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| [[File:Kaon-decay.png|thumb|300px| The decay of a [[kaon]] ({{Subatomic particle|Kaon+}}) into three [[pion]]s (2 {{Subatomic particle|Pion+}}, 1 {{Subatomic particle|Pion-}}) is a process that involves both [[weak interaction|weak]] and [[strong interaction]]s.<br><br>''Weak interactions'': The [[strange antiquark]] ({{Subatomic particle|strange antiquark}}) of the kaon transmutes into an [[up antiquark]] ({{Subatomic particle|up antiquark}}) by the emission of a [[W and Z bosons|{{Subatomic particle|W boson+}} boson]]; the {{Subatomic particle|W boson+}} boson subsequently decays into a [[down antiquark]] ({{Subatomic particle|down antiquark}}) and an [[up quark]] ({{Subatomic particle|up quark}}).<br><br>''Strong interactions'': An up quark ({{Subatomic particle|up quark}}) emits a [[gluon]] ({{Subatomic particle|gluon}}) which decays into a down quark ({{Subatomic particle|down quark}}) and a down antiquark ({{Subatomic particle|down antiquark}}). ]]
| | The title of the author is Jayson. Mississippi is where his home is. He works as a bookkeeper. To play lacross is 1 of the issues she enjoys most.<br><br>Take a look at my website psychic readings, [http://165.132.39.93/xe/visitors/372912 http://165.132.39.93/xe/visitors/372912], |
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| :''This list is of all known and predicted [[scalar meson|scalar]], [[pseudoscalar meson|pseudoscalar]] and [[vector meson|vector]] [[meson]]s. See [[list of particles]] for a more detailed list of particles found in [[particle physics]].''
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| '''[[Mesons]]''' are unstable [[subatomic particle]]s composed of one [[quark]] and one [[antiquark]]. They are part of the [[hadron]] particle family – particles made of quarks. The other members of the hadron family are the [[baryon]]s – subatomic particles composed of three quarks. The main difference between mesons and baryons is that mesons have integer [[spin (physics)|spin]] (thus are [[boson]]s) while baryons are [[fermion]]s (half-integer spin). [[Spin-statistics theorem|Because mesons are bosons]], the [[Pauli exclusion principle]] does not apply to them. Because of this, they can act as [[force carrier|force mediating particle]]s on short distances, and thus play a part in processes such as the [[nuclear interaction]].
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| Since mesons are composed of quarks, they participate in both the [[weak interaction|weak]] and [[strong interaction]]s. Mesons with net [[electric charge]] also participate in the [[electromagnetic interaction]]. They are classified according to their quark content, [[total angular momentum]], [[parity (physics)|parity]], and various other properties such as [[C-parity]] and [[G-parity]]. While no meson is stable, those of lower [[mass]] are nonetheless more stable than the most massive mesons, and are easier to observe and study in [[particle accelerator]]s or in [[cosmic ray]] experiments. They are also typically less massive than baryons, meaning that they are more easily produced in experiments, and will exhibit higher-energy phenomena sooner than baryons would. For example, the charm quark was first seen in the [[J/ψ meson|J/Psi meson]] ({{Subatomic particle|J/psi}}) in 1974,<ref>J.J. Aubert ''et al.'' (1974)</ref><ref>J.E. Augustin ''et al.'' (1974)</ref> and the bottom quark in the [[upsilon meson]] ({{Subatomic particle|Upsilon}}) in 1977.<ref>S.W. Herb ''et al.'' (1977)</ref>
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| Each meson has a corresponding [[antiparticle]] (antimeson) where quarks are replaced by their corresponding antiquarks and vice-versa. For example, a positive [[pion]] ({{Subatomic particle|Pion+}}) is made of one up quark and one down antiquark; and its corresponding antiparticle, the negative pion ({{Subatomic particle|Pion-}}), is made of one up antiquark and one down quark. Some experiments show the evidence of ''[[tetraquark]]s'' – "exotic" mesons made of two quarks and two antiquarks, but the particle physics community as a whole does not view their existence as likely, although still possible.<ref name=PDGTetraquarks2008>C. Amsler ''et al.'' (2008): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/reviews/charmonium_states_m801.pdf Charmonium States]</ref>
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| ==Summary table==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+ Meson summary table<ref>http://pdg.lbl.gov/2012/tables/rpp2012-qtab-mesons.pdf</ref>
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| |-
| |
| ! colspan="4" | Light unflavoured<br>(S=C=B=0)
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| ! colspan="2" | Strange<br>(S=±1, C=B=0)
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| ! colspan="2" | Charmed, strange<br>(C=S=±1)
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| ! colspan="2" | c{{Physics particle|anti=yes|c}}
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| |-
| |
