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== runners Nike High Heel Australia ==
{{About|the mapping service|the smartphone application|Google Maps (application)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=November 2013}}
{{copy edit|date= November 2013}}
}}
{{Infobox dot-com company
| name          = Google Maps
| logo          = [[File:Logo 2013 Google.png|frameless|alt=Google logo]]
| screenshot    = [[Image:Google maps screenshot.png|250px]]
| caption        = Screenshot of Google Maps.
| url            = {{URL|https://maps.google.com}}, {{URL|https://maps.google.com/preview}}
| commercial    = Yes
| type          = [[Web mapping]]
| key_people    = [[Lars Rasmussen (software developer)|Lars Rasmussen]] - ([[Co-founder]])
| language      = Multilingual
| registration  = Optional, included with a Google Account
| owner          = [[Google]]
| launch date    = {{start date and age|2005|2|8}}
| current status = Active
| revenue        =
}}


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'''Google Maps''' is a [[web mapping]] service application and technology provided by [[Google]], that powers many map-based services, including the Google Maps website, Google Ride Finder, Google Transit,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.techpluto.com/google-transit-benefits/|title=Google Transit: A Great Asset to Google Maps}}</ref> and maps embedded on third-party websites via the Google Maps [[Application programming interface|API]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://developers.google.com/maps/|title=What is the Google Maps API?}}</ref> It offers street maps and a [[route planner]] for traveling by foot, car, bike (beta), or with public transportation. It also includes a locator for urban businesses in numerous countries around the world. Google Maps satellite images are not updated in real time, however, Google adds data to their Primary Database on a regular basis<ref>[https://support.google.com/earth/answer/187961?hl=en Frequently Asked Questions - Earth Help]. Support.google.com. Retrieved on 2013-11-24.</ref> and most of the images are no more than 3 years old.<ref>[http://www.technicamix.com/2011/10/18/how-often-is-google-maps-and-google-earth-updated/b Benefits of Android VPN]. Technicamix.com (2012-08-02). Retrieved on 2013-11-24.</ref>
 
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Google Maps uses a close variant of the [[Mercator projection]], so it cannot accurately show areas around the poles. A related product is [[Google Earth]], a stand-alone program which offers more globe-viewing features, including showing polar areas.


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[[Google Maps (application)|Google Maps for mobile]] is the world's most popular app for [[smartphones]], with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it at least once during the month of August 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/google-smartphone-app-popularity-2013-9#infographic |title=Google+ Smartphone App Popularity |publisher=Business Insider |date= |accessdate=2013-09-06}}</ref>
 
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==Satellite view==
Most of the world's available [[satellite imagery]] are no more than 3 years old and updated on a regular basis.<ref>[http://www.technicamix.com/2011/10/18/how-often-is-google-maps-and-google-earth-updated/ How Often is Google Maps and Google Earth Updated?]. Technicamix.com (2011-10-18). Retrieved on 2013-11-24.</ref> Google Maps provides high-resolution aerial or satellite images for most urban areas of the world. However, all areas of the satellite imagery do not appear in the same resolution—less populated areas usually appear with less detail.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}


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Google's mapping engine prompted a surge of interest in satellite imagery, due to its easily pawnable and searchable mapping and satellite imagery tool.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Websites were created to feature satellite images of interesting natural and human-made landmarks, including such novelties as large writing visible in the imagery, famous stadiums, and unique [[geological formation]]s.<ref>Madrigal, Alexis C. "How Google Builds its Maps--and What it Means for the Future of Everything," The Atlantic, 6 September 2012. Retrieved on 2013-2-9.</ref> Although Google uses the word ''satellite'', most of the high-resolution imagery of cities is [[aerial photography]] taken from aircraft flying at {{convert|800|ft|m}} to {{convert|1500|ft|m}}; however, most of the other imagery is from satellites.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/earth/answer/21417?hl=en |title=Blurry or Outdated Imagery}}</ref> [[Google Aerial View]] is provided in some urban areas.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
 
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===Security concerns===
In 2005 the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) complained about the potential for terrorists to use the satellite images in planning attacks, with specific reference to the [[Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor|Lucas Heights nuclear reactor]]; however, the Federal Australian government did not support the organization's concern. At the time of the ANSTO complaint, Google had colored over some areas for security (mostly in the US), such as the rooftop of the [[White House]] and several other [[Washington, D.C.]], US buildings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.itsecurity.com/features/51-things-not-on-google-maps-071508/|title=Blurred Out: 51 Things You Aren't Allowed to See on Google Maps}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Google Maps: The White House |url=http://elliottback.com/wp/archives/2005/04/08/google-maps-the-white-house/ |title=Google Maps: The White House — Elliott C. Back |publisher=Elliottback.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Google Earth prompts security fears|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/indepth/featureitems/s1432602.htm|accessdate=4 November 2013|newspaper=ABC News Online|date=8 August 2005|author=Karen Barlow|archiveurl=http://wayback.archive.org/web/20090616031427/http://www.abc.net.au/news/indepth/featureitems/s1432602.htm|archivedate=16 June 2009}}</ref>


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==Directions==
 
[[File:Google Maps zusammenhängende Regionen (1).png|thumb|Contiguous regions of Google Maps]]
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Google Maps provides a [[Route planning software|route planner]] under "Get Directions".<ref>{{cite web|last=MADRIGAL|first=ALEXIS|title=How Google Builds Its Maps—and What It Means for the Future of Everything|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/09/how-google-builds-its-maps-and-what-it-means-for-the-future-of-everything/261913/|publisher=The Atlantic|accessdate=10 February 2013}}</ref> Up to four modes of transportation are available depending on the area: driving, [[Public transport route planner|public transit]] (see the Google Transit section below), walking, and bicycling. In combination with [[Google Street View]], issues like parking, turning lanes, and one-way streets can be viewed before traveling. Driving directions are covered as follows:
 
*Most countries of mainland Eurasia and Africa are covered contiguously, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Canary Islands, Cyprus, Malta, Sri Lanka, most of Indonesia and Timor-Leste. China mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, Israel (including parts of the West Bank), Jordan, Lebanon and North Korea have directions available without connection to other states. Only public transit directions are provided for South Korea.
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* All countries of mainland North and Central America are covered contiguously.
 
* All countries of mainland South America are covered. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela are treated contiguously, whereas Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname are not connected to other states.
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* All inhabited countries and territories in the Caribbean are covered, though in general there are no connections between islands.
 
* Additionally, American Samoa, Australia, the Azores, Brunei, Cape Verde, The Comoros, The Cook Islands, the Faroe Islands, The Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Iceland, Japan, Madagascar, the Maldives, Mauritius, Mayotte, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, the Philippines, Réunion, São Tomé and Príncipe, the Seychelles, Samoa, Taiwan, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna are covered as stand-alone regions, as are Nuuk in Greenland, Sabah in Malaysia, parts of Papua New Guinea, parts of Solomon Islands and Socotra in Yemen.
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==Implementation==
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Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses [[JavaScript]] extensively.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.techgau.org/2012/06/google-revises-their-map-adds-offline.html |title=Google Revises Their Map, Adds Offline Version and 3D Imaging |publisher=TechGau.org |author=Gautham A. S. |accessdate=9 June 2012}}</ref> As the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the side panel and map; the page is not reloaded. Locations are drawn dynamically by positioning a red pin (composed of several partially transparent [[Portable Network Graphics|PNG]]s) on top of the map images. A hidden [[Iframe|IFrame]] with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. The site also uses [[JSON]] for data transfer rather than [[XML]], for performance reasons. These techniques both fall under the broad [[Ajax (programming)|Ajax]] umbrella. The result is termed a slippy map<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition: "Slippy Map"|url=http://fantomplanet.wordpress.com/2005/06/23/definition-slippy-map/|work=Fantom Planet}}</ref> and is implemented elsewhere in projects like [[OpenLayers]].
 
 
</ul>
In October 2011, Google announced MapsGL, a [[WebGL]] version of Maps with better renderings and smoother transitions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/10/step-inside-map-with-google-mapsgl.html |title=Step inside the map with Google MapsGL |publisher=Googleblog.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=2012-04-25}}</ref>
 
==Extensibility and customization==
<!-- Section needs loads of cleanup - should be more emphasis on the API as everyone uses that now. Memory maps stuff is out of place -->
 
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Chicagocrime.jpg|thumb|Chicagocrime.org, developed by Adrian Holovaty, was among the first and most popular<ref>http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=832264</ref> Google Maps mashups.]] -->
 
As Google Maps is coded almost entirely in [[JavaScript]] and [[XML]], some end users have reverse-engineered the tool and produced client-side scripts and server-side hooks which allowed a user or website to introduce expanded or customized features into the Google Maps interface.
 
Using the core engine and the map/satellite images hosted by Google, such tools can introduce custom location icons, location [[coordinates]] and [[metadata]], and even custom map image sources into the Google Maps interface. The script-insertion tool [[Greasemonkey]] provides a large number of client-side scripts to customize Google Maps data.
 
Combinations with [[photo sharing]] websites, such as [[Flickr]], are used to create "memory maps". {{Clarify|post-text=What are memory maps?|date=August 2010}} Using copies of the [[KH-11 Kennan|Keyhole]] [[Spy satellite|satellite]] photos, users have taken advantage of image annotation features to provide personal histories and information regarding particular points of the area.
 
===Google Maps API===
After the success of reverse-engineered mashups such as chicagocrime.org and housingmaps.com, Google launched the [https://developers.google.com/maps/ Google Maps API] in June 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/06/world-is-your-javascript-enabled_29.html |title=Official Google Blog: The world is your JavaScript-enabled oyster}}</ref> to allow developers to integrate Google Maps into their websites. It is a free service, and {{as of|2010|8|25|alt=currently}} does not contain ads, but Google states in their terms of use that they reserve the right to display ads in the future.<ref name=apiterms>{{cite web|url=https://developers.google.com/maps/terms?csw=1 |title=Google Maps API – Terms of use}}</ref>
 
By using the Google Maps [[Application programming interface|API]], it is possible to embed Google Maps site into an external website, on to which site specific data can be overlaid. Although initially only a [[JavaScript]] API, the Maps API was expanded to include an API for [[Adobe Flash]] applications (but this has been deprecated), a service for retrieving static map images, and [[Web Service|web services]] for performing [[geocoding]], generating driving directions, and obtaining elevation profiles. Over 1,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googlegeodevelopers.blogspot.com/2013/05/a-fresh-new-look-for-maps-api-for-all.html |publisher=googlegeodevelopers.google.com|date=2013-05-15|title=A fresh new look for the Maps API, for all one million sites}}</ref> web sites use the Google Maps API, making it the most heavily used web application development API.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.programmableweb.com/apis|publisher=www.programmableweb.com |title=ProgrammableWeb API dashboard}}</ref>
 
The Google Maps API is free for commercial use, provided that the site on which it is being used is publicly accessible and does not charge for access, and is not generating more than 25 000 map accesses a day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developers.google.com/maps/faq?csw=1#tos_commercial |title=Google Maps API FAQ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://developers.google.com/maps/faq?csw=1#usagelimits |title=Google Maps API FAQ Usage Limits}}</ref> Sites that do not meet these requirements can purchase the Google Maps API for Business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/enterprise/mapsearth/|title=Google Maps API for Business}}</ref>
 
The success of the Google Maps API has spawned a number of competing alternatives, including the [[Yahoo! Maps]] API, [[Bing Maps Platform]], [[MapQuest]] Development Platform, and [[OpenLayers]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}
 
In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Maps API for Flash.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2011/09/fall-spring-clean.html |title=A fall spring-clean |author=Alan Eustace |date=September 2, 2011 |publisher=Google |accessdate=September 2, 2011}}</ref>
 
=== Google Maps for mobile and other devices ===
{{Main|Google Maps (application)}}
In October 2005,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googlepress.blogspot.in/2007/11/google-announces-launch-of-google-maps_28.html |title=Google Announces Launch of Google Maps for Mobile With "My Location" Technology – News announcements – News from Google – Google |publisher=Googlepress.blogspot.in |date=2007-11-28 |accessdate=2013-06-10}}</ref> Google introduced a [[Java application]] called [https://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Google Maps for Mobile], intended to run on any Java-based phone or mobile device. Many of the web-based site's features are provided in the application.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobilitynow.org/2007/05/08/google-maps-for-mobile-indepth-review/ |title=in-depth review |publisher=Mobilitynow.org |date=2007-05-08 |accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref>
 
