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{{Infobox unit
| bgcolour =
| name = thomson
| image =
| caption =
| standard =
| quantity = [[Mass-to-charge ratio]]
| symbol = Th
| namedafter = [[J. J. Thomson]]
| units1 =
| inunits1 =
| units2 =
| inunits2 =
| units3 =
| inunits3 =
| units4 =
| inunits4 =
| units5 =
| inunits5 =
}}
The '''thomson''' (symbol: '''Th''') is a unit that has appeared infrequently in scientific literature relating to the field of [[mass spectrometry]] as a unit of [[mass-to-charge ratio]]. The unit was proposed by Cooks and Rockwood<ref> {{cite journal|title=The 'Thomson'. A suggested unit for mass spectroscopists|journal=[[Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry]]|date=1991|first=R. G.|last=Cooks|coauthors=A. L. Rockwood|volume=5|issue=2|page=93|id= |url=|format= }}</ref> naming it in honour of [[J. J. Thomson]] who measured the [[mass-to-charge ratio]] of electrons and ions.
 
==Definition==
The thomson is defined as<ref name='Stroobant'>{{cite book |author=Stroobant, Vincent; Hoffmann, Edmond de; Charette, Jean Joseph |title=Mass spectrometry: principles and applications |publisher=Wiley |location=New York |year=1996 |pages= |isbn=0-471-96696-7 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref>
 
:<math> 1~\mathrm{Th} = 1~\frac{\mathrm{u}}{e} = 1~\frac{\mathrm{Da}}{e} = 1.036426 \times 10^{-8}\,kg\,C^{-1}</math>
 
where '''u''' represents the [[unified atomic mass unit]], Da represents the unit dalton, and ''e'' represents the [[elementary charge]] which is the [[electric charge]] [[Units of measurement|unit]] in the [[atomic unit]] system.
 
For example, for the ion C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>7</sub><sup>2+</sup> has an exact mass of 91.0&nbsp;Da. Its charge number is +2, and hence its charge is 2''e''. The ion will be observed at 45.5 Th in a mass spectrum.
 
The thomson allows for negative values for negatively charged ions. For example, the [[benzoate]] anion would be observed at ''m/z'' 121, but at −121 Th since the charge is −e.
 
==Use==
The thomson has been used by some mass spectrometrists, for example [[Alexander Alexeyevich Makarov|Alexander Makarov]]—the inventor of the [[Orbitrap]]—in a scientific poster,<ref>[http://www.asms.org/asms99pdf/095.pdf The Orbitrap: a novel high-performance electrostatic trap (ASMS)]</ref> papers,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pakenham G, Lango J, Buonarati M, Morin D, Buckpitt A |title=Urinary naphthalene mercapturates as biomarkers of exposure and stereoselectivity of naphthalene epoxidation |journal=Drug Metab. Dispos. |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=247–53 |year=2002 |pmid=11854141 |doi= 10.1124/dmd.30.3.247|url=http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11854141}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Mengel-Jørgensen J, Kirpekar F |title=Detection of pseudouridine and other modifications in tRNA by cyanoethylation and MALDI mass spectrometry |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=30 |issue=23 |pages=e135 |year=2002 |pmid=12466567 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gnf135|url=http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12466567 |pmc=137990}}</ref>
and (notably) one book.<ref name='Stroobant' /> The journal [[Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry]] (in which the original article appeared) states that "the Thomson (Th) may be used for such purposes as a unit of mass-to-charge ratio although it is not currently approved by IUPAP or IUPAC."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/4849/home/ForAuthors.html |title=Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Instructions to Authors |accessdate=2007-12-03 |publisher=Wiley Interscience }}</ref> Even so, the term has been called "controversial" by RCM's former Editor-in Chief<ref>{{cite journal|title=Book Review: Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications. E. de Hoffman, J. Charette and W. Stroobant. Wiley, Chichester 1996. ISBN 0-471-96697-5|journal=Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry|date=4 December 1998|first=Robert K.|last=Boyd|coauthors=|volume=11|issue=8|page=948|doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0231(199705)11:8<948::AID-RCM2033>3.0.CO;2-I|url=|format= }}</ref> (in a review the Hoffman text cited above<ref name="Stroobant"/>). The book, ''Mass Spectrometry Desk Reference'', argues against the use of the thomson.<ref name="isbn0-9660813-2-3">{{cite book |author=Sparkman, O. David |title=Mass spectrometry desk reference |publisher=Global View Pub |location=Pittsburgh |year=2000 |pages= |isbn=0-9660813-2-3 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> However, the editor-in-chief of the [[Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan]] has written an editorial in support of the thomson unit.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Comments on Abscissa Labeling of Mass Spectra|journal=Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan|year=2007|first=|last=|coauthors=|volume=55|issue=1|pages=51–61|id= |url=http://db.wdc-jp.com/mssj/search/abst/200701/ms550051.html|accessdate=2007-12-05|doi=10.5702/massspec.55.51|last1=Yoshino|first1=Ken-Ichi }}</ref>
 
The thomson is not an [[SI unit]], nor has it been defined by [[IUPAC]].
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Category:Units of measurement]]
[[Category:Mass spectrometry]]

Revision as of 20:36, 25 January 2014

Template:Infobox unit The thomson (symbol: Th) is a unit that has appeared infrequently in scientific literature relating to the field of mass spectrometry as a unit of mass-to-charge ratio. The unit was proposed by Cooks and Rockwood[1] naming it in honour of J. J. Thomson who measured the mass-to-charge ratio of electrons and ions.

Definition

The thomson is defined as[2]

where u represents the unified atomic mass unit, Da represents the unit dalton, and e represents the elementary charge which is the electric charge unit in the atomic unit system.

For example, for the ion C7H72+ has an exact mass of 91.0 Da. Its charge number is +2, and hence its charge is 2e. The ion will be observed at 45.5 Th in a mass spectrum.

The thomson allows for negative values for negatively charged ions. For example, the benzoate anion would be observed at m/z 121, but at −121 Th since the charge is −e.

Use

The thomson has been used by some mass spectrometrists, for example Alexander Makarov—the inventor of the Orbitrap—in a scientific poster,[3] papers,[4][5] and (notably) one book.[2] The journal Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (in which the original article appeared) states that "the Thomson (Th) may be used for such purposes as a unit of mass-to-charge ratio although it is not currently approved by IUPAP or IUPAC."[6] Even so, the term has been called "controversial" by RCM's former Editor-in Chief[7] (in a review the Hoffman text cited above[2]). The book, Mass Spectrometry Desk Reference, argues against the use of the thomson.[8] However, the editor-in-chief of the Journal of the Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan has written an editorial in support of the thomson unit.[9]

The thomson is not an SI unit, nor has it been defined by IUPAC.

References

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  3. The Orbitrap: a novel high-performance electrostatic trap (ASMS)
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    In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang

    Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules

    Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.

    A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running

    The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more

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