| | || I<sup>G</sup>(J<sup>PC</sup>) || || I<sup>G</sup>(J<sup>PC</sup>) || || I<sup>G</sup>(J<sup>P</sup>) || || I<sup>G</sup>(J<sup>P</sup>) || || I<sup>G</sup>(J<sup>PC</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|π|TR=±}} || 1<sup>−</sup>(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|π|BR=2}}(1670) || 1<sup>−</sup>(2<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| |{{Physics particle|K|TR=±}} || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=±|BR=s}} || 0(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|η|BR=c}}(1S) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|π|TR=0}} || 1<sup>−</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | φ(1680) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=0}} || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*±|BR=s}} || 0(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| | J/ψ(1S) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>−-</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | η || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=3}}(1690) || 1<sup>+</sup>(3<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=0|BR=S}} || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=s0}}(2317)<sup>±</sup> || 0(0<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c0}}(1P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(500) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | ρ(1700) || 1<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=0|BR=L}} || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|BR=s1}}(2460)<sup>±</sup> || 0(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c1}}(1P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ρ(770) || 1<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=2}}(1700) || 1<sup>−</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K||TR=*|BR=0}}(800) || 1/2(0<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|BR=s1}}(2536)<sup>±</sup> || 0(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|h|BR=c}}(1P) || ?<sup>?</sup>(1<sup>+-</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ω(782) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | f<sub>0</sub>(1710) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*}}(892) || 1/2(1<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|BR=s2}}(2573) || 0(?<sup>?</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c2}}(1P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | η′ (958) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | η(1760) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=1}}(1270) || 1/2(1<sup>+</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=s1}}(2700)<sup>±</sup> || 0(1<sup>-</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|η|BR=c}}(2S) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>-+</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(980) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | π(1800) || 1<sup>−</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=1}}(1400) || 1/2(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=sJ}}(2860)<sup>±</sup> || 0(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| | ψ(2S) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=0}}(980) || 1<sup>−</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1810) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*}}(1410) || 1/2(1<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|BR=sJ}}(3040)<sup>±</sup> || 0(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| | ψ(3770) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | φ(1020) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
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| | X(1835) || ?<sup>?</sup>(?<sup>−+</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=0}}(1430) || 1/2(0<sup>+</sup>)
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| | rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | '''Bottom<br>(B=±1)'''
| |
| | X(3872) || 0<sup>?</sup>(?<sup>?+</sup>)
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| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|h|BR=1}}(1170) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>+−</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|φ|BR=3}}(1850) || 0<sup>−</sup>(3<sup>−−</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=2}}(1430) || 1/2(2<sup>+</sup>)
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| | X(3915) || 0<sup>+</sup>(?<sup>?+</sup>)
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| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|b|BR=1}}(1235) || 1<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>+−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|η|BR=2}}(1870) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>−+</sup>)
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| | K(1460) || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=±}} || 1/2(0<sup>-</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=c2}}(2P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
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| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=1}}(1260) || 1<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|π|BR=2}}(1880) || 1<sup>−</sup>(2<sup>−+</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(1580) || 1/2(2<sup>−</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=0}} || 1/2(0<sup>-</sup>)
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| | X(3940) || ?<sup>?</sup>(?<sup>??</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1270) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
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| | ρ(1900) || 1<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
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| | K(1630) || 1/2(?<sup>?</sup>)
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| | colspan="2" |{{Physics particle|B|TR=±}}/{{Physics particle|B|TR=0}} Admixture
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| | ψ(4040) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
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| |-
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| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=1}}(1285) || 0<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1910) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=1}}(1650) || 1/2(1<sup>+</sup>)
