John Smeaton

Hostgator is a huge privately possessed hosting company running from numerous cutting-edge centers in Dallas, Texas. Hostgator was established in 2002, because then they have actually proliferated and presently host over 400,000 sites. They are also widely thought about to be the worlds leading provider of reseller hosting accounts. At present they provide hosting to over 10,000 specific reseller account consumers.



google.deHostgator offers lots of various webhosting plans, and accommodate a broad array of customers. From the first time webmaster who needs simple, stress complimentary hosting for their individual site; all the means through to big corporations, who require specialist dedicated hosting services.

Hostgator's hosting plans can be divided into three groups; standard shared hosting plans (ideal for the large bulk people), reseller hosting plans (these are generally for people and businesses that wish to "resell" their account resources to customers of their own), and lastly devoted server plans (these accounts offer client their own server, so they don't need to share its resources with anyone else). Very few of us will every need a dedicated server so this evaluation will focus on the shared hosting strategies that Hostgator offer.

Functions

Hostgator's 3 primary shared hosting plans are called: "Hatchling" (the entry level plan priced at $6.95 / month), "Child" (this is the most popular strategy, and it is likely to please the requirements of a really broad range of clients), and "Swamp" (much the same as the "Child" plan, however with boosts in bandwidth and disk space, priced at $14.95 / month).

For a complete list of functions and a side by side contrast of all hosting plans you ought to visit Hostgator's website right here. Below is a review of the most essential functions of the "Infant" plan, this is probably the most ideal package for many users, and it is our favorite plan.

Disk area 100GB - This amount has been recently updated by Hostgator from 5GB to a massive 100GB. All users are most likely to find it impossible to tire this amount of disk area.

Bandwidth 1000GB/month - Likewise enhanced is the bandwidth allotment, from 75GB to a seemingly extreme 1000GB. Again basically zero chance of making use of all that, but it's good to understand that you definitely will not be dealing with extra charges for going over your limitation, even if you have an extremely busy internet site(s).

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Limitless add-on domains - This really is the stand out attribute of this hosting strategy (the "Hatchling" plan only permits 1 domain), and enables you to host as lots of websites as you like on a single account, at no extra expense. This enables you to make complete use of your massive bandwidth and disk area allowances, and host multiple internet sites at a portion of the regular cost.

99.9 % Uptime assurance - This essentially informs us that Hostgator is a major host offering a reputable service. If uptime drops below this figure in any given month then you don't spend for that months hosting, it's as easy as that! We would never think about utilizing a host that did not provide a strong uptime assurance; this is simply because there is only one good reason why a host will not provide an uptime guarantee - undependable uptime!

30 Day money back guarantee - This has actually become a quite basic attribute in the webhosting area, though it's nice to have for included comfort.

Immediate setup - A lot of hosting providers take 24-48 hours to setup your account but Hostgator guarantees to have you going in under 15 minutes (they do not charge a setup fee either)!

Endless MySQL data sources - This is really beneficial since each Fantastico (see below) script requires its own MySQL data source.

Fantastico DeLuxe - This excellent program allows you to instantaneously set up over 50 scripts via your control board. Scripts consist of blog sites, online forums, galleries, buying carts, and more.

Unlimited email accounts - Permits you to have as lots of, or as couple of, different email addresses as you like.

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Customer support and technical support

Hostgator provides us 24/7 phone support, and live online chat. The fact that you are offered two options to get instant technical support at any time of the day is wonderful. Our experience has actually constantly been excellent when getting in touch with Hostgator, their operatives are very respectful and most importantly they seem to know their stuff when handling technical concerns. Nevertheless, we always advise calling them yourself prior to registering. Ask them a concern and see if you're made an impression on by their response. This always informs you a lot about a company!

Performance

The efficiency from Hostgator's servers is exceptional! Hostgator location much tighter limitations on the number of websites sharing the exact same server compared with most other shared hosting companies. This gives greater reliability due to the fact that less pressure is put on the servers; and it also considerably improves the rate at which your web pages run.

Server efficiency is another one of the key locations where Hostgator differentiate themselves from the crowd of other web hosts.

Our decision

Overall there is a lot to such as about the way Hostgator works, they actually do appear to have a great grasp on exactly what the average client requires from an internet hosting service provider. Rarely do you come throughout reports of unsatisfied Hostgator clients, and after hosting with them ourselves we now know why! Dependability, efficiency, and uptime from the servers is first rate, likewise customer service is means ahead of a lot of various other host out there. Nevertheless, the area where Hostgator truly stands out is value for cash. At simply $9.95 / month for the "Baby" strategy (that includes limitless domains); anybody planning to host more than one site has a rather easy decision to make. The other wonderful aspect of this package is that you do not need to sign up to an agreement. You pay on a month-by-month basis, which leaves you free to cancel your account at any time without losing cash. To sum up, we do not actually have any bad things about Hostgator; at the prices they charge, we really feel that they provide an exceptional service. Keep up the great Hostgator!

Statue of Zu Chongzi in Tinglin Park in Kunshan

Zu Chongzhi (Template:Zh) (429–500), courtesy name Wenyuan (文遠), was a prominent Chinese mathematician and astronomer during the Liu Song and Southern Qi Dynasties.

Life and works

Chongzhi's ancestry was from modern Baoding, Hebei. To flee from the ravage of war, Zu's grandfather Zu Chang moved to the Yangtze, as part of the massive population movement during the Eastern Jin. Zu Chang (祖昌) at one point held the position of "Minister of Great Works" ) within the Liu Song and was in charge of government construction projects. Zu's father, Zu Shuo (祖朔) also served the court and was greatly respected for his erudition.