On November 4, 2009, [[Google Maps Navigation]] was released in conjunction with Google Android OS 2.0 Eclair on the [[Motorola Droid]], adding voice commands, traffic reports, and street view support.<ref>{{cite web|last=Arrington |first=Michael |url=http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/10/28/google-redefines-car-gps-navigation-google-maps-navigation-android/ |title=Google Redefines GPS Navigation Landscape: Google Maps Navigation For Android 2.0 |publisher=Techcrunch.com |date=2009-10-28 |accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref> The initial release was limited to the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsmarena.com/google_maps_for_mobile_anounce_navigation_beta_for_android_20-news-1216.php |title=Google Maps for mobile announce Navigation Beta for Android 2.0 – GSMArena.com news |publisher=Gsmarena.com |date= |accessdate=2010-01-12}}</ref> The service was launched in the UK on 20 April 2010 and in large parts of continental western Europe on June 9, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2010/06/fun-on-autobahn-google-maps-navigation.html|title=Fun on the Autobahn: Google Maps Navigation in 11 more Countries |publisher=Googlemobile.blogspot.com |date=2010-06-09 |accessdate=2011-02-26}}</ref>
 
In March 2011 Google Vice President of Location Service, [[Marissa Mayer]] said that Google provided map services to 150 million users.<ref name=post>{{cite news |title=Google VP lays down mobile stats, boasts 150 million Maps users  |work=EnGadget |date=March 14, 2011 |url=http://www.engadget.com/2011/03/14/google-vp-lays-down-mobile-stats-boasts-150-million-maps-users/ }}</ref>
 
In June 2012, Apple announced that they would replace Google Maps with their [[Maps (application)|own maps service]] from iOS 6.  However, on December 13, 2012, Google announced the availability of Google Maps in the Apple [[App Store (iOS)|App Store]], starting with the iPhone version.<ref name="New iOS6 1">{{cite web
  |title=Google Unveils Map App for Apple IPhone, IPad
  |publisher=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]
  |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-12-12/google-unveils-mapping-application-for-apple-iphone-ipad-users
  |accessdate=2012-12-13}}</ref><ref name="New iOS6 2">{{cite web
  |title=Google Maps for iOS
  |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]
  |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/google-maps/id585027354?mt=8
  |accessdate=2012-12-13}}</ref> Just hours after the [[Google Maps (application)|Google Maps iOS app]] was released, it became the top free app in the App Store.<ref>Murphy, Samantha. December 13, 2012. "Google Maps Soars to Top of Free App List." http://mashable.com/2012/12/13/google-maps-app-iphone-download/</ref>
 
It was announced on December 6, 2012 that Google Maps would make its way to the [[Wii U]], [[Nintendo]]'s [[History of video game consoles (eighth generation)|eighth generation]] [[Video game console|video game home console]].<ref>Stark, Chelsea. December 6, 2012. "Explorable Google Maps Coming to the Wii U." http://mashable.com/2012/12/05/google-maps-wii-u/</ref> Accessibility to a variant of [[Google Street View]] on the Wii U was released in February 14, 2013 as an initially free downloadable app available via the [[Nintendo eShop]]. As of October 31, 2013, the app is no longer available for free.<ref name="Wii Street U">{{cite web|title=Google Maps Street View on Wii U|publisher=[[Nintendo|Nintendo of America Inc.]]'s official website|url=http://www.nintendo.com/wiiu/downloads/wii-street-u|accessdate=2013-10-27}}</ref>
 
===Google Maps parameters===
In Google Maps, URL parameters are sometimes data-driven in their limits and the user interface presented by the web may or may not reflect those limits. In particular, the zoom level (denoted by the ''z'' parameter) supported varies. In less populated regions, the supported zoom levels might stop at around 18. In earlier versions of the API, specifying these higher values might result in no image being displayed. In Western cities, the supported zoom level generally stops at about 20. In some isolated cases, the data supports up to 23 or greater, as in
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=10%C2%B054'13.66%22+N+19%C2%B056'06.15%22+E&ie=UTF8&ll=10.903794,19.935042&spn=0.000103,0.000116&t=k&z=23&iwloc=addr these elephants] or [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=15.29854,19.429741&ie=UTF8&ll=15.298539,19.42974&spn=0.000117,0.000154&t=h&z=23  this view of people at a well] in [[Chad]], Africa. Different versions of the API and web interfaces may or may not fully support these higher levels.
 
As of October 2010, the Google map viewer updates its zoom bar to allow the user to zoom all the way when centered over areas that support higher zoom levels.
 
==History==
 
===Acquisition===
Google Maps first started as a [[C++]] program designed by two Danish brothers [[Lars Rasmussen (software developer)|Lars]] and [[Jens Rasmussen (software developer)|Jens Rasmussen]] at the Sydney-based company Where 2 Technologies. It was first designed to be separately downloaded by users, but the company later pitched the idea for a purely Web-based product to Google management, changing the method of distribution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/Google-mapper-Take-browsers-to-the-limit/2100-1038_3-5808658.html |title=Google mapper: Take browsers to the limit - CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-03}}</ref> In October 2004, the company was acquired by [[Google]] Inc<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2009/jun/17/google-sergey-brin |title=Secrets of a nimble giant – guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date=June 17, 2009 |accessdate=October 30, 2010 |location=London |first=Jemima |last=Kiss}}</ref> where it transformed into the web application Google Maps.
In the same month, Google acquired [[Keyhole, Inc|Keyhole]], a geospatial data visualization company, (with [[Criticism of Google#Potential for data disclosure|controversial]] investment from the [[CIA]]), whose marquee application suite, Earth Viewer, emerged as the highly successful [[Google Earth]] application in 2005 while other aspects of its core technology were integrated into Google Maps.<ref>[http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/10/28/google_buys_keyhole/ "Google buys CIA-backed mapping startup"], Andrew Orlowski, ''The Register'', October 28, 2004</ref>
 
===2005===
The application was first announced on the Google Blog on February 8, 2005,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/02/mapping-your-way.html |title=Google Maps announcement on Google Blog |publisher=Googleblog.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref> and was located at Google. It originally only supported users of [[Internet Explorer]] and [[Mozilla]] [[web browser]]s, but support for [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] and [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] was added on February 25, 2005, but currently{{when|date=August 2010}} Opera is removed from the system requirements list. It was in beta for six months before becoming part of Google Local on October 6, 2005.
 
In April 2005, Google created [[Google Ride Finder]] using Google Maps. In June 2005, Google released the [[Google Maps API]]. In July 2005, Google began Google Maps and Google Local services for Japan, including road maps. On July 22, 2005, Google released "Hybrid View". Together with this change, the satellite image data was converted from [[plate carrée projection|plate carrée]] to [[Mercator projection]], which makes for a less distorted image in the [[temperate climes]] latitudes. In July 2005, in honor of the thirty-sixth anniversary of the [[Apollo Moon landing]], [[Google Moon]] was launched. In September 2005, in the aftermath of [[Hurricane Katrina]], Google Maps quickly updated its satellite imagery of [[New Orleans]] to allow users to view the extent of the flooding in various parts of that city. (Oddly, in March 2007, imagery showing hurricane damage was replaced with images from before the storm; this replacement was not made on [[Google Earth]], which still uses post-Katrina imagery.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17880969/ |title=Google accused of airbrushing Katrina history |date=March 30, 2007 |publisher=msnbc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/internet/search/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=198701867 |title=Google Restores Katrina's Scars To Google Earth |date=April 2, 2007 |publisher= Information Week}}</ref>
 
===2006===
From January 2006, Google Maps featured road maps for the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, and certain cities in the Republic of Ireland. Coverage of the area around [[Turin]] was added in time for the [[2006 Winter Olympics]]. On January 23, 2006, Google Maps was updated to use the same satellite image database as [[Google Earth]]. On March 12, 2006, [[Google Mars]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mars.google.com/ |title=Google Mars |publisher=Mars.google.com |date= |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref> was launched, which features a draggable map and satellite imagery of the planet Mars. In April 2006, Google Local was merged into the main Google Maps site. On April 3, 2006, version 2 of the Maps API was released.<ref>[https://www.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/upgrade.html ]{{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=August 2010}} On June 11, 2006, Google added geocoding capabilities to the API, satisfying the most developer-requested feature for this service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemapsapi.blogspot.com/2006/06/geocoding-at-last.html |title=Geocoding at Last |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On June 14, 2006, Google Maps for Enterprise was officially launched.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemapsapi.blogspot.com/2006/06/google-maps-for-enterprise.html |title=Google Maps for Enterprise |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> As a commercial service, it features intranet and advertisement-free implementations. Also in June, textured 3D building models were added into Google Earth.<ref>[https://maps.google.com/help/maps/helloworld/tips/history.html/ ]{{dead link|date=June 2013}}</ref>
 
In July 2006 Google started including Google Maps business listings in the form of Local OneBoxes in the main Google search results.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2006/12/28/the-prodigal-son-of-a-search-engine-comes-home/ |title=The prodigal son of a search engine comes home |publisher=blumenthals.com}}</ref> In December 2006 Google integrated a feature called Plus Box into the main search results.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dullest.com/blog/new-google-ui-feature-plus-box/ |title=New Google UI feature: Plus Box |publisher=Matt Cutts}}</ref>  On December 19 Google added a feature that lets one add multiple destinations to their driving directions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2006-12-19.html#n36 |title=Google Maps With Multiple Destinations |publisher=Philipp Lenssen}}</ref>  Beginning in February 2007, buildings and [[subway (rail)|subway]] stops are displayed in Google Maps "map view" for parts of New York City, [[Washington, D.C.]], London, San Francisco, and some other cities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.com.com/2061-10812_3-6160719.html |title=Google Maps adds subway stops, building outlines to cities |publisher=CNET|archiveurl=http://archive.is/eBCO|archivedate=2012-07-11}}</ref>
 
===2007===
On January 29, 2007 Local Universal results were upgraded and more data included in the main Google results page.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/01/find-and-compare-local-businesses.html |title=Find and Compare Local Businesses |accessdate=August 25, 1010}}</ref> On February 28, 2007, Google Traffic info was officially launched to automatically include real-time [[traffic flow]] conditions to the maps of 30 major cities of the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2007/02/stuck-in-traffic.html |title=Stuck in Traffic? |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On March 8, 2007, the Local Business Center was upgraded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2007/03/08/google-upgrades-local-business-center/ |title=Google Upgrades Local Business Center |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On May 16, 2007 Google rolled out Universal search results, including more Map information on the main Google results page.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/05/local-businesses-in-universal-search.html |title=Local Businesses in Universal Search |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On May 18, 2007 Google added neighborhood search capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/05/posted-by-david-tussey-product-manager.html |title=Neighborhood Search Capability |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On May 29, 2007, Google driving directions support was added to the Google Maps API.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemapsapi.blogspot.com/2007/05/driving-directions-support-added-to.html |title=Driving Directions Support Added to Google Maps |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On May 29, 2007, ''Street View'' was added, giving a ground-level 360-degree view of streets in some major cities in United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2007/05/29/google-maps-launches-street-view/ |title=Google Maps Launches Street View |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref>
 
On June 19, 2007, reviews were allowed to be added directly to businesses on Google Maps.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/06/add-your-reviews-to-businesses-on.html |title=Add Your Reviews to Businesses on Google Maps |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On June 28, 2007, draggable driving directions were introduced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/06/its-click-drag-situation.html |title=It's Click and Drag Situation |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On July 31, 2007, support for the [[hCard]] [[microformat]] was announced.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemapsapi.blogspot.com/2007/06/microformats-in-google-maps.html |title=Microformats in Google Maps |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> Unfortunately, the implementation is broken.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} On August 21, 2007, Google announced a simple way  to embed Google Maps into other websites.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/press/annc/embed_maps.html |title=Google announces a simple new way to embed Google Maps |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On September 13, 2007, 54 new countries were added to Google Maps in Latin America and Asia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/09/more-of-world-for-you-to-explore.html |title=More of the World for You to Explore |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref>
 
On October 3, 2007, Google Transit was integrated into Google Maps making public transportation routing possible on Google Maps.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/10/google-transit-graduates-from-labs.html |title=Google Transit Graduates from Labs |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On October 27, 2007, Google Maps started mapping the [[geoweb]] and showing the results in Google Maps.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/10/community-maps-in-your-search-results_1522.html |title=Community Maps in your Search Results |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On October 27, 2007, Google Maps added a searchable interface for coupons in the business listings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2007/10/27/google-coupons-now-has-searchable-interface/ |title=Google Coupons Now Has Searchable Interface |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On November 27, 2007, "Terrain" view showing basic topographic features was added. The button for "Hybrid" view was removed, and replaced with a "Show labels" checkbox under the "Satellite" button to switch between "Hybrid" and "Satellite" views.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}
 