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| | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Physics particle|B|TR=±}}/{{Physics particle|B|TR=0}}/{{Physics particle|B|TR=0|BR=s}}/b-baryon<br>Admixture
| |
| | X(4050)<sup>±</sup> || ?(?<sup>?</sup>)
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| |-
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| | η(1295) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1950) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*}}(1680) || 1/2(1<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | X(4140) || 0<sup>+</sup>(?<sup>?+</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | π(1300) || 1<sup>−</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=3}}(1990) || 1<sup>+</sup>(3<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(1770) || 1/2(2<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''V''<sub>cb</sub> and ''V''<sub>ub</sub> CKM Matrix<br>Admixture
| |
| | ψ(4160) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
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| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=2}}(1320) || 1<sup>−</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(2010) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=3}}(1780) || 1/2(3<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | X(4160) || ?<sup>?</sup>(?<sup>??</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(1370) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2020) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(1820)|| 1/2(2<sup>−</sup>)
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| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=*}} || 1/2(1<sup>-</sup>)
| |
| | X(4250)<sup>±</sup> || ?(?<sup>?</sup>)
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| |-
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| | {{Physics particle|h|BR=1}}(1380) || ?<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>+−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=4}}(2040) || 1<sup>−</sup>(4<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | K(1830) || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=J}}(5732) || ?(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| | X(4260) || ?<sup>?</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|π|BR=1}}(1400) || 1<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=4}}(2050) || 0<sup>+</sup>(4<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=0}}(1950) || 1/2(0<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|BR=1}}(5721)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | X(4350) || 0<sup>+</sup>(?<sup>?+</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | η(1405) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|π|BR=2}}(2100) || 1<sup>−</sup>(2<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=2}}(1980) || 1/2(2<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=1}}(5721)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(2<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | X(4360) || ?<sup>?</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=1}}(1420) || 0<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2100) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=0}}(2045) || 1/2(4<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | '''Bottom, strange<br>(B=±1, S=∓1)'''
| |
| | ψ(4415) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ω(1420) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(2150) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=2}}(2250) || 1/2(2<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | X(4430)<sup>±</sup> || ?(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1430) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | ρ(2150) || 1<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|BR=3}}(2320) || 1/2(3<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=0|BR=s}} || 0(0<sup>-</sup>)
| |
| | X(4660) || ?<sup>?</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=0}}(1450) || 1<sup>−</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | φ(2170) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|K|TR=*|BR=5}}(2380) || 1/2(5<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=s}} || 0(1<sup>-</sup>)
| |
| | colspan="2" align="center" | '''b{{Physics particle|b|anti=yes}}'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | ρ(1450) || 1<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2200) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|k|BR=4}}(2500) || 1/2(4<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|BR=s1}}(5830)<sup>0</sup> || 0(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|η|BR=b}}(1S) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>-+</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | η(1475) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | rowspan="2" | f<sub>J</sub>(2200) || rowspan="2" | 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup><br>or 4<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | K(3100) || ?<sup>?</sup>(?<sup>??</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=s2}}(5840)<sup>0</sup> || 0(2<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | Υ(1S) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(1500) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | '''Charmed<br>(C=±1)'''
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=*|BR=sJ}}(5850) || ?(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b0}}(1P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=1}}(1510) || 0<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | η(2225) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | rowspan="2" colspan="2" align="center" | '''Bottom, charmed<br>(B=C=±1)'''
