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'''Pondage''' usually refers to the comparably small water storage behind the [[weir]] of a [[run-of-the-river hydroelectric]] power plant. Such a power plant has considerably less storage than the reservoirs of large dams and conventional hydroelectric stations which can store water for long periods such as a dry season or year. With pondage, water is usually stored during periods of low electricity demand and days when the power plant is inactive, enabling its use as a [[peaking power plant]] in dry seasons and a [[base load power plant]] during wet seasons.<ref name="Dwivedi">{{cite book|last=Dwivedi|first=A.K. Raja, Amit Prakash Srivastava, Manish|title=Power Plant Engineering|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=P-7kM_VZqxcC&pg=PA354&lpg=PA354 |year=2006|publisher=New Age International|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-224-1831-7|page=354}}</ref> Ample pondage allows a power plant meet hourly [[Load balancing (electrical power)|load fluctuations]] for a period of a week or more.<ref name="HH">{{cite book|last=Joel De Witt Justin|first=William Pitcher Creager|title=Hydroelectric handbook|year=1950|publisher=Wiley|pages=162|oclc=1609321|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=u3b6hfhe2okC&q=Hydroelectric+handbook&dq=Hydroelectric+handbook&hl=en&ei=c3BvTfeFDMjQceLf5fgC&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wadhwa|first=C.L.|title=Generation, distribution, and utilization of electrical energy|year=1993|publisher=New Age International (P) Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-224-0073-6|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=l1NQttrOQioC&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20 |edition=Rev. |page=20}}</ref> | |||
==Calculation== | |||
Because of the possibility of limited pondage, calculating its effect on power generation is important in determining how often the plant can be operated. The ''pondage factor'' is a rough index of the amount pondage needed when the stream flow is constant and the plant is operational during specific periods. It is calculated by the ratio of total inflow hours per week to the hours the power plant will be operated in that same period.<ref name=raghun>{{cite book|last=Raghunath|first=H.M.|title=Hydrology : principles, analysis, and design|year=2009|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-N1G5VSoRngC&pg=PA288&lpg=PA288 |publisher=New Age International|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-224-1825-2|edition=Rev. 2nd |page=288}}</ref> For example, if a river has an inflow for seven days a week and the plant operates for five of those days for eight hours: | |||
:<math>\frac{7 \times 24}{5 \times 8} = 4.2</math> | |||
24-hour inflows and plant operation would have a pondage factor of one. | |||
If power is used for twelve hours per day and during the inactive hours, relatively all inflows can be stored, then power can be doubled during active hours. In 12 hours there are 43,200 seconds and in {{Convert|1|acre.ft|m3|0|abbr=on}} there are {{Convert|43560|ft3|0|abbr=on}}. This gives an estimation and guide that for twelve hours of pondage, there must be as much storage available in the pond as cubic feet per section received.<ref name="HH"/> | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
[[Category:Hydroelectricity]] | |||
[[Category:Power station technology]] | |||
Revision as of 00:53, 22 March 2013
Pondage usually refers to the comparably small water storage behind the weir of a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power plant. Such a power plant has considerably less storage than the reservoirs of large dams and conventional hydroelectric stations which can store water for long periods such as a dry season or year. With pondage, water is usually stored during periods of low electricity demand and days when the power plant is inactive, enabling its use as a peaking power plant in dry seasons and a base load power plant during wet seasons.[1] Ample pondage allows a power plant meet hourly load fluctuations for a period of a week or more.[2][3]
Calculation
Because of the possibility of limited pondage, calculating its effect on power generation is important in determining how often the plant can be operated. The pondage factor is a rough index of the amount pondage needed when the stream flow is constant and the plant is operational during specific periods. It is calculated by the ratio of total inflow hours per week to the hours the power plant will be operated in that same period.[4] For example, if a river has an inflow for seven days a week and the plant operates for five of those days for eight hours:
24-hour inflows and plant operation would have a pondage factor of one.
If power is used for twelve hours per day and during the inactive hours, relatively all inflows can be stored, then power can be doubled during active hours. In 12 hours there are 43,200 seconds and in Template:Convert there are Template:Convert. This gives an estimation and guide that for twelve hours of pondage, there must be as much storage available in the pond as cubic feet per section received.[2]
References
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- ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534 - ↑ 20 year-old Real Estate Agent Rusty from Saint-Paul, has hobbies and interests which includes monopoly, property developers in singapore and poker. Will soon undertake a contiki trip that may include going to the Lower Valley of the Omo.
My blog: http://www.primaboinca.com/view_profile.php?userid=5889534