===2008===
On January 22, 2008, Google expanded the Local Onebox from three business listings to ten.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2008/01/22/google-maps-new-local-onebox-10-pack-now-live/ |title=Google Maps New Local Onebox 10 Pack Now Live |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On February 20, 2008, Google Maps allowed searches to be refined by User Rating and neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2008/02/20/google-maps-offers-refine-by-user-rating-option/ |title=Google Maps Offers Refine by User Rating Option |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On March 18, 2008, Google allowed end users to edit business listings and add new places.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/03/its-your-world-map-it.html |title=It's Your World, Map It |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On March 19, 2008, Google added unlimited category options in the Local Business Center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2008/03/19/google-local-business-center-upgrade-unlimited-category-options/ |title=Google Local Business Center Upgrade: Unlimited Category Options |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> On April 2, 2008, Google added contour lines to the Terrain view.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/04/last-summer-somewhere-in-adirondacks.html |title=Last Summer Somewhere in Adirondacks |accessdate=August 25, 2010}}</ref> In April 2008, a button to view recent Saved Locations was added to the right of the search field.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} In May 2008, a "More" button was added alongside the "Map", "Satellite", and "Terrain" buttons, permitting access to geographically related photos on [[Panoramio]] and articles on [[Wikipedia]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} On May 15, 2008, Google Maps was ported to Flash and ActionScript 3 as a foundation for richer internet applications.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} On July 15, 2008, walking directions were added.<ref name=doyouknow>{{cite web |url=http://maps-forum-announcements.blogspot.com/2009/01/do-you-know-how-many-maps-features-have.html |title=Do you know how many Maps features have been launched in the past 6 months? |first=Jade |date=January 13, 2009 |work=Google Maps Water Cooler |accessdate=May 10, 2009}}</ref> On August 4, 2008, Street View launched in Japan and Australia.<ref name=doyouknow /> On August 5, 2008, the user interface was redesigned.<ref name=doyouknow />
 
On August 29, 2008, Google signed a deal under which [[GeoEye]] would supply them with imagery from a satellite,<ref>{{cite web|last=Shankland |first=Stephen |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10028842-93.html |title=Google to buy GeoEye satellite imagery &#124; Digital Media – CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=August 29, 2008 |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref> and introduced the Map Maker tool, which allows any user to improve the map data seen by all.<ref name=doyouknow />  On September 9, 2008, a reverse business lookup feature was added.<ref name=doyouknow />  On September 23, 2008, information for the New York City [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority (New York)|Metropolitan Transit Authority]] was added.<ref name=doyouknow />  On October 7, 2008, GeoEye-1 took its first image, a bird's-eye view of [[Kutztown University]] in Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/10/geoeye-1-super.html |title=Google’s Super Satellite Captures First Image &#124; Wired Science &#124; Wired.com |publisher=Blog.wired.com |date=October 8, 2008 |accessdate=January 12, 2010 |first=Brian X. |last=Chen}}</ref> On October 26, 2008, reverse geocoding was added to the Maps API.<ref name=doyouknow />  On November 11, 2008, Street View in Spain, Italy, and France was introduced.<ref name=doyouknow />  On November 23, 2008, AIR support for the Maps API for Flash was added.<ref name=doyouknow />  On November 25, 2008, a new user interface for Street View was introduced.<ref name=doyouknow />  On November 27, 2008, maps, local business information, and local trends for China were introduced.<ref name=doyouknow />  On December 9, 2008, 2x Street View coverage was introduced.<ref name=doyouknow />
 
===2009===
On Mar 19, 2009 Street View was launched in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.co.uk/2009/03/street-view-cures-homesick-blues.html | title=Street View cures the homesick blues}}</ref> In May, 2009, a new Google Maps logo was introduced.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/new-logo-look.html|title=New logo look}}</ref> In early October 2009, Google replaced [[Tele Atlas]] as their primary supplier of geospatial data in the US version of Maps and use their own data.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blumenthals.com/blog/2009/10/12/google-replaces-tele-atlas-data-in-us-with-google-data/ |title=Google Replaces Tele Atlas Data in US with Google StreetView Data |date= October 12, 2009|publisher= blumenthals.com}}</ref> In October 2009, the railroads were redone, featuring a slightly new look and updated, removing older lines.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} Also in the same month, maps in several areas were changed to include [[paper street]]s and other odd roads that don't exist, as well as lot lines showing up on the map interface.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}
 
===2010===
On February 11, 2010, Google Maps Labs was added. On March 11, 2010, Street View in Hong Kong and Macau were launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.co.uk/2010/03/street-view-of-old-and-new.html
| title = Street View in Hong Kong and Macau, March 11, 2010 at 3:05 PM }}</ref> On May 25, 2010, public transportation routing for Denmark was added by integrating with Rejseplanen.dk.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.version2.dk/artikel/14959-nu-kan-du-tage-bussen-med-google-maps-i-danmark |title=Nu kan du tage bussen med Google Maps i Danmark |language=Danish}}</ref> {{As of|2010|12}} [[Internet Explorer]] 7.0+, [[Firefox]] 3.6+, [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] 3.1+, and [[Google Chrome]] are supported.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maps.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=16532 |title=Google Maps Help |publisher=Maps.google.com |date= |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref>
 
===2011===
On April 8, 2011 Google announced that it would begin charging for API usage by commercial sites over a limit.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mitchell |first=Thor |url=http://googlegeodevelopers.blogspot.com/2011/04/updates-to-google-maps-apigoogle-earth.html |title=Updates to the Google Maps/Google Earth APIs Terms of Service |publisher=Googlegeodevelopers.blogspot.com |date=2011-04-08 |accessdate=2012-04-25}}</ref> They also introduced a premium licensed service.
 
On April 19, 2011, Map Maker was added to US Google Maps, allowing any viewer to edit and add changes to Google Maps. This provides Google with local map updates almost in real time instead waiting for digital map data companies to release more infrequent updates.
 
===2012===
On January 31, 2012, Google, due to offering its Maps for free, was found guilty of abusing the dominant position of its Google Maps application and ordered by a court to pay a fine and damages to Bottin Cartographes, a French mapping company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hpu8TuRZEBjM30sFn8c7QvMWNjXA?docId=CNG.108b2dd2393721c4759b1eec0730b297.171 |title=AFP: France convicts Google Maps for unfair competition |publisher=Google.com |date=2012-02-01 |accessdate=2012-04-25}}</ref>
 
On May 30, 2012, Google Places was replaced by Google+ Local, which now integrates directly with the [[Google+]] service to allow users to post photos and reviews of locations directly to its page on the service. Additionally, Google+ Local and Maps also now feature detailed reviews and ratings from [[Zagat]], which was acquired by Google in September 2011.<ref name=pc-zag>{{cite web|title=Zagat goes free with launch of Google+ Local|url=http://paidcontent.org/2012/05/30/zagat-free-google-plus-local/|publisher=paidContent|accessdate=30 May 2012}}</ref>
 
In June 2012, Google started mapping Britain's rivers and canals in partnership with the Canal and River Trust. The company has stated that it will update the program during the year to allow users to plan trips which include locks, bridges and towpaths along the 2,000 miles of river paths in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/google/9340833/Google-begins-mapping-UK-rivers.html |title=Google begins mapping UK rivers |publisher=Telegraph |date=2012-06-19 |accessdate=2012-06-20}}</ref>
 
It was announced on October 11 that Google updated 250,000 miles of roads in the US.<ref>{{cite web|last=Golijan|first=Rosa|title=Google updates more  than 250K miles of road in Street View maps|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/technology/gadgetbox/google-updates-more-250k-miles-road-street-view-maps-1C6406626|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=11 October 2012}}</ref>
 
In December 2012, the Google Maps application was separately made available in the App Store, after Apple removed it from its default installation of the mobile operating system version [[iOS 6]]. In the face of numerous complaints about the newly released Apple Maps application, Apple CEO [[Tim Cook]] was forced to make an apology and recommend other similar applications.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google Maps for iOS Hits Apple App Store|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2413179,00.asp|publisher= PCMag|accessdate=December 12, 2012}}</ref>
 
===2013===
On January 29, 2013, Google Maps was updated to include a map of [[North Korea]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Google Maps North Korea: Prison Camps, Nuclear Complexes Pinpointed In New Images (PHOTOS)|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/29/google-maps-north-korea-prison-camps-nuclear-complex-gulags_n_2573238.html|accessdate=20 May 2013|newspaper=The Huffington Post|date=29 January 2013|author=Cavan Sieczkowski}}</ref>
 
On March 27, 2013, Google launched Google Maps Engine Lite, a simplified version of its commercial Maps Engine product which is meant to eventually replace the [[Google Maps#Google My Maps|My Maps]] feature.<ref>{{cite web|title=Create, collaborate and share advanced custom maps with Google Maps Engine Lite (Beta)|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/create-collaborate-and-share-advanced.html|work=Google Maps|publisher=Google, Inc|accessdate=20 May 2013|author=Beth Liebert|date=27 March 2013}}</ref>
 
On April 23, 2013, Street View was launched in [[Hungary]] and Lesotho, expanding the coverage of Google Maps' 360-degree mapping imagery to fifty countries. During the same time period, Google also completed the "largest single update of Street View imagery" ever, with photos of over {{convert|350,000|mi|km}} of road across fourteen countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google Street View Expands to 50 Countries|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2418069,00.asp|work=PC Mag|publisher=Ziff Davis|accessdate=20 May 2013|author=Chloe Albanesius|date=23 April 2013}}</ref>
 
As of May 3, 2013, Google Maps recognizes [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] as a country, instead of redirecting to the [[Palestinian territories]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Google changes Palestinian location from 'Territories' to 'Palestine'|url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/05/03/google-recognizes-palestinian/|accessdate=20 May 2013|newspaper=Fox News|date=3 May 2013|agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
 
Google announced on its Google Maps blog on May 15, 2013 that a new upgraded version of Google Maps is available for use by those registered Google users who request an invitation. The new Google Maps can create a customized map that is specific to the behavior of each user, revealing highlights that are based on the information that is entered, and providing useful local information such as restaurants. A new feature is a carousel that gathers all Google Maps imagery in one location and contains an Earth view that directly integrates the 3D experience from Google Earth into the new maps. The new version is also more closely connected to [[Google+]] and the local businesses that are displayed are based on each user's Google+ network. Advertisements in the new Google Maps have been redesigned and short sections of advertisements are placed directly onto the map itself, alongside the business name.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the new Google Maps: A map for every person and place|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2013/05/meet-new-google-maps-map-for-every.html|work=Google Maps|publisher=Google, Inc|accessdate=20 May 2013|author=Bernhard Seefeld|coauthors=Yatin Chawathe|date=15 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Google Maps Gets a Brand New Look|url=http://searchenginewatch.com/article/2268736/Google-Maps-Gets-a-Brand-New-Look?wt.mc_ev=click&WT.tsrc=Email&utm_term=&utm_content=Google%20Maps%20Gets%20a%20Brand%20New%20Look&utm_campaign=05%2F20%2F13%20-%20SEW%20Weekly&utm_source=Search%20Engine%20Watch%20Weekly&utm_medium=Email|work=Search Engine Watch|publisher=Incisive Interactive Marketing LLC|accessdate=20 May 2013|author=Jennifer Slegg|date=16 May 2013}}</ref>
<!-- on 24 June 2013' Street view On Turkey 360 View 24 June 2013  -->
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In August 2013, Google Maps removed the Wikipedia Layer, which provided links to Wikipedia content about locations shown in Google Maps using [[Wikipedia:How to add geocodes to articles|Wikipedia geocodes]].<ref>''[http://www.seroundtable.com/wikipedia-layer-gone-google-maps-17342.html Google Maps Drops Wikipedia Layer].'' [[Search Engine Roundtable]]. (September 10, 2013)</ref>
 
===2014===
 
On January 5, 2014, Street View was launched in [[Nigeria]], expanding the coverage of Google Maps' 360-degree mapping imagery to 57 countries. During the same time period, Google also completed the "largest single update of Street View imagery ever" with photos of over {{convert|370,000|mi|km|}} of roadways.<ref>{{cite web|title=Google Street View Expands to 57 Countries|url=http://www.pc.mag.com/article2/0.2817.2418069.00.asp|work=PCMag|publisher=Ziff Davis|author=Chloe Albanesius|date=5 January 2014}}</ref>
 
==Google's use of Google Maps==
 
===Google Moon===
{{Main|Google Moon}}
[[Image:Google-moon.png|thumb|Google Moon]]
In honor of the 36th anniversary of the [[Apollo 11]] moon landing on July 20, 1969, Google took [[public domain]] imagery of the [[Moon]], integrated it into the Google Maps interface, and created a tool called Google Moon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://moon.google.com |title=Google Moon |publisher=Moon.google.com |date= |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref> By default this tool, with a reduced set of features, also displays the points of landing of all [[Apollo program|Apollo]] spacecraft to land on the Moon. It also included an [[easter egg (virtual)|easter egg]], displaying a [[Swiss cheese]] design at the highest zoom level, which Google has since removed.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} A recent collaborative project between [[NASA Ames Research Center]] and Google is integrating and improving the data that is used for Google Moon. This is the [http://ti.arc.nasa.gov/tech/asr/intelligent-robotics/planetary/ Planetary Content]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ti.arc.nasa.gov/tech/asr/intelligent-robotics/planetary/ |title=Intelligent Systems Division &#124; Project |publisher=Ti.arc.nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref> Project. Google Moon was linked from a special commemorative version of the Google logo displayed at the top of the main Google search page for July 20, 2005 ([[UTC]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com |title=Google |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050720082857/http://www.google.com/ |archivedate=July 20, 2005}}</ref>
 
===Google Mars===
{{Main|Google Mars}}
[[Image:GoogleMars.png|thumb|Google Mars]]
Google Mars provides a visible [[satellite imagery|imagery]] view, like Google Moon, as well as [[infrared]] imagery and shaded relief ([[elevation]]) of the planet [[Mars]]. Users can toggle between the elevation, visible, and infrared data, in the same manner as switching between map, satellite, and hybrid modes of Google Maps. In collaboration with [[NASA]] scientists at the [[Mars Space Flight Facility]] located at [[Arizona State University]], Google has provided the public with data collected from two NASA Mars missions, [[Mars Global Surveyor]] and [[2001 Mars Odyssey]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/mars/about.html |title=About Google Mars |publisher=Google.com |date= |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref>
 
Now, with [[Google Earth]] 5 it is possible to access new improved Google Mars data at a much higher resolution, as well as being able to view the terrain in 3D, and viewing panoramas from various Mars landers in a similar way to Google Street View.
 