| |
| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b1}}(1P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f′|BR=1}}(1525) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=3}}(2250) || 1<sup>+</sup>(3<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=±}} || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|h|BR=b}}(1P) || ?<sup>?</sup>(1<sup>+-</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1565) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | f<sub>2</sub>(2300) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=0}} || 1/2(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|B|TR=±|BR=c}} || 0(0<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=2b}}(1P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ρ(1570) || 1<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=4}}(2300) || 0<sup>+</sup>(4<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*}}(2007)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(1<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | rowspan="16" colspan="2" |
| |
| | Υ(2S) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|h|BR=1}}(1595) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>+−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=0}}(2330) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*}}(2010)<sup>±</sup> || 1/2(1<sup>−</sup>)
| |
| | Υ(1D) || 0<sup>-</sup>(2<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|π|BR=1}}(1600) || 1<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(2340) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=0}}(2400)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(0<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b0}}(2P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(0<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=1}}(1640) || 1<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|ρ|BR=5}}(2350) || 1<sup>+</sup>(5<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=0}}(2400)<sup>±</sup> || 1/2(0<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|χ|BR=b1}}(2P) || 0<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=2}}(1640) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|a|BR=6}}(2450) || 1<sup>−</sup>(6<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|BR=1}}(2420)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | Υ(4S) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|η|BR=2}}(1645) || 0<sup>+</sup>(2<sup>−+</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|f|BR=6}}(2510) || 0<sup>+</sup>(6<sup>++</sup>)
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|BR=1}}(2420)<sup>±</sup> || 1/2(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| | X(10610)<sup>±</sup> || ?<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | ω(1650) || 0<sup>−</sup>(1<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | colspan="2" align="center" |'''Other Light'''
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|BR=1}}(2430)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | X(10650)<sup>±</sup> || ?<sup>+</sup>(1<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|ω|BR=3}}(1670) || 0<sup>−</sup>(3<sup>−−</sup>)
| |
| | colspan="2" | Further States
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=2}}(2460)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(2<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | Υ(10860) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | rowspan="8" colspan="4" |
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*|BR=2}}(2460)<sup>±</sup> || 1/2(2<sup>+</sup>)
| |
| | Υ(11020) || 0<sup>-</sup>(1<sup>--</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | D(2550)<sup>0</sup> || 1/2(0<sup>-</sup>)
| |
| | colspan="2" rowspan="4"|
| |
| |-
| |
| | D(2600) ||1/2(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | {{Physics particle|D|TR=*}}(2640)<sup>±</sup> || 1/2(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| |-
| |
| | D(2750) ||1/2(?<sup>?</sup>)
| |
| |}
| |
| Because this table was initially derived from published results and many of those results were preliminary, as many as 64 of the mesons in the above table may not exist or have the wrong mass or quantum numbers.
| |
| | |
| {{Main|Meson}}
| |
| These lists detail all known and predicted pseudoscalar ([[total angular momentum|J]]<sup>[[Parity (physics)|P]]</sup> = 0<sup>−</sup>) and vector ([[total angular momentum|J]]<sup>[[Parity (physics)|P]]</sup> = 1<sup>−</sup>) mesons.
| |
| | |
| The symbols encountered in these lists are: I (''[[isospin]]''), J (''[[total angular momentum]]''), P (''[[parity (physics)|parity]]''), C (''[[C-parity]]''), G (''[[G-parity]]''), u (''[[up quark]]''), d (''[[down quark]]''), s (''[[strange quark]]''), c (''[[charm quark]]''), b (''[[bottom quark]]''), Q (''[[charge (physics)|charge]]''), B (''[[baryon number]]''), S (''[[strangeness]]''), C (''[[charm (quantum number)|charm]]''), and B′ (''[[bottomness]]''), as well as a wide array of subatomic particles (hover for name).
| |
| | |
| The properties and quark content of the particles are tabulated below; for the corresponding antiparticles, simply change quarks into antiquarks (and vice-versa) and flip the sign of Q, B, S, C, and B′. Particles with <sup>†</sup> next to their names have been predicted by the [[standard model]] but not yet observed. Values in <span style="color:red">red</span> have not been firmly established by experiments, but are predicted by the [[quark model]] and are consistent with the measurements.
