|1|1801|9|24|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[Poltava]]
}}
'''Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky''' (transcribed also '''Ostrohradskyy''', '''Ostrogradskii''', '''Ostrogradskiĭ''') ({{lang-ru|Михаил Васильевич Остроградский}}, {{lang-ua|Михайло Васильович Остроградський}}, September 24, 1801 – January 1, 1862) was a [[Russia]]n / [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] [[mathematician]], [[mechanics|mechanician]] and [[physicist]]. Ostrogradsky is considered to be a disciple of [[Leonhard Euler]] and one of the leading mathematicians of Imperial Russia.
 
Ostrogradsky was born in Pashennaya (Пашенная), [[Poltava Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]] (today [[Pashenivka]], [[Kozelshchyna Raion]], [[Poltava Oblast]], [[Ukraine]]). From 1816 to 1820 he studied under Timofei Fedorovich Osipovsky (1765–1832) and graduated from the [[Kharkiv University|University of Kharkiv]]. When 1820 Osipovsky was suspended on religious grounds, Ostrogradsky refused to be examined and he never received his [[Doctor of Philosophy|Doctor's degree]]. From 1822 to 1826 he studied at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]] and at the [[Collège de France]] in [[Paris]], [[France]]. In 1828 he returned to the Russian Empire and settled in [[Saint Petersburg]], where he was elected a member of the [[Russian Academy of Science|Academy of Sciences]], Also he becomes the professor of the [[Military Engineering-Technical University|Main military engineering School]] of the Russian empire.
 
He worked mainly in the mathematical fields of [[calculus of variations]], [[Integral|integration]] of [[algebraic function]]s, [[number theory]], [[algebra]], [[geometry]], [[probability theory]] and in the fields of [[mathematical physics]] and [[classical mechanics]]. In the latter, his most important work includes researches of the [[motion (physics)|motion]] of an elastic body and the development of methods for integration of the equations of [[dynamics (mechanics)|dynamics]]. Here he continued works of [[Euler]], [[Joseph Louis Lagrange]], [[Siméon Denis Poisson]] and [[Augustin Louis Cauchy]]. In Russia, his work in these fields was continued by Nikolay Dmitrievich Brashman (1796–1866), August Yulevich Davidov (1823–1885) and specially by the brilliant work of [[Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky]] (1847–1921).
 
Ostrogradsky did not appreciate the work on [[non-Euclidean geometry]] of [[Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky|Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky]] from 1823 and he rejected it, when it was submitted for publication in the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
 
His method for integrating the [[rational function]]s is well known. With his equation we separate integral of a fractional rational function, the sum of the rational part (algebraic fraction) and the transcendental part (with the [[logarithm]] and the [[Inverse trigonometric function|arctangent]]). We determine the rational part without integrating it and we assign a given integral into Ostrogradsky's form:
 
:<math> \int {R(x)\over P(x)} \, dx = {T(x)\over S(x)} + \int {X(x)\over Y(x)} \, dx, </math>
 
where ''P''(''x''), ''S''(''x''), ''Y''(''x'') are known polynomials of degrees ''p'', ''s'' and ''y'', ''R''(''x'') known polynomial of degree not greater than ''p''&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;1, ''T''(''x'') and ''X''(''x'') unknown polynomials of degrees not greater than ''s''&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;1 and ''y''&nbsp;&minus;&nbsp;1 respectively.
 
Ostrogradsky died in [[Poltava]], [[Poltava Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]] (today [[Ukraine]]).
 
==See also==
 
: [[Divergence theorem]] (Ostrogradsky–Gauss theorem / Gauss–Ostrogradsky // Green–Ostrogradsky–Gauss / Gauss–Green–Ostrogradsky)
: [[Ostrogradsky's equation]]
 
:: <math> \iiint_V \left( {\partial P\over \partial x} + {\partial Q\over \partial y} + {\partial R\over \partial z} \right) dx \, dy \, dz =
\iint_\Sigma \left( P + Q + R\right) \, d\Sigma </math>
: [[Green's theorem]] (1827)
:: [[Green–Ostrogradsky equation]] (1828)
: [[Hamilton–Ostrogradsky (variational) principle]]
: [[Ostrogradsky formalism]]
: [[Einstein–Ostrogradsky–Dirac Hamiltonian]]
: [[Horowitz–Ostrogradsky method]]
: [[Jacobi–Ostrogradsky coordinate]]s
 
