|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| == family gossips he was born not out of it ==
| | '''RKKY''' stands for ''Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida'' and refers to a coupling mechanism of nuclear magnetic moments or localized inner d or f shell electron spins in a metal by means of an interaction through the conduction electrons. |
|
| |
|
| 'Not the same, lost several head of cattle. We do not participate not lah.'<br><br>'cow was not any building [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-4.html ケイトスペード 時計 取り扱い店] accounts, the director how you let me find ah, but not the child lost.'<br><br>'Ai Ai, director of words can not be said that the child was lost, gossips several ...... which cattle can regenerate lost friends, family [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-11.html ケイトスペードのバッグ] gossips he was born not out of it, are anxious with sawed.'<br><br>'Well, well, [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-13.html ケイトスペード ママバッグ] I'll go back tomorrow ......'<br><br>'Then we wait for you ah ......'<br>hung up the phone when<br>over sin, 安嘉璐 early laughed out of breath, a long while to react, smiled and asked more than sin: 'This is your police?'<br><br>'that do not, fire, forest, incidentally to [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-0.html ケイトスペード 人気 財布] the people to find the animals, the way to help fight the gossips talk about science, basic so much ...... I really have to go back, out strolled a few days, not quasi-chaos into what [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-14.html kate spade マザーズバッグ] like it. 'I sin road.<br><br>An Jialu a smile out of the car, waved goodbye, she saw I got sin shake windows, poured over the car, stepping on the throttle acceleration, without looking
| | The RKKY interaction was originally proposed by M.A. Ruderman and [[Charles Kittel]] of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] as a means of explaining unusually broad [[Nuclear magnetic resonance|nuclear spin resonance]] lines that had been observed in natural metallic silver. The theory uses second-order [[perturbation theory]] to describe an [[indirect exchange coupling]] whereby the nuclear spin of one atom interacts with a [[conduction electron]] via the [[hyperfine structure|hyperfine interaction]], and this [[conduction electron]] then interacts with another nuclear spin thus creating a correlation energy between the two nuclear spins. (Alternatively, instead of nuclear spins coupling to conduction spins via the hyperfine interaction, another scenario is for inner electron spins to couple to conduction spins via the [[exchange interaction]].) The theory is based on [[Bloch wave]]functions, and is therefore only applicable to crystalline systems. The derived exchange interaction takes the following form: |
| 相关的主题文章：
| |
| <ul>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://www.arnaw.com/uchome/space.php?uid=12360&do=blog&id=86788 http://www.arnaw.com/uchome/space.php?uid=12360&do=blog&id=86788]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://fp182.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=7668 http://fp182.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=7668]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://atcollab.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/User:Budgmlbebfu#turned_more_white_than_black_eye_peas http://atcollab.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/User:Budgmlbebfu#turned_more_white_than_black_eye_peas]</li>
| |
|
| |
| </ul>
| |
|
| |
|
| == have yellow robe monks in the first protracted == | | <math>H(\mathbf{R}_{ij}) = \frac{\mathbf{I}_i \cdot \mathbf{I}_j}{4} \frac{\left | \Delta k_m k_m \right |^2 m^*}{(2 \pi )^3 R_{ij}^4 \hbar^2} \left [ 2 k_m R_{ij} \cos( 2 k_m R_{ij} ) - \sin( 2 k_m R_{ij} ) \right ] </math> |
|
| |
|
| The kind of feeling.<br><br>Temple sort, not deep foundation for a culture of the viewer, at most, to see the towering spire and a large [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-1.html ケイトスペード マザーズバッグ] bluestone steps millstone praise a lot, where the flow is inward convergence of the hospital's main hall, two people walking also followed the crowd into it, there was a good development, gleaming golden Buddha body solemn silence, break and full of smoky incense furnace, gentle Buddhist chant filled the crisp ear, Lin Yujing feeling as if something like Dayton, to learn those pilgrims knock a song in front of the Buddha, burning a column.<br><br>have yellow robe monks in the first protracted, [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-0.html ケイトスペード バッグ] distributing the incense sticks to the pilgrims [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-3.html ケイトスペード リボン バッグ] who stopped over sin not, and, Lin Yujing have picked up few of thick incense sticks, lit not, respectfully inserted in the censer, and listening Zhike Monk spell [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-12.html ケイトスペード ハンドバッグ] as singing, she respectfully knock three heads, hands clasped together, I do not know what prayer.<br><br>'Oh, this stupid bitch, but also Aizai.' I heart underground passage with the crime, but was Lin Yujing so [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-11.html ケイトスペードニューヨーク 財布] solemn expression infected, do not want to destroy her mood. Replaced a police uniform forest sister, still not the kind of faded Sa