| |
| | |
| ===Pseudoscalar mesons===
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" width=100%
| |
| |+Pseudoscalar mesons
| |
| |-
| |
| ! class=unsortable|Particle name
| |
| ! Particle <br>symbol
| |
| ! Antiparticle <br>symbol
| |
| ! class=unsortable|Quark<br>content
| |
| ! [[Rest mass]] ([[electron volt|MeV]]/[[speed of light|c]]<sup>2</sup>)
| |
| ! width="50"|[[Isospin|I]]<sup>[[G parity|G]]</sup>
| |
| ! width="50"|[[Total angular momentum|J]]<sup>[[Parity (physics)|P]][[C-parity|C]]</sup>
| |
| ! width="50"|[[strangeness|S]]
| |
| ! width="50"|[[charm (quantum number)|C]]
| |
| ! width="50"|[[bottomness|B']]
| |
| ! [[Mean lifetime]] ([[second|s]])
| |
| ! class=unsortable|Commonly decays to<br>
| |
| (>5% of decays)
| |
| |-
| |
| | Pion<ref name=PDGPion+->N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-pi-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Pion+-}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0139.57018|{{val|139.57018|0.00035}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-08.2|{{val|2.6033|0.0005|e=-8}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antimuon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Muon neutrino}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Pion<ref name=PDGPion0>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-pi-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Pion0}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}}
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| <math>\mathrm{\tfrac{u\bar{u} - d\bar{d}}{\sqrt{2}}}\,</math><sup>{{ref|quarkcontent|[a]}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0134.9766|{{val|0134.9766|0.0006}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-17|{{val|8.4|0.5|e=-17}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Eta meson<ref name=PDGEta>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Eta}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Eta}}
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|<math>\mathrm{\tfrac{u\bar{u} + d\bar{d} - 2s\bar{s}}{\sqrt{6}}}\,</math><sup>{{ref|quarkcontent|[a]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0547.853|{{val|547.853|0.024}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-19|{{val|5.0|0.3|e=-19}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[b]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}} or <br> {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} or}} <br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Eta prime meson<ref name=PDGEtaPrime>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-prime-958.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Eta prime}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Eta prime}}(958)
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| <math>\mathrm{\tfrac{u\bar{u} + d\bar{d} + s\bar{s}}{\sqrt{3}}}\,</math><sup>{{ref|quarkcontent|[a]}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0957.78|{{val|957.78|0.06}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-21|{{val|3.39|0.16|e=-21}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[b]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Eta}} or}}<br>
| |
| {{nowrap|({{Subatomic particle|link=yes|rho0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}) / ({{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}) or}}<br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Eta}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Charmed eta meson<ref name=PDGCharmedEta>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-c-1S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Charmed eta}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed eta}}(1S)
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|charm antiquark}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|2980.3|1.2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-23|{{val|2.30|0.17|e=-23}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[b]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-c-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Charmed eta}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Bottom eta meson<ref name=PDGBottomEta>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-b-1S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Bottom eta}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom eta}}(1S)
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|9390.9|2.8}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span><sup><span style="color:red">+</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span>+</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| Unknown
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-b-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Bottom eta}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Kaon<ref name=PDGKaon+>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-K-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Kaon+-}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0493.677|{{val|493.677|0.016}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-08.3|{{val|1.2380|0.0021|e=-8}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antimuon}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Muon neutrino}} or}}<br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion0}} or}} <br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|positron}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Electron neutrino}} }}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Kaon<ref name=PDGKaon0>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-K-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Kaon0}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antikaon0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0497.614|{{val|497.614|0.024}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| <sup>{{ref|strongforce|[c]}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| <sup>{{ref|strongforce|[c]}}</sup>
| |
| |-
| |
| | K-Short<ref name=PDGK-short>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-K-zero-S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|K-short0}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-short0}}
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| <math>\mathrm{\tfrac{d\bar{s} - s\bar{d}}{\sqrt{2}}}\,</math><sup>{{ref|Kaon|[e]}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0497.614|{{val|497.614|0.024}}}}<sup>{{ref|Kaonmass|[d]}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| [[List of mesons#Notes on neutral kaons|(*)]]
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-11|{{val|8.953|0.005|e=-11}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion-}} or}}<br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion0}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | K-Long<ref name=PDGK-long>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-K-zero-L.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|k-long0}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-long0}}
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| <math>\mathrm{\tfrac{d\bar{s} + s\bar{d}}{\sqrt{2}}}\,</math><sup>{{ref|Kaon|[e]}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0497.614|{{val|497.614|0.024}}}}<sup>{{ref|Kaonmass|[d]}}</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| [[List of mesons#Notes on neutral kaons|(*)]]