Zu was born in Jiankang. His family had historically been involved in astronomy research, and from childhood Zu was exposed to both astronomy and mathematics. When he was only a youth his talent earned him much repute. When Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song heard of him, he was sent to an Academy, the Hualin Xuesheng (華林學省), and later at the Imperial Nanjing University (Zongmingguan) to perform research. In 461 in Nanxu (today Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), he was engaged in work at the office of the local governor.

Zu Chongzhi, along with his son Zu Gengzhi, wrote a mathematical text entitled Zhui Shu (Method of Interpolation). It is said that the treatise contains formulas for the volume of the sphere, cubic equations and the accurate value of pi. This book didn't survive to the present day; it has been lost since the Song Dynasty.

His mathematical achievements included:

• the Daming calendar (大明曆) introduced by him in 465 A.D.
• distinguishing the Sidereal Year and the Tropical Year, and he measured 45 years and 11 months per degree between those two, and today we know the difference is 70.7 years per degree.
• calculating one year as 365.24281481 days, which is very close to 365.24219878 days as we know today.
• calculating the number of overlaps between sun and moon as 27.21223, which is very close to 27.21222 as we know today; using this number he successfully predicted an eclipse four times during 23 years (from 436 to 459).
• calculating the Jupiter year as about 11.858 Earth years, which is very close to 11.862 as we know of today.
• deriving two approximations of pi, (3.1415926538932...) which held as the most accurate approximation for π for over nine hundred years. His best approximation was between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, with ³⁵⁵⁄₁₁₃ (密率, Milü, detailed approximation) and ²²⁄₇ (約率, Yuelü, rough approximation) being the other notable approximations. He obtained the result by approximating a circle with a 12,288 (= 2¹² × 3) sided polygon. This was an impressive feat for the time, especially considering that the device Counting rods he used for recording intermediate results were merely a pile of wooden sticks laid out in certain patterns. Japanese mathematician Yoshio Mikami pointed out, "${\tfrac {22}{7}}$ was nothing more than the π value obtained several hundred years earlier by the Greek mathematician Archimedes, however Milu $\pi ={\tfrac {355}{113}}$ could not be found in any Greek, Indian or Arabian manuscripts, not until 1585 Dutch mathematician Adriaan Anthoniszoom obtained this fraction; the Chinese possessed this most extraordinary fraction over a whole millennium earlier than Europe". Hence Mikami strongly urged that the fraction ${\tfrac {355}{113}}$ be named after Zu Chongzhi as Zu Chongzhi fraction. In Chinese literature, this fraction is known as "Zu rate". Zu rate is a best rational approximation to π, and is the closest rational approximation to π from all fractions with denominator less than 16600.
• finding the volume of a sphere as πD³/6 where D is diameter (equivalent to 4πr³/3).

Astronomy

Zu was an accomplished astronomer who calculated the values of time with unprecedented precision. His methods of interpolating and the usage of integration is far ahead of his time. Even the astronomer Yi Xing's isn't comparable to his value (who was beginning to utilize foreign knowledge). The Sung dynasty calendar was backwards to the "Northern barbarians" because they were implementing their daily lives with the Da Ming Li. It is said that his methods of calculation were so advanced, the scholars of the Sung dynasty and Indo influence astronomers of the Tang dynasty found it confusing.

Mathematics

Template:Pi box The majority of Zu's great mathematical works are recorded in his lost text the Zhui Shu. Most scholars argue about his complexity since traditionally the Chinese had developed mathematics as algebraic and equational. Logically, scholars assume that the Zhui Shu yields methods of cubic equations. His works on the accurate value of pi describe the lengthy calculations involved. Zu used the Liu Hui's π algorithm described earlier by Liu Hui to inscribe a 12,288-gon. Zu's value of pi is precise to six decimal places and for a thousand years thereafter no subsequent mathematician computed a value this precise. Zu also worked on deducing the formula for the volume of a sphere.

The South Pointing Chariot

The south-pointing chariot device was first invented by the Chinese mechanical engineer Ma Jun (c. 200-265 AD). It was a wheeled vehicle that incorporated an early use of differential gears to operate a fixed figurine that would constantly point south, hence enabling one to accurately measure their directional bearings. This effect was achieved not by magnetics (like in a compass), but through intricate mechanics, the same design that allows equal amounts of torque applied to wheels rotating at different speeds for the modern automobile. After the Three Kingdoms period, the device fell out of use temporarily. However, it was Zu Chongzhi who successfully re-invented it in 478 AD, as described in the texts of the Song Shu (c. 500 AD) and the Nan Chi Shu, with a passage from the latter below:

When Emperor Wu of Liu Song subdued Guanzhong he obtained the south-pointing carriage of Yao Xing, but it was only the shell with no machinery inside. Whenever it moved it had to have a man inside to turn (the figure). In the Sheng-Ming reign period, Gao Di commissioned Zi Zu Chongzhi to reconstruct it according to the ancient rules. He accordingly made new machinery of bronze, which would turn round about without a hitch and indicate the direction with uniformity. Since Ma Jun's time such a thing had not been.

Named after him

• $\pi \approx {\tfrac {355}{113}}$ as Zu Chongzhi $\pi$ rate.
• The lunar crater Tsu Chung-Chi
• 1888 Zu Chong-Zhi is the name of asteroid 1964 VO1.
• Zuc stream cipher is a new encryption algorithm.

Notes

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References

• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Part 2. Cambridge University Press
• Du, Shiran and He, Shaogeng, "Zu Chongzhi". Encyclopedia of China (Mathematics Edition), 1st ed.

Further reading

• Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Cambridge University Press

External links

• Encyclopædia Britannica's description of Zu Chongzhi
• Zu Chongzhi at Chinaculture.org
• Zu Chongzhi at the University of Maine
• Template:MacTutor Biography