==External links==
*{{MacTutor Biography|id=Ostrogradski}}
 
{{Authority control|VIAF=60499410}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME              = Ostrogradsky, Mikhail Vasilievich
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Russian mathematician and physicist
| DATE OF BIRTH    = September 24, 1801
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Pashennaya]]
| DATE OF DEATH    = January 1, 1862
| PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Poltava]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ostrogradsky, Mikhail Vasilievich}}
[[Category:1801 births]]
[[Category:1862 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:Full Members of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Military Engineering-Technical University faculty]]
[[Category:Russian people of Ukrainian descent]]
[[Category:19th-century Russian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Russian physicists]]
[[Category:People from Kharkiv]]
[[Category:Kharkiv University alumni]]

Revision as of 12:15, 25 November 2013

Template:Infobox scientist Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky (transcribed also Ostrohradskyy, Ostrogradskii, Ostrogradskiĭ) (My name is Jordan (41 years old) and my hobbies are Microscopy and Canoeing.

Check out my weblog Hostgator Review, Painting Deals Worker Wesley from Big Trout Lake, loves to spend some time model railways, property developers new condo in singapore singapore and cigar smoking. Has completed a wonderful round the world journey that covered visiting the Pearling., September 24, 1801 – January 1, 1862) was a Russian / Ukrainian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. Ostrogradsky is considered to be a disciple of Leonhard Euler and one of the leading mathematicians of Imperial Russia.

Ostrogradsky was born in Pashennaya (Пашенная), Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (today Pashenivka, Kozelshchyna Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine). From 1816 to 1820 he studied under Timofei Fedorovich Osipovsky (1765–1832) and graduated from the University of Kharkiv. When 1820 Osipovsky was suspended on religious grounds, Ostrogradsky refused to be examined and he never received his Doctor's degree. From 1822 to 1826 he studied at the Sorbonne and at the Collège de France in Paris, France. In 1828 he returned to the Russian Empire and settled in Saint Petersburg, where he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, Also he becomes the professor of the Main military engineering School of the Russian empire.

He worked mainly in the mathematical fields of calculus of variations, integration of algebraic functions, number theory, algebra, geometry, probability theory and in the fields of mathematical physics and classical mechanics. In the latter, his most important work includes researches of the motion of an elastic body and the development of methods for integration of the equations of dynamics. Here he continued works of Euler, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Siméon Denis Poisson and Augustin Louis Cauchy. In Russia, his work in these fields was continued by Nikolay Dmitrievich Brashman (1796–1866), August Yulevich Davidov (1823–1885) and specially by the brilliant work of Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky (1847–1921).

Ostrogradsky did not appreciate the work on non-Euclidean geometry of Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky from 1823 and he rejected it, when it was submitted for publication in the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

His method for integrating the rational functions is well known. With his equation we separate integral of a fractional rational function, the sum of the rational part (algebraic fraction) and the transcendental part (with the logarithm and the arctangent). We determine the rational part without integrating it and we assign a given integral into Ostrogradsky's form:

where P(x), S(x), Y(x) are known polynomials of degrees p, s and y, R(x) known polynomial of degree not greater than p − 1, T(x) and X(x) unknown polynomials of degrees not greater than s − 1 and y − 1 respectively.

Ostrogradsky died in Poltava, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (today Ukraine).

See also

Divergence theorem (Ostrogradsky–Gauss theorem / Gauss–Ostrogradsky // Green–Ostrogradsky–Gauss / Gauss–Green–Ostrogradsky)
Ostrogradsky's equation
Green's theorem (1827)
Green–Ostrogradsky equation (1828)
Hamilton–Ostrogradsky (variational) principle
Ostrogradsky formalism
Einstein–Ostrogradsky–Dirac Hamiltonian
Horowitz–Ostrogradsky method
Jacobi–Ostrogradsky coordinates

External links

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