===Google Sky===
{{Main|Google Sky}}
{{Expand section|date=December 2010}}
On August 27, 2007, Google introduced Google Sky, an online space mapping tool that allows users to pan through a map of the visible universe, using photographs taken by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]].
 
===Google Ride Finder===
Google launched an experimental Google Maps-based tool called '''Ride Finder''', tapping into in-car [[GPS]] units for a selection of participating taxi and limousine services. The tool displays the current location of all supported vehicles of the participating services in major US cities, including Chicago and San Francisco, on a Google Maps street map. {{As of|2009}} the tool seems to be discontinued. Not to be confused with [[carpooling]].
 
===Google Transit===
{{further|International availability of Google Transit}}
{{see also|Google Transit Feed Specification}}
In December 2005, Google launched [[public transport route planner]] Google Transit on [[Google Labs]], a 20% project of Chris Harrelson and Avichal Garg.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chan |first=Sewell |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/23/google-tool-gives-new-york-transit-help/ |title=Google Transit Expands to New York - City Room Blog - NYTimes.com |publisher=Cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com |date=September 23, 2008 |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref> Google Transit launched initially with support for [[Portland, Oregon]], and now includes hundreds of cities in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, India and New Zealand. The service calculates route, transit time and cost, and can compare the trip to one using a car. In October 2007 Google Transit graduated from Google Labs and became fully integrated into Google Maps.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2007/10/google-transit-graduates-from-labs.html |title=Google LatLong: Google Transit Graduates from Labs |publisher=Google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=October 3, 2007 |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref>
 
The coverage of Google Transit is publicly available. It is spread worldwide, in hundreds of cities and sometimes in entire countries such as China, Japan, Switzerland. The coverage of major cities in the United States and in Canada is almost exhaustive. In some areas (North East, North West, South West, Wales, West Midlands and Yorkshire) of the United Kingdom, Google Transit covers only part of the transit agencies. In other areas, Google Transit does not provide public transit directions, but still provides the Transit Layer which overlays the schematic of the transit lines on the map. Notable examples include Paris, Berlin, Mexico City and many other capitals around the world.
 
===Google Biking directions===
On March 10, 2010, Google added the possibility to search for biking directions on Google Maps. Optimal routes are calculated from traffic, elevation change, bike paths, bike lanes, and preferred roads for biking. An optional layer also shows different types of biking paths, from bike-only trails to preferred roads. This service is available in the US<ref>{{cite web|last=Guymon |first=Shannon |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2010/03/biking-directions-added-to-google-maps.html |title=Biking directions added to Google Maps |publisher=Googleblog.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Leen |first=John |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/03/its-time-to-bike.html |title=It's time to bike |publisher=Google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=2010-03-10 |accessdate=2010-08-27}}</ref> and Canada,<ref>{{cite web|last=Guymon |first=Shannon |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/12/gearing-up-biking-directions-added-to.html |title=Gearing up: Biking directions added to Google Maps for Canada |publisher=google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=2010-12-01 |accessdate=2011-01-21}}</ref> and is in [[beta testing]] in some other countries such as Singapore.
In May 2013, Google Map's biking direction added 6 more European countries: [[France]], [[Ireland]], [[Germany]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Luxembourg]] and [[Poland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland|title=Poland|date=May 2, 2013}}</ref>
 
===Google My Maps===
In April 2007, My Maps was a new feature added to Google's local search maps. My Maps lets users and businesses create their own map by positioning markers, polylines and polygons onto a map. The interface is a straightforward overlay on the map. A set of eighty-four pre-designed markers is available, ranging from bars and restaurants to webcam and earthquake symbols. Polyline and Polygon color, width and opacity are selectable. Maps modified using My Maps can be saved for later viewing and made public or marked as unlisted, in which case a user will need the saved URL with a 42-character unique ID.
 
Each element added to a My Map has an editable tag. This tag can contain text, rich text or HTML. Embeddable video and other content can be included within the HTML tag.
 
Upon the launch of My Maps there was no facility to embed the created maps into a webpage or blog. A few independent websites have now produced tools to let users embed maps and add further functionality to their maps.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=embed+my+maps |title=embed my maps – Google Search |publisher=Google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=January 12, 2010}}</ref> This has been resolved with version 2.78.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}
 
===Google Street View===
{{Main|Google Street View}}
 
On May 25, 2007, Google released Street View, a new feature of Google Maps which provides 360° panoramic street-level views of various locations. On the date of release, the feature only included five cities in the US. It has since expanded to thousands of locations around the world.
 
In July 2009, Google began mapping college campuses and surrounding paths and trails.
 
Street View garnered much controversy after its release because of privacy concerns about the uncensored nature of the panoramic photographs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ifpandnpthenwe.gnn.tv/headlines/14488/The_Google_ick_factor |title=The Google 'ick' factor |date=July 15, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/06/want_off_street.html |title=Want Off Street View? |date=July 15, 2007 |publisher=Wired |first=Kevin |last=Poulsen}}</ref> Since then, Google has begun blurring faces through automatic face detection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9943140-7.html |title=Google begins blurring faces in Street View |date=May 13, 2008 |publisher=CBS Interactive Inc}}</ref>
 
===Google Aerial View===
{{main|Google Aerial View}}
In December 2009, Google released Aerial View, consisting of angled aerial imagery, offering a "[[bird's eye view]]" of cities. The first cities available were [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] and [[San Diego, California|San Diego]]. This feature was available only to developers via the Google Maps [[API]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson |first=Randy |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2009/12/changing-your-perspective.html |title=Google LatLong: Changing your perspective |publisher=Google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=2009-12-08 |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref> In February 2010 it was introduced  as an experimental feature in Google Maps Labs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mitchell |first=Thor |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/02/introducing-google-maps-labs-your.html |title=Google LatLong: Introducing Google Maps Labs, your passport to a world of new features |publisher=Google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=2010-02-12 |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref>
 
In July 2010, Aerial View was made available in Google Maps in select cities in the United States and worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson |first=Randy |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/07/changing-your-perspective-once-again.html |title=Google LatLong: Changing your perspective, once again |publisher=Google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=2010-07-09 |accessdate=2010-09-18}}</ref>
 
===Google Latitude===
{{Main|Google Latitude}}
Google Latitude is a feature from Google that lets users share their physical locations with other people. This service is based on Google Maps, specifically on mobile devices. There's an iGoogle widget for Desktops and Laptops as well.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/02/see-where-your-friends-are-with-google.html |title=See where your friends are with Google Latitude |date=February 4, 2009}}</ref> Some concerns have been expressed about the privacy issues raised by the use of the service.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7872026.stm |title=Privacy fears over Google tracker |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=February 16, 2009 | date=February 5, 2009}}</ref>
 
===Google Flu Vaccine Finder===
 
Google retired its Flu Vaccine Finder in April 2012, but worked closely with [[HealthMap]] to launch HealthMap Flu Vaccine Finder.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/04/spring-cleaning-in-spring.html |title=Official Google Blog: Spring-cleaning … in spring! |publisher=Googleblog.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-03}}</ref>
 
===Monopoly City Streets===
 
[[Monopoly City Streets]] was a live worldwide version of the game [[Monopoly (game)|Monopoly]] using Google Maps as the game board. It was created by Google and [[Hasbro]]. The game has since ended.<ref>{{cite news|author=|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/gamesblog/2009/sep/07/1 |title=New online Monopoly game is streets ahead |publisher=Guardian |date=September 7, 2009 |accessdate=January 12, 2010 | location=London}}</ref>
 
===Indoor Google Maps===
 
In November 2011 indoor maps were added to Google Maps for Android, giving users the ability to navigate themselves within buildings such as airports, museums, shopping malls, universities and other public spaces.  Google allows owners of public facilities to submit floor plans to their buildings in order to add them to the service.<ref>[http://support.google.com/gmm/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=1685827&topic=1685871&ctx=topic List of current locations with indoor maps]</ref>
 
===Google Business Photos===
 
Initially offered in April 2010 to select cities around the United States,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2010/04/show-your-customers-whats-in-store.html |title=See what’s in store |publisher=google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=2010-04-21 |accessdate=2013-06-16}}</ref> Google Business Photos has expanded to 23 different countries, including over 180 cities in the United States. The program is run by Google but the photography is taken by specially certified photographers (called Google Trusted Photographers). The regions currently being served are the US, Canada, Spain, Italy, the UK, France, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Photographers can take up to 200 panoramas per business location.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smart360photography.co.uk/prices |title=Sample SLA from a Google Trusted Photographer |publisher=Smart360Photography.co.uk |date=2013-09-07 |accessdate=2013-11-07}}</ref> Google has [http://maps.google.com/help/maps/businessphotos/ set up a website] where interested businesses can get more information.
 
===My Places===
 
When signed into an Google account, one of the features on maps is My Places. This feature allows users to create maps that they can then save to their account, adding pins in different places. Maps can be created to show directions to common places one may go, provide directions that can then easily be shared, maps of places they have traveled in the world, or places that they may want to go. The options are endless and My Places allows users to save the maps they have been working on to look back on or edit at any point.
 
==NSA's and GCHQ's use of Google Maps for user surveillance==
On 27 January 2014, documents leaked by [[Edward Snowden]] revealed that the [[NSA]] and the [[GCHQ]] intercepted Google Maps queries made on smartphones, and used them to locate the users making these queries. One leaked document, dating to 2008, stated that "[i]t effectively means that anyone using Google Maps on a smartphone is working in support of a GCHQ system."<ref>http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/27/nsa-gchq-smartphone-app-angry-birds-personal-data</ref>
 
==Mashups==
{{Main|Mashup (web application hybrid)}}
Google Maps interface links through the "Wikipedia layer" to the [[Geotagging|geo-tags]] placed in [[English Wikipedia]] articles, but does not support non-English ones, reducing its usefulness in non-English languages and in non-English speaking territories. It also links to photos with [[GPS]] tags from [[Panoramio]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}
 
[[Isochrone map]]s can be generated using the Google Maps [[Application programming interface|API]].<ref name="dzone api">{{cite web | url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface| title=API | publisher=DZone | date=18 January 18, 2010 | accessdate=March 21, 2012}}</ref>
 
==Copyright==
The Google Maps terms and conditions<ref name=terms>{{cite web|url=https://maps.google.com/help/terms_maps.html |title=Google Maps Terms |publisher=Maps.google.com |date= |accessdate=January 13, 2010}}</ref> state that usage of material from Google Maps is regulated by Google Terms of Service<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/terms/ |title=Google Terms of Service |publisher=Google.com |date=2007-04-16 |accessdate=2010-01-13}}</ref> and some additional restrictions.
Google has either purchased local map data from established companies, or has entered into lease agreements to use copyrighted map data. The owner of the copyright is listed at the bottom of zoomed maps. For example street maps in Japan are leased from [[Zenrin]]. Street maps in China are leased from [[Mapabc]]. Russian street maps are leased from Geocentre Consulting and Tele Atlas. Data for [[North Korea]] is sourced from the companion project [[Google Map Maker]].
 