| | where H represents the [[Molecular Hamiltonian|Hamiltonian]], <math>R_{ij}</math> is the distance between the nuclei i and j, <math>\mathbf{I}_i </math> is the nuclear spin of atom i, <math>\Delta k_m k_m</math> is a term that represents the strength of the hyperfine interaction, <math>m^*</math> is the [[effective mass (solid-state physics)|effective mass]] of the electrons in the crystal, and <math>k_m</math> is the wave vector of the conduction electrons. In crystalline materials, the wave vectors of conduction electrons are very close to the [[Fermi surface]]. |
| 相关的主题文章：
| |
| <ul>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://www.10wuben.com/plus/feedback.php?aid=25 http://www.10wuben.com/plus/feedback.php?aid=25]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://sifangdata.net/plus/feedback.php?aid=57 http://sifangdata.net/plus/feedback.php?aid=57]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://www.desert-rose-arabians.com/cgi-bin/ranchlog/guestbook.cgi http://www.desert-rose-arabians.com/cgi-bin/ranchlog/guestbook.cgi]</li>
| |
|
| |
| </ul>
| |
|
| |
|
| == you see ......' and a stunned authentic forward. ==
| | Tadao Kasuya of [[Nagoya University]] later proposed that a similar indirect exchange coupling could be applied to localized inner d-electron spins interacting via conduction electrons. This theory was expanded more completely by Kei Yosida of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] to give a Hamiltonian that describes (d-electron spin)-(d-electron spin), (nuclear spin)-(nuclear spin) as well as (d-electron spin)-(nuclear spin) interactions. [[John Hasbrouck Van Vleck|Van Vleck]] clarified some subtleties of the theory, particularly the relationship between the first and second order perturbative contributions. |
|
| |
|
| And looked at, so you cry enough, since a go to raise money go.<br><br>payments still continue, but this scene is disrupted by sudden dark pickpockets Department temporarily has no chance, several mysterious [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-12.html kate spade 長財布] man shook his head gestured, calmly [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-15.html ケイトスペード クラッチバッグ] exit the scene.<br><br>'Damn, who's here to let snatch coming?' an authentic tall angry.<br><br>'is a hard idea was a good draw knife.' Another judge Road, see the package being opened hole, sort of a [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-6.html ケイトスペード 財布 セール] small, half shape, very professional.<br><br>'Brother, you see ......' and a stunned authentic forward.<br><br>would appear now dead brother cried approach, [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-2.html ケイトスペード トートバッグ] is the door to diplomacy and another in the ear of the head knot, while another is the station to exit the owner just getting around rude person.<br><br>'Damn, maybe actually a gang?' lead suddenly understand, look silly, crying approach to attract attention, [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-3.html ケイトスペード リボン バッグ] then the owner to take advantage of 'absence' to start, or they can be chosen to give up the election goal, let him have a serious frustration.
| | Perhaps the most significant application of the RKKY theory has been to the theory of [[giant magnetoresistance]] (GMR). GMR was discovered when the coupling between thin layers of magnetic materials separated by a non-magnetic spacer material was found to oscillate between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic as a function of the distance between the layers. This ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic oscillation is one prediction of the RKKY theory.<ref>S.S.P. Parkin and D. Mauri, Physical Review B Vol. 44 7131-7134 (1991)</ref><ref>Y. Yafet, Physical Review B Vol. 36 3948-3949 (1987)</ref> |
| 相关的主题文章：
| |
| <ul>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://www7a.biglobe.ne.jp/~globalhealthcommunications/cgi/epad/epad.cgi http://www7a.biglobe.ne.jp/~globalhealthcommunications/cgi/epad/epad.cgi]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://www.lygfybjw.com/supesite/?action-viewcomment-itemid-95737 http://www.lygfybjw.com/supesite/?action-viewcomment-itemid-95737]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://fiura.ti81.com/wingmulti.cgi http://fiura.ti81.com/wingmulti.cgi]</li>
| |
|
| |
| </ul>
| |
|
| |
|
| == but they do not do real business == | | ==References== |
| | # M.A. Ruderman and C. Kittel, Phys. Rev. 96, 99 (1954). |
| | # T. Kasuya, Prog. Theor. Phys. 16, 45 (1956). |
| | # K. Yosida, Phys. Rev. 106, 893 (1957). |
| | # J. H. Van Vleck. Reviews of Modern Physics 34, 681-686 (1962). |
| | # A. Blandin and J. Friedel, J. phys. rad. 20, page 160-168 (1959) |
| | # Quantum Theory of Solids, 2ed. pp 360–366, C. Kittel, Wiley 1987 |
| | <references/> |
|
| |
|