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-08.1|{{val|5.116|0.020|e=-8}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|electron-+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Electron neutrino}} or}}<br> {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|muon-+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Muon neutrino}} or}}<br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} or}} <br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | D meson<ref name=PDGD+>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-D-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D+-}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|1869.60|0.16}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-12.4|{{val|1.040|0.007|e=-12}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-D-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|D+}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | D meson<ref name=PDGD0>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-D-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D0}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiD0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|1864.83|0.14}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-13.3|{{val|4.101|0.015|e=-13}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-D-zero.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|D0}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | strange D meson<ref name=PDGDs>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange D+-}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|1968.47|0.33}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-13.1|{{val|5.00|0.07|e=-13}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Strange D+}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | B meson<ref name=PDGB+>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-B-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|B+-}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|5279.15|0.31}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">{{frac|1|2}}</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-12.1|{{val|1.638|0.011|e=-12}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-B-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|B+}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | B meson<ref name=PDGB0>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-B-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|B0}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiB0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|5279.50|0.30}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">{{frac|1|2}}</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-12.2|{{val|1.530|0.009|e=-12}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-B-zero.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|B0}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Strange B meson<ref name=PDGBs>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Bs-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange B0}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange B0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange AntiB0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|5366.3|0.6}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| −1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-12.3|{{val|1.472|+0.024|-0.026|e=-12}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Bs-zero.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Strange B0}} decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Charmed B meson<ref name=PDGBc>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Bc-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Charmed B+-}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|6277|6}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-13.2|{{val|4.53|0.41|e=-13}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Bc-plus-minus.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Charmed B+}} decay modes]
| |
| |}
| |
| <sup>[a]</sup> {{note|quarkcontent}} Makeup inexact due to non-zero quark masses.<br>
| |
| <sup>[b]</sup> {{note|Lifetime}} PDG reports the [[resonance width]] (Γ). Here the conversion τ = {{frac|ħ|Γ}} is given instead.<br>
| |
| <sup>[c]</sup> {{note|strongforce}}[[Strong force|Strong]] [[eigenstate]]. No definite lifetime (see [[List of mesons#Notes on neutral kaons|kaon notes]] below) <br>
| |
| <sup>[d]</sup> {{note|Kaonmass}} The mass of the {{Subatomic particle|K-long0}} and {{Subatomic particle|K-short0}} are given as that of the {{Subatomic particle|Kaon0}}. However, it is known that a difference between the masses of the {{Subatomic particle|K-long0}} and {{Subatomic particle|K-short0}} on the order of {{val|2.2|e=-11|u=MeV/c2}} exists.<ref name=PDGK-long/><br>
| |
| <sup>[e]</sup> {{note|Kaon}}[[Weak force|Weak]] [[eigenstate]]. Makeup is missing small [[CP violation|CP–violating]] term (see [[List of mesons#Notes on neutral kaons|notes on neutral kaons]] below).
| |
| </sup>
| |
| | |
| ===Vector mesons===
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" width=100%
| |
| |+Vector mesons
| |
| |-
| |
| ! class=unsortable|Particle name
| |
| ! Particle <br>symbol
| |
| ! Antiparticle <br>symbol
| |
| ! class=unsortable|Quark<br>content
| |
| ! [[Rest mass]] ([[electron volt|MeV]]/[[speed of light|c]]<sup>2</sup>)
| |
| ! width="50"|[[Isospin|I]]<sup>[[G parity|G]]</sup>
| |
| ! width="50"|[[Total angular momentum|J]]<sup>[[Parity (physics)|P]][[C-parity|C]]</sup>
| |
| ! width="50"|[[strangeness|S]]
| |
| ! width="50"|[[charm (quantum number)|C]]
| |
| ! width="50"|[[bottomness|B']]
| |
| ! [[Mean lifetime]] ([[second|s]])
| |
| ! class=unsortable|Commonly decays to<br>
| |
| (>5% of decays)
| |
| |-
| |
| | Charged rho meson<ref name=PDGRho>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-rho-770.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|rho}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Rho+}}(770)
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Rho-}}(770)
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0775.11|{{val|775.11|0.34}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>+<sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-24|~{{val|4.5|e=-24}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup><sup>{{ref|Lifetime3|[g]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+-}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Neutral rho meson<ref name=PDGRho/>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Rho0}}(770)
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| <math>\mathrm{\tfrac{u\bar{u}-d\bar{d}}{\sqrt 2}}\,</math>
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0775.49|{{val|775.49|0.34}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>+<sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-24|~{{val|4.5|e=-24}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup><sup>{{ref|Lifetime3|[g]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Omega meson<ref name=PDGOmegaMeson>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-omega-782.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Omega meson}}(782)]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|omega meson}}(782)
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| <math>\mathrm{\tfrac{u\bar{u} + d\bar{d}}{\sqrt{2}}}\,</math>
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0783|{{val|782.65|0.12}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−<sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-23|{{val|7.75|0.07|e=-23}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion-}} or}}<br>
| |
| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Phi meson<ref name=PDGPhi>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-phi-1020.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Phi meson}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Phi meson}}(1020)