==Errors==
{{See also|Satellite map images with missing or unclear data}}
 
===Fixing and reporting errors===
In areas where [[Google Map Maker]] is available, for example, much of Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe as well as the United States and Canada, anyone who logs into their Google account can directly improve the map by fixing incorrect driving directions, adding biking trails, or adding a missing building or road. General map errors in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States can be reported using the Report a Problem link in Google Maps and will be updated by Google.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://support.google.com/maps/answer/162873?hl=en&rd=1|accessdate=August 11, 2011|title=Fix an error on Google Maps|publisher=Google}}</ref> For areas where Google uses [[Tele Atlas]] data, map errors can be reported using Tele Atlas map insight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapinsight.teleatlas.com/|accessdate=August 11, 2011|title=Tele Atlas Map Insight map feedback|publisher=Tele Atlas}}</ref>
 
If imagery is missing, outdated, misaligned, or generally incorrect, one can notify Google through their contact request form.<ref>[https://support.google.com/maps/answer/162873?rd=1 Google contact request form]</ref>
 
===Maps data===
Google Maps has difficulty processing ZIP code data when dealing with cross-boundary situations. For example, users are unable to obtain a route from Hong Kong to Shenzhen via Shatoujiao, because Google Maps does not display and plan the road map of two overlapping places.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=22.568374,114.252405&spn=0.3,0.3&t=h&q=22.568374,114.252405 |publisher=Google Maps |title=Map of Shatoujiao that stretch across the border of Hong Kong and Shenzhen |accessdate=December 5, 2008}}</ref>
 
Sometimes the names of geographical locations are inaccurate.  An example of this type of error may be found in Google Maps [[Laona, Wisconsin]]. In this instance Google Maps identifies one of the town's two major lakes as "Dawson Lake";<ref>Google Maps [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&client=&rls=en-us&q=laona+wi&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&gl=us&ei=OYxHSpGPNpTUNYOjubAC&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&ct=image&resnum=1 Laona, Wisconsin]</ref> the [[USGS]], State of [[Wisconsin]], and local government maps all identify that map feature as "Scattered Rice Lake".<ref>State of Wisconsin DNR [http://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/fhp/lakes/lakemap/0555200z.htm Scattered Rice Lake]</ref> Another example is [[Samoa]], labeled with "Western Samoa", accurate only as recently as 1997.
 
In 2011, Google Maps mislabeled the entire length of [[US Route 30]] from [[Astoria, Oregon]] to [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] as being concurrent with [[Quebec Route 366]].<ref name=kyw>{{cite web|url=http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/2011/06/30/route-30-incorrectly-labeled-quebec-route-366-by-google-maps/|title=Route 30 Mislabeled On Google Maps|date=June 30, 2011|publisher=[[KYW-TV]]|accessdate=April 5, 2012}}</ref>
 
===Business listings===
Google collates business listings from multiple on-line and off-line sources. To reduce duplication in the index, Google's algorithm combines listings automatically based on address, phone number, or geocode,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://productforums.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!category-topic/maps/map-wont-load/V5T0RwCyBoU |title=The Google Local map results have "merged" our listing with another in the same building – Maps Help |publisher=Google.com |date=April 22, 2009 |accessdate=January 13, 2010}}</ref> but sometimes information for separate businesses will be inadvertently merged with each other, resulting in listings inaccurately incorporating elements from multiple businesses.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://blumenthals.com/blog/2009/04/29/google-maps-merging-mania-due-to-algo-change/|title=Google Maps Merging Mania Due to Algo-Change| date=April 29, 2009}}</ref>
 
Google has also recruited volunteers to check and correct ground truth data.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/technology/internet/17maps.html New York Times, 2009-11-17] Google volunteers</ref>
 
Google Maps can easily be manipulated by businesses which aren't physically located in the area they record a listing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://econsultancy.com/uk/blog/5827-sneaky-ways-to-top-google-s-local-listings |title=Sneaky ways to top Google's local listings |publisher=Econsultancy |date=2010-04-30 |accessdate=2013-01-03}}</ref> There are cases of people abusing Google Places to overtake their competition where they place a number of unverified listings on online directory sites knowing the information will roll across to Google (duplicate sites). The people that update these listings do not use a registered business name.  Keywords and location details are placed on their Google Places business title which overtake credible business listings. In Australia in particular, genuine companies and businesses are noticing a disturbing trend of fake business listings in a variety of industries.{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}
 
===Imagery===
Street map overlays, in some areas, may not match up precisely with the corresponding satellite images. The street data may be entirely erroneous, or simply out of date: "The biggest challenge is the currency of data, the authenticity of data," said Google Earth representative [[Brian McClendon]]. As a result, in March 2008 Google added a feature to edit the locations of houses and businesses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maps.google.com/help/maps/edit/ |title=Improve information in Google Maps for the world to see |publisher=Google |date=Unknown Publish Date}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Balakrishnan |first=Ramesh |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.com/2008/03/its-your-world-map-it.html |title=Google LatLong: It's your world. Map it |publisher=Google-latlong.blogspot.com |date=March 18, 2008 |accessdate=January 13, 2010}}</ref>
 
Restrictions have been placed on Google Maps through the apparent censoring of locations deemed potential security threats. In some cases the area of redaction is for specific buildings, but in other cases, such as Washington, D.C.,<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/21/AR2007072101296.html |title=Google's View of D.C. Melds New and Sharp, Old and Fuzzy |date=July 22, 2007 |publisher= Washington Post |first=Jenna |last=Johnson |accessdate=May 3, 2010}}</ref> the restriction is to use outdated imagery. These locations are fully listed on [[Satellite map images with missing or unclear data]].
 
===Different domains===
There are some differences in frontier alignments between Google Ditu and Google Maps. On Google Maps, sections of the Chinese border with India and Pakistan are shown with dotted lines, indicating areas or frontiers in dispute. However, Google Ditu shows the Chinese frontier strictly according to Chinese claims with no dotted lines indicating the border with India and Pakistan. For example, the [[South Tibet]] region claimed by China but administered by India as a large part of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] is shown inside the Chinese frontier by Google Ditu, with Indian highways ending abruptly at the Chinese claim line. Google Ditu also shows Taiwan and the [[South China Sea Islands]] as part of China. {{As of|2009|05}}, Google Ditu's street map coverage of Taiwan also omits major state organs, such as the Presidential Palace, the [[Five-Power Constitution|five Yuans]], and the Supreme Court.
 
There are some differences between ditu.google.''cn'' and ditu.google.''com''.  For example, the former does not feature My Maps.  On the other hand, while the former displays virtually all text in Chinese, the latter displays most text (user-selectable real text as well as those on map) in English.  This behavior of displaying English text is not consistent but intermittent – sometimes it is in English, sometimes it is in Chinese.  The criteria for choosing which language is displayed are not known publicly.
 
===Miscellaneous===
The Wikipedia option of Google Maps has introduced interesting errors by incorporating incorrect or wildly misleading data:
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=80.202298,80.17456&num=1&t=h&sll=80.647035,68.730469&sspn=10.391769,79.013672&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=80.197436,80.244141&spn=2.610967,19.753418&z=6&lci=org.wikipedia.en  Chennai district of India found in the Arctic's Kara Sea]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=74.54333,21.533203&spn=16.963296,79.013672&t=h&z=4&iwloc=lyrftr:org.wikipedia.en,17583068675193063158,73.428424,4.306641&lci=org.wikipedia.en  Giraavaru (Kaafu Atoll) ] in the Arctic instead of [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=Male%27+Atoll&sll=80.197436,80.244141&sspn=2.610967,19.753418&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Maale+Atholhu+Uthuruburi&t=h&z=7&lci=org.wikipedia.en  Male' Atoll] in the [[Indian Ocean]]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&q=south+magnetic+pole&sll=74.54333,21.533203&sspn=16.963296,79.013672&ie=UTF8&hq=martian+crater&hnear=&ll=81.947846,-109.863281&spn=4.333294,39.506836&t=h&z=5&iwloc=lyrftr:org.wikipedia.en,16510424413242733632,81.052297,-110.126953&lci=org.wikipedia.en  South Magnetic Pole ] located very near the [[North Magnetic Pole]]
 
In October 2010, [[Nicaragua]]n military commander [[Edén Pastora]] stationed Nicaraguan troops on the [[Isla Calero]] (in the delta of the [[San Juan River (Nicaragua)|San Juan River]]), justifying his action on the border delineation given by Google Maps. [[Bing Maps]] depicts the island to be on the Costa Rican side of the border. Google has since updated its data which it found to be incorrect.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2010-11-05/tech/nicaragua.raid.google.maps_1_google-maps-google-spokeswoman-google-earth?_s=PM:TECH |title=CNN: "Google Maps border becomes part of international dispute" |publisher=Articles.cnn.com |date=2010-11-05 |accessdate=2012-04-25}}</ref>
 
==Map projection==
Google Maps is based on a close variant of the [[Mercator projection]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/maptypes#MapCoordinates |title=Map Types - Google Maps JavaScript API v3 — Google Developers |publisher=Developers.google.com |date=2012-07-27 |accessdate=2013-01-03}}</ref> If the Earth were perfectly spherical, the projection would be the same as the Mercator. Google Maps uses the formulæ for the spherical Mercator, but the coordinates of features on Google Maps are the [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] coordinates based on the [[World Geodetic System|WGS 84]] [[datum (geodesy)|datum]]. The difference between a sphere and the WGS 84 [[ellipsoid]] causes the resultant projection not to be precisely [[Conformal map|conformal]]. The discrepancy is imperceptible at the global scale but causes maps of local areas to deviate slightly from true ellipsoidal Mercator maps at the same scale.
 
Assuming that <math>\,dE</math> and <math>\,dN</math> are the components of infinitesmal local ENU coordinates, their breadth and length projected on the map are described as follows:
: <math>  \begin{align}
& dx = a_\text{map} \left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{1-e^2 \sin^2 \varphi }}\right)^{-1} \sec \varphi \, dE ,\\
& dy = a_\text{map} \left(\frac{a(1- e^2)}{\left(1-e^2 \sin^2 \varphi\right)^{3/2}}\right)^{-1} \sec \varphi \, dN ,
\end{align}
</math>
where <math>\,\varphi</math> is [[geodetic latitude]], <math>\,e</math> is the first [[Eccentricity (mathematics)|eccentricity]] of the ellipsoid of the Earth, <math>\,a</math> is the [[semi-major axis]] of the Earth, and <math>\,a_\text{map}</math> is that at the scale of the map as drawn (see "[[Geodetic system#Geodetic to/from ECEF coordinates|Geodetic system]]" and "[[Mercator projection#Mathematics of the projection|Mercator projection]]"). Google Maps uses<ref>{{cite web|url=http://code.google.com/apis/maps/documentation/javascript/maptypes.html#MapCoordinates |title=Google Maps JavaScript API V3 |publisher=Code.google.com |date= |accessdate=2012-04-25}}</ref>
: <math>
a_\text{map} = \frac{256 \times 2^{\text{zoom Level}}}{2 \pi} \ \text{pixels} .
</math>
 
Because the Mercator projects the poles at infinity, Google Maps cannot show the poles. Instead it cuts off coverage at 85.051125° north and south which is atan(sinh(π))×180/π, a requirement that the map is a square. This is not considered a limitation, given the purpose of the service.
 