| , Wei [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-9.html ケイトスペード 財布 値段] Jincheng is a mysterious smile, and I looked very mysterious crime, obscure authentic with: 'I advise you one, do not know you listen.'<br><br>'Nonsense, I came to ask you to come.' I sin road.<br><br>'. then farther away from Xinghai investment,' Wei Jincheng cautiously authentic look silly daze over the crime, he added with: 'Xinghai investment real estate are subordinate Xinghai Xinghai Group, Ji Tiger camp got a piece of land a year ago, when they can not even office locations are not, on this approval directly sold to Jinda coal, sold a four-point hundreds of millions ...... real boss, I do not know who he is, but the [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-11.html ケイトスペードニューヨーク 財布] state-owned enterprises do business, [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-11.html ケイトスペード 財布 通販] it is not generally people ...... Now you see, is suddenly set of [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-11.html ケイトスペードニューヨーク 財布] funds, they may also have a big move ...... at least I know that strong sales of coal a few years, they forcibly shares, and can be more than a coal mine, but they do not do real business, and short-term speculation, today shares, [http://www.dmwai.com/webalizer/kate-spade-5.html ケイトスペード 財布 ゴールド] sale of shares ......... tomorrow you say how much they earn? then stake in the mine, but of millions of units. '<br><br>hissing, I
| | [[Category:Magnetism]] |
| 相关的主题文章：
| | |
| <ul>
| | [[es:Interacción RKKY]] |
|
| |
| <li>[http://www.masytpx.com/plus/feedback.php?aid=265 http://www.masytpx.com/plus/feedback.php?aid=265]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://www.skybound.nl/cgi-bin/service/wb/index.cgi http://www.skybound.nl/cgi-bin/service/wb/index.cgi]</li>
| |
|
| |
| <li>[http://422.gsd.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k96372&pageid=icb.page617007&pagecontentid=icb.pagecontent1337212&view=isitestool.cgi http://422.gsd.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=k96372&pageid=icb.page617007&pagecontentid=icb.pagecontent1337212&view=isitestool.cgi]</li>
| |
|
| |
| </ul>
| |
RKKY stands for Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida and refers to a coupling mechanism of nuclear magnetic moments or localized inner d or f shell electron spins in a metal by means of an interaction through the conduction electrons.
The RKKY interaction was originally proposed by M.A. Ruderman and Charles Kittel of the University of California, Berkeley as a means of explaining unusually broad nuclear spin resonance lines that had been observed in natural metallic silver. The theory uses second-order perturbation theory to describe an indirect exchange coupling whereby the nuclear spin of one atom interacts with a conduction electron via the hyperfine interaction, and this conduction electron then interacts with another nuclear spin thus creating a correlation energy between the two nuclear spins. (Alternatively, instead of nuclear spins coupling to conduction spins via the hyperfine interaction, another scenario is for inner electron spins to couple to conduction spins via the exchange interaction.) The theory is based on Bloch wavefunctions, and is therefore only applicable to crystalline systems. The derived exchange interaction takes the following form:
![H({\mathbf {R}}_{{ij}})={\frac {{\mathbf {I}}_{i}\cdot {\mathbf {I}}_{j}}{4}}{\frac {\left|\Delta k_{m}k_{m}\right|^{2}m^{*}}{(2\pi )^{3}R_{{ij}}^{4}\hbar ^{2}}}\left[2k_{m}R_{{ij}}\cos(2k_{m}R_{{ij}})-\sin(2k_{m}R_{{ij}})\right]](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/36b0b0204525c469272815332a926c2675647c59)
where H represents the Hamiltonian, 
is the distance between the nuclei i and j, 
is the nuclear spin of atom i, 
is a term that represents the strength of the hyperfine interaction, 
is the effective mass of the electrons in the crystal, and 
is the wave vector of the conduction electrons. In crystalline materials, the wave vectors of conduction electrons are very close to the Fermi surface.
Tadao Kasuya of Nagoya University later proposed that a similar indirect exchange coupling could be applied to localized inner d-electron spins interacting via conduction electrons. This theory was expanded more completely by Kei Yosida of the University of California, Berkeley to give a Hamiltonian that describes (d-electron spin)-(d-electron spin), (nuclear spin)-(nuclear spin) as well as (d-electron spin)-(nuclear spin) interactions. Van Vleck clarified some subtleties of the theory, particularly the relationship between the first and second order perturbative contributions.
Perhaps the most significant application of the RKKY theory has been to the theory of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). GMR was discovered when the coupling between thin layers of magnetic materials separated by a non-magnetic spacer material was found to oscillate between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic as a function of the distance between the layers. This ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic oscillation is one prediction of the RKKY theory.[1][2]
References
- M.A. Ruderman and C. Kittel, Phys. Rev. 96, 99 (1954).
- T. Kasuya, Prog. Theor. Phys. 16, 45 (1956).
- K. Yosida, Phys. Rev. 106, 893 (1957).
- J. H. Van Vleck. Reviews of Modern Physics 34, 681-686 (1962).
- A. Blandin and J. Friedel, J. phys. rad. 20, page 160-168 (1959)
- Quantum Theory of Solids, 2ed. pp 360–366, C. Kittel, Wiley 1987
- ↑ S.S.P. Parkin and D. Mauri, Physical Review B Vol. 44 7131-7134 (1991)
- ↑ Y. Yafet, Physical Review B Vol. 36 3948-3949 (1987)
es:Interacción RKKY