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|1019.445|0.020}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−<sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-22.3|{{val|1.55|0.01|e=-22}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon-}} or}}<br> {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-short0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-long0}} or}}<br> {{nowrap|({{Subatomic particle|link=yes|rho}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion}}) / ({{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|pion-}})}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | J/Psi<ref name=PDGJ/Psi>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-J-psi-1S.pdf Particle listings – J/Ψ]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|J/Psi}}
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|3096.916|0.011}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-21.1|{{val|7.09|0.21|e=-21}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-J-psi-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|J/psi}}(1S) decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Upsilon meson<ref name=PDGUpsilon>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-upsilon-1S.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Upsilon}}(1S)]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Upsilon}}(1S)
| |
| |align="center"| Self
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|9460.30|0.26}}
| |
| |align="center"| 0<sup>−<sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-20.3|{{val|1.22|0.03|e=-20}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-upsilon-1S.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Upsilon}}(1S) decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Kaon<ref name=PDGKaon*>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-K-star-892.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Kaon*}}(892)]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon*+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon*-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0892|{{val|891.66|0.026}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-20.1|~{{val|7.35|e=-20}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup><sup>{{ref|Lifetime3|[g]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-K-star-892.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Kaon*}}(892) decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | Kaon<ref name=PDGKaon*/>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Kaon*0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Antikaon*0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|0896|{{val|895.94|0.22}}}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{frac|1|2}}
| |
| |align="center"| 1<sup>−</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-20.2|{{val|7.346|0.002|e=-20}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-K-star-892.pdf See {{Subatomic particle|Kaon*}}(892) decay modes]
| |
| |-
| |
| | D meson<ref name=PDGD*+>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-D-star-2010-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D*+-}}(2010)]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*+}}(2010)
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*-}}(2010)
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|2010.25|0.14}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">{{frac|1|2}}</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">1</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-21.2|{{val|6.9|1.9|e=-21}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion+}} or}}<br>{{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | D meson<ref name=PDGD*0>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-D-star-2007-zero.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|D*0}}(2007)]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*0}}(2007)
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiD*0}}(2007)
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|2006.96|0.16}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">{{frac|1|2}}</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">1</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-22.2|>{{val|3.1|e=-22}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}} or}}<br>{{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | strange D meson<ref name=PDGD*s>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Ds-star-plus-minus.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange D*+-}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D*+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange D*-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|2112.3|0.5}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">1</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| {{sort|-22.1|>{{val|3.4|e=-22}}<sup>{{ref|Lifetime2|[f]}}</sup>}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}} or}}<br>{{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|D*+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Pion0}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | B meson<ref name=PDGB*>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-B-star.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|B*}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B*+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B*-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|up quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|5325.1|0.5}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">{{frac|1|2}}</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">1</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| Unknown
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B+}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | B meson<ref name=PDGB*/>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B*0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|AntiB*0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Down quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|5325.1|0.5}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">{{frac|1|2}}</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">1</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| Unknown
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|B0}} + {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Strange B meson<ref name=PDGBs*>N. Nakamura ''et al''. (2010): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-Bs-star.pdf Particle listings – {{Subatomic particle|Strange B*}}]</ref>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange B*0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange AntiB*0}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|strange quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{val|5415.4|1.4}}
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">1</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| −1
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| Unknown
| |
| |align="center"| {{nowrap|{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Strange B0}}+{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Photon}}}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | Charmed B meson<sup>†</sup>
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B*+}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charmed B*-}}
| |
| |align="center"| {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|Charm quark}}{{Subatomic particle|link=yes|bottom antiquark}}
| |
| |align="center"| Unknown
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">0</span>
| |
| |align="center"| <span style="color:red">1</span><sup><span style="color:red">−</span></sup>
| |
| |align="center"| 0
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| +1
| |
| |align="center"| Unknown
| |
| |align="center"| Unknown
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| <sup>[f]</sup> {{note|Lifetime2}} PDG reports the [[resonance width]] (Γ). Here the conversion τ = {{frac|ħ|Γ}} is given instead. <br>
| |
| <sup>[g]</sup> {{note|Lifetime3}} The exact value depends on the method used. See the given reference for detail.