==Comparable services==
*[[Apple Maps]] – Apple's map service was launched in 2012 with [[iOS 6]] to replace the Google Maps application on iOS devices.
*[[Bing Maps]] – Microsoft's mapping service with road maps and aerial/satellite imagery
*[[MapQuest]]
*[[OpenStreetMap]] – a royalty free, editable map of the world
*[[Géoportail]] – a French rival offering detailed aerial photographs of [[French territories]]
*[[NearMap]] - Australia specific aerial photography, regularly updated (paid subscription service).
*[[Nokia Maps]] – a service offered by Nokia that allows synchronizing with user's mobile phones
*[[Seat Pagine Gialle]] – an Italian competitor offering detailed satellite pictures of Italian territories and navigable street level panoramas of Rome (similar to Street View)
*[[Terralink International]]
*[[ViaMichelin]]
*[[Waze]]
*[[Yahoo! Maps]]
*[[Yandex Maps]] - maps by [[Yandex]], Google's major competitor in Russia and ex-USSR
 
==See also==
{{Portal|Atlas|Google}}
 
*[[Bhuvan]]
*[[Comparison of web map services]]
*''[[GeoGuessr]]
*''[[Google Maps Road Trip]]'' (live-streaming documentary)
*[[Historypin]]
*[[MUSCULAR]]
*[[Oruxmaps]] (able to use Google Maps, and offline maps)
*[[PlaceSpotting]]
*[[Sailwx|Ship location mapping service]]
*[[Wikipediavision]]
*[[WikiMapia]], a mashup combining Google Maps and a [[wiki]] aimed at "describing the whole planet earth"
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
[http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/09/how-google-builds-its-maps-and-what-it-means-for-the-future-of-everything/261913 How Google Builds Its Maps—and What It Means for the Future of Everything]
 
==External links==
<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:External links]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -->
*[https://maps.google.com Google Maps]
**[https://www.google.com/mobile/maps/ Mobile phone version]
**[https://www.google.com/sky/ Google Sky]
**[https://www.google.com/moon/ Google Moon]
**[https://www.google.com/mars/ Google Mars]
**[https://www.google.com/intl/en/landing/transit/ Google Transit]
*[https://sites.google.com/site/gmapsdevelopment/ Google Maps Development]
*[http://mapki.com/wiki/Google_Map_Parameters Google Maps parameters]{{dead link|date=November 2012}}
 
{{Google Inc.}}
{{GoogleMaps}}
{{android}}
{{Earth}}
 
[[Category:Google Maps| ]]
[[Category:Android (operating system) software]]
[[Category:BlackBerry software]]
[[Category:Google services|Maps]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2005]]
[[Category:IOS software|Maps]]
[[Category:Java platform software]]
[[Category:Keyhole Markup Language]]
[[Category:Mobile route-planning software]]
[[Category:Pocket PC software]]
[[Category:Route planning software]]
[[Category:Symbian software]]
[[Category:Web Map Services]]<!-- Does Google Maps really use WMS? -->
[[Category:Web mapping]]
[[Category:Websites which use Wikipedia]]
[[Category:Windows Mobile Standard software]]
[[Category:Google acquisitions]]

Revision as of 17:20, 17 October 2013

29 yr old Orthopaedic Surgeon Grippo from Saint-Paul, spends time with interests including model railways, top property developers in singapore developers in singapore and dolls. Finished a cruise ship experience that included passing by Runic Stones and Church. Template:Multiple issues Template:Infobox dot-com company

Google Maps is a web mapping service application and technology provided by Google, that powers many map-based services, including the Google Maps website, Google Ride Finder, Google Transit,[1] and maps embedded on third-party websites via the Google Maps API.[2] It offers street maps and a route planner for traveling by foot, car, bike (beta), or with public transportation. It also includes a locator for urban businesses in numerous countries around the world. Google Maps satellite images are not updated in real time, however, Google adds data to their Primary Database on a regular basis[3] and most of the images are no more than 3 years old.[4]

Google Maps uses a close variant of the Mercator projection, so it cannot accurately show areas around the poles. A related product is Google Earth, a stand-alone program which offers more globe-viewing features, including showing polar areas.

Google Maps for mobile is the world's most popular app for smartphones, with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it at least once during the month of August 2013.[5]

Satellite view

Most of the world's available satellite imagery are no more than 3 years old and updated on a regular basis.[6] Google Maps provides high-resolution aerial or satellite images for most urban areas of the world. However, all areas of the satellite imagery do not appear in the same resolution—less populated areas usually appear with less detail.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

Google's mapping engine prompted a surge of interest in satellite imagery, due to its easily pawnable and searchable mapping and satellite imagery tool.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Websites were created to feature satellite images of interesting natural and human-made landmarks, including such novelties as large writing visible in the imagery, famous stadiums, and unique geological formations.[7] Although Google uses the word satellite, most of the high-resolution imagery of cities is aerial photography taken from aircraft flying at Template:Convert to Template:Convert; however, most of the other imagery is from satellites.[8] Google Aerial View is provided in some urban areas.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

Security concerns

In 2005 the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) complained about the potential for terrorists to use the satellite images in planning attacks, with specific reference to the Lucas Heights nuclear reactor; however, the Federal Australian government did not support the organization's concern. At the time of the ANSTO complaint, Google had colored over some areas for security (mostly in the US), such as the rooftop of the White House and several other Washington, D.C., US buildings.[9][10][11]

Directions

Contiguous regions of Google Maps

Google Maps provides a route planner under "Get Directions".[12] Up to four modes of transportation are available depending on the area: driving, public transit (see the Google Transit section below), walking, and bicycling. In combination with Google Street View, issues like parking, turning lanes, and one-way streets can be viewed before traveling. Driving directions are covered as follows:

  • Most countries of mainland Eurasia and Africa are covered contiguously, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Canary Islands, Cyprus, Malta, Sri Lanka, most of Indonesia and Timor-Leste. China mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, Israel (including parts of the West Bank), Jordan, Lebanon and North Korea have directions available without connection to other states. Only public transit directions are provided for South Korea.
  • All countries of mainland North and Central America are covered contiguously.
  • All countries of mainland South America are covered. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela are treated contiguously, whereas Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname are not connected to other states.
  • All inhabited countries and territories in the Caribbean are covered, though in general there are no connections between islands.
  • Additionally, American Samoa, Australia, the Azores, Brunei, Cape Verde, The Comoros, The Cook Islands, the Faroe Islands, The Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Hawaii, Iceland, Japan, Madagascar, the Maldives, Mauritius, Mayotte, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, the Philippines, Réunion, São Tomé and Príncipe, the Seychelles, Samoa, Taiwan, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna are covered as stand-alone regions, as are Nuuk in Greenland, Sabah in Malaysia, parts of Papua New Guinea, parts of Solomon Islands and Socotra in Yemen.

Implementation

Like many other Google web applications, Google Maps uses JavaScript extensively.[13] As the user drags the map, the grid squares are downloaded from the server and inserted into the page. When a user searches for a business, the results are downloaded in the background for insertion into the side panel and map; the page is not reloaded. Locations are drawn dynamically by positioning a red pin (composed of several partially transparent PNGs) on top of the map images. A hidden IFrame with form submission is used because it preserves browser history. The site also uses JSON for data transfer rather than XML, for performance reasons. These techniques both fall under the broad Ajax umbrella. The result is termed a slippy map[14] and is implemented elsewhere in projects like OpenLayers.

In October 2011, Google announced MapsGL, a WebGL version of Maps with better renderings and smoother transitions.[15]

Extensibility and customization

As Google Maps is coded almost entirely in JavaScript and XML, some end users have reverse-engineered the tool and produced client-side scripts and server-side hooks which allowed a user or website to introduce expanded or customized features into the Google Maps interface.

Using the core engine and the map/satellite images hosted by Google, such tools can introduce custom location icons, location coordinates and metadata, and even custom map image sources into the Google Maps interface. The script-insertion tool Greasemonkey provides a large number of client-side scripts to customize Google Maps data.

Combinations with photo sharing websites, such as Flickr, are used to create "memory maps". Template:Clarify Using copies of the Keyhole satellite photos, users have taken advantage of image annotation features to provide personal histories and information regarding particular points of the area.

Google Maps API

After the success of reverse-engineered mashups such as chicagocrime.org and housingmaps.com, Google launched the Google Maps API in June 2005[16] to allow developers to integrate Google Maps into their websites. It is a free service, and Template:As of does not contain ads, but Google states in their terms of use that they reserve the right to display ads in the future.[17]

By using the Google Maps API, it is possible to embed Google Maps site into an external website, on to which site specific data can be overlaid. Although initially only a JavaScript API, the Maps API was expanded to include an API for Adobe Flash applications (but this has been deprecated), a service for retrieving static map images, and web services for performing geocoding, generating driving directions, and obtaining elevation profiles. Over 1,000,000[18] web sites use the Google Maps API, making it the most heavily used web application development API.[19]

The Google Maps API is free for commercial use, provided that the site on which it is being used is publicly accessible and does not charge for access, and is not generating more than 25 000 map accesses a day.[20][21] Sites that do not meet these requirements can purchase the Google Maps API for Business.[22]

The success of the Google Maps API has spawned a number of competing alternatives, including the Yahoo! Maps API, Bing Maps Platform, MapQuest Development Platform, and OpenLayers.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

In September 2011, Google announced it would discontinue a number of its products, including Google Maps API for Flash.[23]

Google Maps for mobile and other devices

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. In October 2005,[24] Google introduced a Java application called Google Maps for Mobile, intended to run on any Java-based phone or mobile device. Many of the web-based site's features are provided in the application.[25]

On November 4, 2009, Google Maps Navigation was released in conjunction with Google Android OS 2.0 Eclair on the Motorola Droid, adding voice commands, traffic reports, and street view support.[26] The initial release was limited to the United States.[27] The service was launched in the UK on 20 April 2010 and in large parts of continental western Europe on June 9, 2010.[28]

In March 2011 Google Vice President of Location Service, Marissa Mayer said that Google provided map services to 150 million users.[29]

In June 2012, Apple announced that they would replace Google Maps with their own maps service from iOS 6. However, on December 13, 2012, Google announced the availability of Google Maps in the Apple App Store, starting with the iPhone version.[30][31] Just hours after the Google Maps iOS app was released, it became the top free app in the App Store.[32]

It was announced on December 6, 2012 that Google Maps would make its way to the Wii U, Nintendo's eighth generation video game home console.[33] Accessibility to a variant of Google Street View on the Wii U was released in February 14, 2013 as an initially free downloadable app available via the Nintendo eShop. As of October 31, 2013, the app is no longer available for free.[34]

Google Maps parameters

In Google Maps, URL parameters are sometimes data-driven in their limits and the user interface presented by the web may or may not reflect those limits. In particular, the zoom level (denoted by the z parameter) supported varies. In less populated regions, the supported zoom levels might stop at around 18. In earlier versions of the API, specifying these higher values might result in no image being displayed. In Western cities, the supported zoom level generally stops at about 20. In some isolated cases, the data supports up to 23 or greater, as in these elephants or this view of people at a well in Chad, Africa. Different versions of the API and web interfaces may or may not fully support these higher levels.

As of October 2010, the Google map viewer updates its zoom bar to allow the user to zoom all the way when centered over areas that support higher zoom levels.

History

Acquisition

Google Maps first started as a C++ program designed by two Danish brothers Lars and Jens Rasmussen at the Sydney-based company Where 2 Technologies. It was first designed to be separately downloaded by users, but the company later pitched the idea for a purely Web-based product to Google management, changing the method of distribution.[35] In October 2004, the company was acquired by Google Inc[36] where it transformed into the web application Google Maps. In the same month, Google acquired Keyhole, a geospatial data visualization company, (with controversial investment from the CIA), whose marquee application suite, Earth Viewer, emerged as the highly successful Google Earth application in 2005 while other aspects of its core technology were integrated into Google Maps.[37]

2005

The application was first announced on the Google Blog on February 8, 2005,[38] and was located at Google. It originally only supported users of Internet Explorer and Mozilla web browsers, but support for Opera and Safari was added on February 25, 2005, but currentlyTemplate:When Opera is removed from the system requirements list. It was in beta for six months before becoming part of Google Local on October 6, 2005.

In April 2005, Google created Google Ride Finder using Google Maps. In June 2005, Google released the Google Maps API. In July 2005, Google began Google Maps and Google Local services for Japan, including road maps. On July 22, 2005, Google released "Hybrid View". Together with this change, the satellite image data was converted from plate carrée to Mercator projection, which makes for a less distorted image in the temperate climes latitudes. In July 2005, in honor of the thirty-sixth anniversary of the Apollo Moon landing, Google Moon was launched. In September 2005, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, Google Maps quickly updated its satellite imagery of New Orleans to allow users to view the extent of the flooding in various parts of that city. (Oddly, in March 2007, imagery showing hurricane damage was replaced with images from before the storm; this replacement was not made on Google Earth, which still uses post-Katrina imagery.)[39][40]

2006

From January 2006, Google Maps featured road maps for the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, and certain cities in the Republic of Ireland. Coverage of the area around Turin was added in time for the 2006 Winter Olympics. On January 23, 2006, Google Maps was updated to use the same satellite image database as Google Earth. On March 12, 2006, Google Mars[41] was launched, which features a draggable map and satellite imagery of the planet Mars. In April 2006, Google Local was merged into the main Google Maps site. On April 3, 2006, version 2 of the Maps API was released.[42]Template:Dead link On June 11, 2006, Google added geocoding capabilities to the API, satisfying the most developer-requested feature for this service.[43] On June 14, 2006, Google Maps for Enterprise was officially launched.[44] As a commercial service, it features intranet and advertisement-free implementations. Also in June, textured 3D building models were added into Google Earth.[45]

In July 2006 Google started including Google Maps business listings in the form of Local OneBoxes in the main Google search results.[46] In December 2006 Google integrated a feature called Plus Box into the main search results.[47] On December 19 Google added a feature that lets one add multiple destinations to their driving directions.[48] Beginning in February 2007, buildings and subway stops are displayed in Google Maps "map view" for parts of New York City, Washington, D.C., London, San Francisco, and some other cities.[49]

