Law of truly large numbers: Difference between revisions

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<!-- To obtain a blank version of this page, type <nowiki>{{chembox supplement}}</nowiki> and save the page -->
This page provides supplementary chemical data on [[methane]].
 
== Material Safety Data Sheet == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ([[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]) for this chemical from a reliable source such as [http://avogadro.chem.iastate.edu/MSDS/methane.pdf Iowa State], and follow its directions.
 
== Structure and properties == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | Structure and properties
|-
| [[Index of refraction]], ''n''<sub>D</sub>
| ? <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Dielectric constant]], ε<sub>r</sub>
| 1.7 ε<sub>0</sub> at ? °C <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Bond strength (chemistry)|Bond strength]]
| ? <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Bond length]]
| .117&nbsp;nm <!-- Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Bond angle]]
| 109.5 <!-- Specify which angle, e.g. Cl-P-O. Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
| [[Magnetic susceptibility]]
| -17.4 * 10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol <!-- Please omit if not applicable -->
|-
|}
 
== Thermodynamic properties == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
 
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | Phase behavior
|-
| [[Triple point]]
| 90.67 K (&minus;182.48 °C), 0.117 bar
|-
| [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|Critical point]]
| 190.6 K (&minus;82.6 °C), 46 bar
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of fusion|Std enthalpy change<br/>of fusion]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 1.1 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of fusion|Std entropy change<br/>of fusion]], Δ<sub>fus</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of vaporization|Std enthalpy change<br/>of vaporization]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| 8.17 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard entropy change of vaporization|Std entropy change<br/>of vaporization]], Δ<sub>vap</sub>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Solid properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| -73.4 kJ/mol<ref>{{cite web|title=Methane|url=http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C74828&Mask=1|publisher=National Institute of Standards and technology|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref>
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>solid</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Liquid properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>liquid</sub>
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 52.93 J/(mol K)
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Gas properties
|-
| [[Standard enthalpy change of formation|Std enthalpy change<br/>of formation]], Δ<sub>f</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| &minus;74.87 kJ/mol
|-
| [[Standard molar entropy]],<br/>''S''<sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>gas</sub>
| 186.61 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[Enthalpy of combustion]] Δ<sub>c</sub>''H''<sup><s>o</s></sup>
| –882.0 k[[joule|J]]/[[mole (unit)|mol]]
|-
| [[Heat capacity]], ''c<sub>p</sub>''
| 35.69 J/(mol K)
|-
| [[van der Waals equation|van der Waals' constants]]<ref name="lange1522">''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1522-1524</ref>
| a = 228.29 L<sup>2</sup> kPa/mol<sup>2</sup><br> b = 0.04278 liter per mole
|-
|}
 
==Vapor pressure of liquid==
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''P in mm Hg''' || 1 || 10 || 40 || 100 || 400 || 760 || 1520 || 3800 || 7600 || 15200 || 30400 || 45600
|-
| {{chembox header}} | '''T in °C''' || –205.9<sub>(s)</sub> || –195.5<sub>(s)</sub> || –187.7<sub>(s)</sub> || –181.4 || –168.8 || –161.5 || –152.3 || –138.3 || –124.8 || –108.5 || –86.3 || &nbsp; —
|}<br>
Table data obtained from ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'' 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid.  Note that these are all negative temperature values.
 
[[Image:LogMethaneVaporPressure.png|thumb|432px|left|'''log<sub>10</sub> of methane vapor pressure vs. temperature.''' Uses formula: <math>\scriptstyle \log_{10} P_{mmHg} = 6.61184 - \frac {389.93} {266.00 + T} </math> given in ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed. Note that formula loses accuracy near T<sub>crit</sub> = −82.6°C]]{{Clear}}
 
== Spectral data == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page -->
[[Image:Methane-ir.png|thumb|right|450px|Methane infrared spectrum]]
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! {{chembox header}} | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV-Vis]]
|-
| [[Lambda-max|&lambda;<sub>max</sub>]]
| ? [[Nanometre|nm]]
|-
| [[molar absorptivity|Extinction coefficient]], ε
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[Infrared|IR]]
|-
| Major absorption bands
| ~3020&nbsp;cm<sup>&minus;1</sup>
|-
|
| ~1300
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[NMR Spectroscopy|NMR]]
|-
| [[Proton NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| &nbsp;
|-
| [[Carbon-13 NMR]] <!-- Link to image of spectrum -->
| &nbsp;
|-
| Other NMR data <!-- Insert special data e.g. <sup>19</sup>F chem. shifts, omit if not used -->
| &nbsp;
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[Mass Spectrometry|MS]]
|-
| Masses of <br>main fragments
| &nbsp; <!-- Give list of major fragments -->
|-
|}
 
==References==
<references/>
<!-- [http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ NIST Standard Reference Database] -->
 
Except where noted otherwise, data relate to [[standard ambient temperature and pressure]].
 
[[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Disclaimer]] applies.
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Methane (Data Page)}}
[[Category:Chemical data pages]]
[[Category:Methane]]

Revision as of 14:16, 3 January 2014

This page provides supplementary chemical data on methane.

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as Iowa State, and follow its directions.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD ?
Dielectric constant, εr 1.7 ε0 at ? °C
Bond strength ?
Bond length .117 nm
Bond angle 109.5
Magnetic susceptibility -17.4 * 10-6 cm3/mol

Thermodynamic properties

Phase behavior
Triple point 90.67 K (−182.48 °C), 0.117 bar
Critical point 190.6 K (−82.6 °C), 46 bar
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo 		1.1 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion, ΔfusSo 		? J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, ΔvapHo 		8.17 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of vaporization, ΔvapSo 		? J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHosolid 		-73.4 kJ/mol[1]
Standard molar entropy,
Sosolid 		? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp ? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHoliquid 		? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Soliquid 		? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity, cp 52.93 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation, ΔfHogas 		−74.87 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy,
Sogas 		186.61 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo –882.0 kJ/mol
Heat capacity, cp 35.69 J/(mol K)
van der Waals' constants[2] a = 228.29 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.04278 liter per mole

Vapor pressure of liquid

P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15200 30400 45600
T in °C –205.9(s) –195.5(s) –187.7(s) –181.4 –168.8 –161.5 –152.3 –138.3 –124.8 –108.5 –86.3   —


Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid. Note that these are all negative temperature values.

log10 of methane vapor pressure vs. temperature. Uses formula: given in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. Note that formula loses accuracy near Tcrit = −82.6°C

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Spectral data

Methane infrared spectrum
UV-Vis
λmax ? nm
Extinction coefficient, ε ?
IR
Major absorption bands ~3020 cm−1
~1300
NMR
Proton NMR  
Carbon-13 NMR  
Other NMR data  
MS
Masses of
main fragments 		 

References

  1. ↑ Template:Cite web
  2. ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed, pp 1522-1524

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.

Disclaimer applies.

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