| |
| | |
| ===Notes on neutral kaons===
| |
| There are two complications with [[Electric charge|neutral]] [[kaon]]s:<ref name="Cronin"/>
| |
| | |
| *Due to [[Kaon#Neutral kaon mixing|neutral kaon mixing]], the {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-short0}} and {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-long0}} are not [[eigenstate]]s of [[strangeness]]. However, they ''are'' eigenstates of the [[weak force]], which determines how they [[Radioactive decay|decay]], so these are the particles with definite [[Mean lifetime|lifetime]].
| |
| *The [[linear combination]]s given in the table for the {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-short0}} and {{Subatomic particle|link=yes|K-long0}} are not exactly correct, since there is a small correction due to [[CP violation]]. See [[Kaon#CP violation|CP violation in kaons]].
| |
| | |
| Note that these issues also exist in principle for other neutral [[flavour (particle physics)|flavored]] mesons; however, the weak eigenstates are considered separate particles only for kaons because of their dramatically different lifetimes.<ref name="Cronin">J.W. Cronin (1980)</ref>
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| {{Wikipedia books
| |
| |1=Hadronic Matter
| |
| |3=Particles of the Standard Model
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| * [[List of baryons]]
| |
| * [[List of particles]]
| |
| * [[Timeline of particle discoveries]]
| |
| {{-}}
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| {{Reflist|2}}
| |
| | |
| === Bibliography ===
| |
| <div class="references-small">
| |
| *{{cite journal
| |
| |author=K. Namakura ''et al.'' ([[Particle Data Group]])
| |
| |year=2010
| |
| |title=Review of Particle Physics
| |
| |journal=[[Journal of Physics G]]
| |
| |volume=37
| |
| |issue=7A |pages=075021
| |
| |doi=10.1088/0954-3899/37/7A/075021
| |
| |bibcode = 2010JPhG...37g5021N }}
| |
| *{{cite book
| |
| |author=M.S. Sozzi
| |
| |year=2008a
| |
| |chapter=Parity
| |
| |pages=15–87
| |
| |title=Discrete Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory
| |
| |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
| |
| |isbn=0-19-929666-9
| |
| }}
| |
| *{{cite book
| |
| |author=M.S. Sozzi
| |
| |year=2008a
| |
| |chapter=Charge Conjugation
| |
| |pages=88–120
| |
| |title=Discrete Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory
| |
| |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
| |
| |isbn=0-19-929666-9
| |
| }}
| |
| *{{cite book
| |
| |author=M.S. Sozzi
| |
| |year=2008c
| |
| |chapter=CP-Symmetry
| |
| |pages=231–275
| |
| |title=Discrete Symmetries and CP Violation: From Experiment to Theory
| |
| |isbn=019929666
| |
| |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
| |
| }}
| |
| * {{cite journal
| |
| |author=C. Amsler ''et al.'' ([[Particle Data Group]])
| |
| |year=2008
| |
| |title=Review of Particle Physics
| |
| |journal=[[Physics Letters B]]
| |
| |volume=667 |issue=1 |pages=1–1340
| |
| |doi=10.1016/j.physletb.2008.07.018
| |
| |bibcode = 2008PhLB..667....1P }}
| |
| * {{cite book
| |
| |author=S.S.M. Wong
| |
| |year=1998
| |
| |chapter=Nucleon Structure
| |
| |pages=21–56
| |
| |title=Introductory Nuclear Physics
| |
| |edition=2nd
| |
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| * {{cite web
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| * {{cite web
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| * {{cite journal
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| |doi=10.1007/BF01342433|bibcode = 1932ZPhy...77....1H }} {{de icon}}
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| * {{cite journal
| |
| |author=W. Heisenberg
| |
| |year=1932
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| |title=Über den Bau der Atomkerne II
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| |bibcode = 1932ZPhy...78..156H }} {{de icon}}
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| * {{cite journal
| |
| |author=W. Heisenberg
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| |
| </div>
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| *Particle Data Group – [http://pdg.lbl.gov/index.html The Review of Particle Physics (2008)]
| |
| * [http://www.thingsmadethinkable.com/item/mesons.php Mesons made thinkable], an interactive visualisation allowing physical properties to be compared
| |
| | |
| {{particles}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Mesons|*]]
| |
| [[Category:Particle physics]]
| |
| [[Category:Physics-related lists|Mesons]]
| |
| | |
| [[ar:قائمة الميزونات]]
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| [[it:Lista dei mesoni]]
| |