2007

On January 29, 2007 Local Universal results were upgraded and more data included in the main Google results page.[50] On February 28, 2007, Google Traffic info was officially launched to automatically include real-time traffic flow conditions to the maps of 30 major cities of the United States.[51] On March 8, 2007, the Local Business Center was upgraded.[52] On May 16, 2007 Google rolled out Universal search results, including more Map information on the main Google results page.[53] On May 18, 2007 Google added neighborhood search capabilities.[54] On May 29, 2007, Google driving directions support was added to the Google Maps API.[55] On May 29, 2007, Street View was added, giving a ground-level 360-degree view of streets in some major cities in United States.[56]

On June 19, 2007, reviews were allowed to be added directly to businesses on Google Maps.[57] On June 28, 2007, draggable driving directions were introduced.[58] On July 31, 2007, support for the hCard microformat was announced.[59] Unfortunately, the implementation is broken.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. On August 21, 2007, Google announced a simple way to embed Google Maps into other websites.[60] On September 13, 2007, 54 new countries were added to Google Maps in Latin America and Asia.[61]

On October 3, 2007, Google Transit was integrated into Google Maps making public transportation routing possible on Google Maps.[62] On October 27, 2007, Google Maps started mapping the geoweb and showing the results in Google Maps.[63] On October 27, 2007, Google Maps added a searchable interface for coupons in the business listings.[64] On November 27, 2007, "Terrain" view showing basic topographic features was added. The button for "Hybrid" view was removed, and replaced with a "Show labels" checkbox under the "Satellite" button to switch between "Hybrid" and "Satellite" views.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

2008

On January 22, 2008, Google expanded the Local Onebox from three business listings to ten.[65] On February 20, 2008, Google Maps allowed searches to be refined by User Rating and neighborhoods.[66] On March 18, 2008, Google allowed end users to edit business listings and add new places.[67] On March 19, 2008, Google added unlimited category options in the Local Business Center.[68] On April 2, 2008, Google added contour lines to the Terrain view.[69] In April 2008, a button to view recent Saved Locations was added to the right of the search field.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. In May 2008, a "More" button was added alongside the "Map", "Satellite", and "Terrain" buttons, permitting access to geographically related photos on Panoramio and articles on Wikipedia.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. On May 15, 2008, Google Maps was ported to Flash and ActionScript 3 as a foundation for richer internet applications.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. On July 15, 2008, walking directions were added.[70] On August 4, 2008, Street View launched in Japan and Australia.[70] On August 5, 2008, the user interface was redesigned.[70]

On August 29, 2008, Google signed a deal under which GeoEye would supply them with imagery from a satellite,[71] and introduced the Map Maker tool, which allows any user to improve the map data seen by all.[70] On September 9, 2008, a reverse business lookup feature was added.[70] On September 23, 2008, information for the New York City Metropolitan Transit Authority was added.[70] On October 7, 2008, GeoEye-1 took its first image, a bird's-eye view of Kutztown University in Pennsylvania.[72] On October 26, 2008, reverse geocoding was added to the Maps API.[70] On November 11, 2008, Street View in Spain, Italy, and France was introduced.[70] On November 23, 2008, AIR support for the Maps API for Flash was added.[70] On November 25, 2008, a new user interface for Street View was introduced.[70] On November 27, 2008, maps, local business information, and local trends for China were introduced.[70] On December 9, 2008, 2x Street View coverage was introduced.[70]

2009

On Mar 19, 2009 Street View was launched in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.[73] In May, 2009, a new Google Maps logo was introduced.[74] In early October 2009, Google replaced Tele Atlas as their primary supplier of geospatial data in the US version of Maps and use their own data.[75] In October 2009, the railroads were redone, featuring a slightly new look and updated, removing older lines.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. Also in the same month, maps in several areas were changed to include paper streets and other odd roads that don't exist, as well as lot lines showing up on the map interface.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

2010

On February 11, 2010, Google Maps Labs was added. On March 11, 2010, Street View in Hong Kong and Macau were launched.[76] On May 25, 2010, public transportation routing for Denmark was added by integrating with Rejseplanen.dk.[77] Template:As of Internet Explorer 7.0+, Firefox 3.6+, Safari 3.1+, and Google Chrome are supported.[78]

2011

On April 8, 2011 Google announced that it would begin charging for API usage by commercial sites over a limit.[79] They also introduced a premium licensed service.

On April 19, 2011, Map Maker was added to US Google Maps, allowing any viewer to edit and add changes to Google Maps. This provides Google with local map updates almost in real time instead waiting for digital map data companies to release more infrequent updates.

2012

On January 31, 2012, Google, due to offering its Maps for free, was found guilty of abusing the dominant position of its Google Maps application and ordered by a court to pay a fine and damages to Bottin Cartographes, a French mapping company.[80]

On May 30, 2012, Google Places was replaced by Google+ Local, which now integrates directly with the Google+ service to allow users to post photos and reviews of locations directly to its page on the service. Additionally, Google+ Local and Maps also now feature detailed reviews and ratings from Zagat, which was acquired by Google in September 2011.[81]

In June 2012, Google started mapping Britain's rivers and canals in partnership with the Canal and River Trust. The company has stated that it will update the program during the year to allow users to plan trips which include locks, bridges and towpaths along the 2,000 miles of river paths in the UK.[82]

It was announced on October 11 that Google updated 250,000 miles of roads in the US.[83]

In December 2012, the Google Maps application was separately made available in the App Store, after Apple removed it from its default installation of the mobile operating system version iOS 6. In the face of numerous complaints about the newly released Apple Maps application, Apple CEO Tim Cook was forced to make an apology and recommend other similar applications.[84]

2013

On January 29, 2013, Google Maps was updated to include a map of North Korea.[85]

On March 27, 2013, Google launched Google Maps Engine Lite, a simplified version of its commercial Maps Engine product which is meant to eventually replace the My Maps feature.[86]

On April 23, 2013, Street View was launched in Hungary and Lesotho, expanding the coverage of Google Maps' 360-degree mapping imagery to fifty countries. During the same time period, Google also completed the "largest single update of Street View imagery" ever, with photos of over Template:Convert of road across fourteen countries.[87]

As of May 3, 2013, Google Maps recognizes Palestine as a country, instead of redirecting to the Palestinian territories.[88]

Google announced on its Google Maps blog on May 15, 2013 that a new upgraded version of Google Maps is available for use by those registered Google users who request an invitation. The new Google Maps can create a customized map that is specific to the behavior of each user, revealing highlights that are based on the information that is entered, and providing useful local information such as restaurants. A new feature is a carousel that gathers all Google Maps imagery in one location and contains an Earth view that directly integrates the 3D experience from Google Earth into the new maps. The new version is also more closely connected to Google+ and the local businesses that are displayed are based on each user's Google+ network. Advertisements in the new Google Maps have been redesigned and short sections of advertisements are placed directly onto the map itself, alongside the business name.[89][90]

In August 2013, Google Maps removed the Wikipedia Layer, which provided links to Wikipedia content about locations shown in Google Maps using Wikipedia geocodes.[91]

2014

On January 5, 2014, Street View was launched in Nigeria, expanding the coverage of Google Maps' 360-degree mapping imagery to 57 countries. During the same time period, Google also completed the "largest single update of Street View imagery ever" with photos of over Template:Convert of roadways.[92]

Google's use of Google Maps

Google Moon

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church.

File:Google-moon.png
Google Moon

In honor of the 36th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969, Google took public domain imagery of the Moon, integrated it into the Google Maps interface, and created a tool called Google Moon.[93] By default this tool, with a reduced set of features, also displays the points of landing of all Apollo spacecraft to land on the Moon. It also included an easter egg, displaying a Swiss cheese design at the highest zoom level, which Google has since removed.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park. A recent collaborative project between NASA Ames Research Center and Google is integrating and improving the data that is used for Google Moon. This is the Planetary Content[94] Project. Google Moon was linked from a special commemorative version of the Google logo displayed at the top of the main Google search page for July 20, 2005 (UTC).[95]

Google Mars

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church.

File:GoogleMars.png
Google Mars

Google Mars provides a visible imagery view, like Google Moon, as well as infrared imagery and shaded relief (elevation) of the planet Mars. Users can toggle between the elevation, visible, and infrared data, in the same manner as switching between map, satellite, and hybrid modes of Google Maps. In collaboration with NASA scientists at the Mars Space Flight Facility located at Arizona State University, Google has provided the public with data collected from two NASA Mars missions, Mars Global Surveyor and 2001 Mars Odyssey.[96]

Now, with Google Earth 5 it is possible to access new improved Google Mars data at a much higher resolution, as well as being able to view the terrain in 3D, and viewing panoramas from various Mars landers in a similar way to Google Street View.

Google Sky

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. Template:Expand section On August 27, 2007, Google introduced Google Sky, an online space mapping tool that allows users to pan through a map of the visible universe, using photographs taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.

Google Ride Finder

Google launched an experimental Google Maps-based tool called Ride Finder, tapping into in-car GPS units for a selection of participating taxi and limousine services. The tool displays the current location of all supported vehicles of the participating services in major US cities, including Chicago and San Francisco, on a Google Maps street map. Template:As of the tool seems to be discontinued. Not to be confused with carpooling.

Google Transit

47 year-old Podiatrist Hyslop from Alert Bay, has lots of hobbies and interests that include fencing, property developers in condo new launch singapore and handball. Just had a family trip to Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin. DTZ's public sale group in Singapore auctions all forms of residential, workplace and retail properties, outlets, homes, lodges, boarding homes, industrial buildings and development websites. Auctions are at present held as soon as a month.

We will not only get you a property at a rock-backside price but also in an space that you've got longed for. You simply must chill out back after giving us the accountability. We will assure you 100% satisfaction. Since we now have been working in the Singapore actual property market for a very long time, we know the place you may get the best property at the right price. You will also be extremely benefited by choosing us, as we may even let you know about the precise time to invest in the Singapore actual property market.

The Hexacube is offering new ec launch singapore business property for sale Singapore investors want to contemplate. Residents of the realm will likely appreciate that they'll customize the business area that they wish to purchase as properly. This venture represents one of the crucial expansive buildings offered in Singapore up to now. Many investors will possible want to try how they will customise the property that they do determine to buy by means of here. This location has offered folks the prospect that they should understand extra about how this course of can work as well.

Singapore has been beckoning to traders ever since the value of properties in Singapore started sky rocketing just a few years again. Many businesses have their places of work in Singapore and prefer to own their own workplace area within the country once they decide to have a everlasting office. Rentals in Singapore in the corporate sector can make sense for some time until a business has discovered a agency footing. Finding Commercial Property Singapore takes a variety of time and effort but might be very rewarding in the long term.

is changing into a rising pattern among Singaporeans as the standard of living is increasing over time and more Singaporeans have abundance of capital to invest on properties. Investing in the personal properties in Singapore I would like to applaud you for arising with such a book which covers the secrets and techniques and tips of among the profitable Singapore property buyers. I believe many novice investors will profit quite a bit from studying and making use of some of the tips shared by the gurus." – Woo Chee Hoe Special bonus for consumers of Secrets of Singapore Property Gurus Actually, I can't consider one other resource on the market that teaches you all the points above about Singapore property at such a low value. Can you? Condominium For Sale (D09) – Yong An Park For Lease

In 12 months 2013, c ommercial retails, shoebox residences and mass market properties continued to be the celebrities of the property market. Models are snapped up in report time and at document breaking prices. Builders are having fun with overwhelming demand and patrons need more. We feel that these segments of the property market are booming is a repercussion of the property cooling measures no.6 and no. 7. With additional buyer's stamp responsibility imposed on residential properties, buyers change their focus to commercial and industrial properties. I imagine every property purchasers need their property funding to understand in value. In December 2005, Google launched public transport route planner Google Transit on Google Labs, a 20% project of Chris Harrelson and Avichal Garg.[97] Google Transit launched initially with support for Portland, Oregon, and now includes hundreds of cities in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, India and New Zealand. The service calculates route, transit time and cost, and can compare the trip to one using a car. In October 2007 Google Transit graduated from Google Labs and became fully integrated into Google Maps.[98]

The coverage of Google Transit is publicly available. It is spread worldwide, in hundreds of cities and sometimes in entire countries such as China, Japan, Switzerland. The coverage of major cities in the United States and in Canada is almost exhaustive. In some areas (North East, North West, South West, Wales, West Midlands and Yorkshire) of the United Kingdom, Google Transit covers only part of the transit agencies. In other areas, Google Transit does not provide public transit directions, but still provides the Transit Layer which overlays the schematic of the transit lines on the map. Notable examples include Paris, Berlin, Mexico City and many other capitals around the world.

Google Biking directions

On March 10, 2010, Google added the possibility to search for biking directions on Google Maps. Optimal routes are calculated from traffic, elevation change, bike paths, bike lanes, and preferred roads for biking. An optional layer also shows different types of biking paths, from bike-only trails to preferred roads. This service is available in the US[99][100] and Canada,[101] and is in beta testing in some other countries such as Singapore. In May 2013, Google Map's biking direction added 6 more European countries: France, Ireland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg and Poland.[102]

Google My Maps

In April 2007, My Maps was a new feature added to Google's local search maps. My Maps lets users and businesses create their own map by positioning markers, polylines and polygons onto a map. The interface is a straightforward overlay on the map. A set of eighty-four pre-designed markers is available, ranging from bars and restaurants to webcam and earthquake symbols. Polyline and Polygon color, width and opacity are selectable. Maps modified using My Maps can be saved for later viewing and made public or marked as unlisted, in which case a user will need the saved URL with a 42-character unique ID.

Each element added to a My Map has an editable tag. This tag can contain text, rich text or HTML. Embeddable video and other content can be included within the HTML tag.

Upon the launch of My Maps there was no facility to embed the created maps into a webpage or blog. A few independent websites have now produced tools to let users embed maps and add further functionality to their maps.[103] This has been resolved with version 2.78.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

Google Street View

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church.

On May 25, 2007, Google released Street View, a new feature of Google Maps which provides 360° panoramic street-level views of various locations. On the date of release, the feature only included five cities in the US. It has since expanded to thousands of locations around the world.

In July 2009, Google began mapping college campuses and surrounding paths and trails.

Street View garnered much controversy after its release because of privacy concerns about the uncensored nature of the panoramic photographs.[104][105] Since then, Google has begun blurring faces through automatic face detection.[106]

Google Aerial View

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. In December 2009, Google released Aerial View, consisting of angled aerial imagery, offering a "bird's eye view" of cities. The first cities available were San Jose and San Diego. This feature was available only to developers via the Google Maps API.[107] In February 2010 it was introduced as an experimental feature in Google Maps Labs.[108]

In July 2010, Aerial View was made available in Google Maps in select cities in the United States and worldwide.[109]

Google Latitude

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. Google Latitude is a feature from Google that lets users share their physical locations with other people. This service is based on Google Maps, specifically on mobile devices. There's an iGoogle widget for Desktops and Laptops as well.[110] Some concerns have been expressed about the privacy issues raised by the use of the service.[111]

Google Flu Vaccine Finder

Google retired its Flu Vaccine Finder in April 2012, but worked closely with HealthMap to launch HealthMap Flu Vaccine Finder.[112]

Monopoly City Streets

Monopoly City Streets was a live worldwide version of the game Monopoly using Google Maps as the game board. It was created by Google and Hasbro. The game has since ended.[113]

Indoor Google Maps

In November 2011 indoor maps were added to Google Maps for Android, giving users the ability to navigate themselves within buildings such as airports, museums, shopping malls, universities and other public spaces. Google allows owners of public facilities to submit floor plans to their buildings in order to add them to the service.[114]

Google Business Photos

Initially offered in April 2010 to select cities around the United States,[115] Google Business Photos has expanded to 23 different countries, including over 180 cities in the United States. The program is run by Google but the photography is taken by specially certified photographers (called Google Trusted Photographers). The regions currently being served are the US, Canada, Spain, Italy, the UK, France, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Photographers can take up to 200 panoramas per business location.[116] Google has set up a website where interested businesses can get more information.

My Places

When signed into an Google account, one of the features on maps is My Places. This feature allows users to create maps that they can then save to their account, adding pins in different places. Maps can be created to show directions to common places one may go, provide directions that can then easily be shared, maps of places they have traveled in the world, or places that they may want to go. The options are endless and My Places allows users to save the maps they have been working on to look back on or edit at any point.

NSA's and GCHQ's use of Google Maps for user surveillance

On 27 January 2014, documents leaked by Edward Snowden revealed that the NSA and the GCHQ intercepted Google Maps queries made on smartphones, and used them to locate the users making these queries. One leaked document, dating to 2008, stated that "[i]t effectively means that anyone using Google Maps on a smartphone is working in support of a GCHQ system."[117]

Mashups

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. Google Maps interface links through the "Wikipedia layer" to the geo-tags placed in English Wikipedia articles, but does not support non-English ones, reducing its usefulness in non-English languages and in non-English speaking territories. It also links to photos with GPS tags from Panoramio.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

Isochrone maps can be generated using the Google Maps API.[118]

Copyright

The Google Maps terms and conditions[119] state that usage of material from Google Maps is regulated by Google Terms of Service[120] and some additional restrictions. Google has either purchased local map data from established companies, or has entered into lease agreements to use copyrighted map data. The owner of the copyright is listed at the bottom of zoomed maps. For example street maps in Japan are leased from Zenrin. Street maps in China are leased from Mapabc. Russian street maps are leased from Geocentre Consulting and Tele Atlas. Data for North Korea is sourced from the companion project Google Map Maker.

Errors

DTZ's public sale group in Singapore auctions all forms of residential, workplace and retail properties, outlets, homes, lodges, boarding homes, industrial buildings and development websites. Auctions are at present held as soon as a month.

We will not only get you a property at a rock-backside price but also in an space that you've got longed for. You simply must chill out back after giving us the accountability. We will assure you 100% satisfaction. Since we now have been working in the Singapore actual property market for a very long time, we know the place you may get the best property at the right price. You will also be extremely benefited by choosing us, as we may even let you know about the precise time to invest in the Singapore actual property market.

The Hexacube is offering new ec launch singapore business property for sale Singapore investors want to contemplate. Residents of the realm will likely appreciate that they'll customize the business area that they wish to purchase as properly. This venture represents one of the crucial expansive buildings offered in Singapore up to now. Many investors will possible want to try how they will customise the property that they do determine to buy by means of here. This location has offered folks the prospect that they should understand extra about how this course of can work as well.

Singapore has been beckoning to traders ever since the value of properties in Singapore started sky rocketing just a few years again. Many businesses have their places of work in Singapore and prefer to own their own workplace area within the country once they decide to have a everlasting office. Rentals in Singapore in the corporate sector can make sense for some time until a business has discovered a agency footing. Finding Commercial Property Singapore takes a variety of time and effort but might be very rewarding in the long term.

is changing into a rising pattern among Singaporeans as the standard of living is increasing over time and more Singaporeans have abundance of capital to invest on properties. Investing in the personal properties in Singapore I would like to applaud you for arising with such a book which covers the secrets and techniques and tips of among the profitable Singapore property buyers. I believe many novice investors will profit quite a bit from studying and making use of some of the tips shared by the gurus." – Woo Chee Hoe Special bonus for consumers of Secrets of Singapore Property Gurus Actually, I can't consider one other resource on the market that teaches you all the points above about Singapore property at such a low value. Can you? Condominium For Sale (D09) – Yong An Park For Lease

In 12 months 2013, c ommercial retails, shoebox residences and mass market properties continued to be the celebrities of the property market. Models are snapped up in report time and at document breaking prices. Builders are having fun with overwhelming demand and patrons need more. We feel that these segments of the property market are booming is a repercussion of the property cooling measures no.6 and no. 7. With additional buyer's stamp responsibility imposed on residential properties, buyers change their focus to commercial and industrial properties. I imagine every property purchasers need their property funding to understand in value.

Fixing and reporting errors

In areas where Google Map Maker is available, for example, much of Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe as well as the United States and Canada, anyone who logs into their Google account can directly improve the map by fixing incorrect driving directions, adding biking trails, or adding a missing building or road. General map errors in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Liechtenstein, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Switzerland, and the United States can be reported using the Report a Problem link in Google Maps and will be updated by Google.[121] For areas where Google uses Tele Atlas data, map errors can be reported using Tele Atlas map insight.[122]

If imagery is missing, outdated, misaligned, or generally incorrect, one can notify Google through their contact request form.[123]

Maps data

Google Maps has difficulty processing ZIP code data when dealing with cross-boundary situations. For example, users are unable to obtain a route from Hong Kong to Shenzhen via Shatoujiao, because Google Maps does not display and plan the road map of two overlapping places.[124]

Sometimes the names of geographical locations are inaccurate. An example of this type of error may be found in Google Maps Laona, Wisconsin. In this instance Google Maps identifies one of the town's two major lakes as "Dawson Lake";[125] the USGS, State of Wisconsin, and local government maps all identify that map feature as "Scattered Rice Lake".[126] Another example is Samoa, labeled with "Western Samoa", accurate only as recently as 1997.

In 2011, Google Maps mislabeled the entire length of US Route 30 from Astoria, Oregon to Atlantic City, New Jersey as being concurrent with Quebec Route 366.[127]

Business listings

Google collates business listings from multiple on-line and off-line sources. To reduce duplication in the index, Google's algorithm combines listings automatically based on address, phone number, or geocode,[128] but sometimes information for separate businesses will be inadvertently merged with each other, resulting in listings inaccurately incorporating elements from multiple businesses.[129]

Google has also recruited volunteers to check and correct ground truth data.[130]

Google Maps can easily be manipulated by businesses which aren't physically located in the area they record a listing.[131] There are cases of people abusing Google Places to overtake their competition where they place a number of unverified listings on online directory sites knowing the information will roll across to Google (duplicate sites). The people that update these listings do not use a registered business name. Keywords and location details are placed on their Google Places business title which overtake credible business listings. In Australia in particular, genuine companies and businesses are noticing a disturbing trend of fake business listings in a variety of industries.Potter or Ceramic Artist Truman Bedell from Rexton, has interests which include ceramics, best property developers in singapore developers in singapore and scrabble. Was especially enthused after visiting Alejandro de Humboldt National Park.

Imagery

Street map overlays, in some areas, may not match up precisely with the corresponding satellite images. The street data may be entirely erroneous, or simply out of date: "The biggest challenge is the currency of data, the authenticity of data," said Google Earth representative Brian McClendon. As a result, in March 2008 Google added a feature to edit the locations of houses and businesses.[132][133]

Restrictions have been placed on Google Maps through the apparent censoring of locations deemed potential security threats. In some cases the area of redaction is for specific buildings, but in other cases, such as Washington, D.C.,[134] the restriction is to use outdated imagery. These locations are fully listed on Satellite map images with missing or unclear data.

Different domains

There are some differences in frontier alignments between Google Ditu and Google Maps. On Google Maps, sections of the Chinese border with India and Pakistan are shown with dotted lines, indicating areas or frontiers in dispute. However, Google Ditu shows the Chinese frontier strictly according to Chinese claims with no dotted lines indicating the border with India and Pakistan. For example, the South Tibet region claimed by China but administered by India as a large part of Arunachal Pradesh is shown inside the Chinese frontier by Google Ditu, with Indian highways ending abruptly at the Chinese claim line. Google Ditu also shows Taiwan and the South China Sea Islands as part of China. Template:As of, Google Ditu's street map coverage of Taiwan also omits major state organs, such as the Presidential Palace, the five Yuans, and the Supreme Court.

There are some differences between ditu.google.cn and ditu.google.com. For example, the former does not feature My Maps. On the other hand, while the former displays virtually all text in Chinese, the latter displays most text (user-selectable real text as well as those on map) in English. This behavior of displaying English text is not consistent but intermittent – sometimes it is in English, sometimes it is in Chinese. The criteria for choosing which language is displayed are not known publicly.

Miscellaneous

The Wikipedia option of Google Maps has introduced interesting errors by incorporating incorrect or wildly misleading data:

In October 2010, Nicaraguan military commander Edén Pastora stationed Nicaraguan troops on the Isla Calero (in the delta of the San Juan River), justifying his action on the border delineation given by Google Maps. Bing Maps depicts the island to be on the Costa Rican side of the border. Google has since updated its data which it found to be incorrect.[135]

Map projection

Google Maps is based on a close variant of the Mercator projection.[136] If the Earth were perfectly spherical, the projection would be the same as the Mercator. Google Maps uses the formulæ for the spherical Mercator, but the coordinates of features on Google Maps are the GPS coordinates based on the WGS 84 datum. The difference between a sphere and the WGS 84 ellipsoid causes the resultant projection not to be precisely conformal. The discrepancy is imperceptible at the global scale but causes maps of local areas to deviate slightly from true ellipsoidal Mercator maps at the same scale.

Assuming that and are the components of infinitesmal local ENU coordinates, their breadth and length projected on the map are described as follows:

where is geodetic latitude, is the first eccentricity of the ellipsoid of the Earth, is the semi-major axis of the Earth, and is that at the scale of the map as drawn (see "Geodetic system" and "Mercator projection"). Google Maps uses[137]

Because the Mercator projects the poles at infinity, Google Maps cannot show the poles. Instead it cuts off coverage at 85.051125° north and south which is atan(sinh(π))×180/π, a requirement that the map is a square. This is not considered a limitation, given the purpose of the service.

Comparable services

See also

Sportspersons Hyslop from Nicolet, usually spends time with pastimes for example martial arts, property developers condominium in singapore singapore and hot rods. Maintains a trip site and has lots to write about after touring Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana.

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

How Google Builds Its Maps—and What It Means for the Future of Everything

External links

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