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The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching [[cue sports]] disciplines: ''[[carom billiards|carom (or carambole) billiards]]'' referring to the various {{glossary link internal|carom}} games played on a [[billiard table]] without {{glossary link internal|pockets}}; ''[[Pool (cue sports)|pool (pocket billiards)]]'', which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and ''[[snooker]]'', played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also hybrid pocket/carom games such as [[English billiards]].
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==Definitions and language==
The term "{{glossary link internal|billiards}}" is sometimes used to refer to all of the cue sports, to a specific class of them, or to specific ones such as English billiards; this article uses the term in its most generic sense unless otherwise noted.
 
The labels "[[British English|British]]" and "[[United Kingdom|UK]]" as applied to entries in this glossary refer to terms originating in the UK and also used in countries that were fairly recently part of the [[British Empire]] and/or are part of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], as opposed to [[US English|US]] (and, often, [[Canadian English|Canadian]]) terminology.  The terms "American" or "US" as applied here refer generally to North American usage.  However, due to the predominance of US-originating terminology in most internationally competitive pool (as opposed to snooker), US terms are also common in the pool context in other countries in which English is at least a minority language, and US (and borrowed French) terms predominate in carom billiards. Similarly, British terms predominate in the world of snooker, English billiards and blackball, regardless of the players' nationalities.
 
The term "blackball" is used in this glossary to refer to both [[Blackball (pool)|blackball and eight-ball pool]] as played in the Commonwealth, as a shorthand.  Blackball was chosen because it is less ambiguous ("eight-ball pool" is too easily confused with the related "[[eight-ball]]"), and blackball is globally standardized by an [[International Olympic Committee]]-recognized [[Sports governing body|governing body]], the [[World Pool-Billiard Association]] (WPA); meanwhile, its ancestor, eight-ball pool, is largely a folk game, like North American {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}, and to the extent that its rules have been codified, they have been done so by competing authorities with different rulesets.  (For the same reason, the glossary's information on eight-ball and [[nine-ball]] draws principally on the stable WPA rules, because there are many competing amateur leagues and even professional tours with divergent rules for these games.)
 
Foreign-language terms are generally not within the scope of this list, unless they have become an integral part of billiards terminology in English (e.g. {{glossary link internal|massé}}), or they are crucial to meaningful discussion of a game not widely known in the English-speaking world.
 
{{CompactTOC8|center=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|x=X}}
 
==1–9{{anchor|1–9|!–9|!-9|1-9|!–9|1–9}}==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| 1-cushion }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Straight rail billiards]] main article for the game sometimes called "one-cushion".'' }}
 
{{term| 1-pocket }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[One-pocket]] main article for the game.'' }}
 
{{term| 3-ball }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Three-ball]] main article for the game.<!-- See the {{glossary link internal|3 ball|3 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below, for the ball.-->'' }}
 
{{term| 3-cushion }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Three-cushion billiards]] main article for the game.'' }}
 
{{term| 4-ball }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Yotsudama]] main article for the modern Asian game often called "four-ball". See the [[American four-ball billiards]] main article for the nineteenth-century game.<!-- See the {{glossary link internal|4 ball|4 ball}} entry, under the "[[#F|F]]" section below, for the ball.-->'' }}
 
{{term| 5-pins }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Five-pin billiards]] main article for the formerly Italian, now internationally standardized game, or [[Danish pin billiards]] for the five-pin traditional game of Denmark.'' }}
 
{{term| 6-ball }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Nine-ball#Six-ball]] sub-article for the game.<!-- See the {{glossary link internal|6 ball|6 ball}} entry, under the "[[#S|S]]" section below, for the ball.-->'' }}
 
{{term| 8-ball }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Eight-ball]] main article for the game. See the {{glossary link internal|8 ball|8 ball}} entry, under the "[[#E|E]]" section below, for the ball.  See [[8 ball (disambiguation)]] for derivative uses.'' }}
 
{{term| 9-ball }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Nine-ball]] main article for the game. See the {{glossary link internal|9 ball|9 ball}} entry, under the "[[#N|N]]" section below, for the ball.'' }}
 
{{term| 9-pins }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Goriziana]] main article for the game sometimes called ''nine-pins''.'' }}
 
{{term| 10-ball }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Ten-ball]] main article for the game.<!-- See the {{glossary link internal|10 ball|10 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below, for the ball.-->'' }}
 
<!--ENTRIES HERE DON'T EXIST YET FOR THE BELOW ADDITIONS.
    To-do note: Cover pool and snooker with these entries when we get around to adding them here – Am. snooker balls often numbered!
{{term| 1-ball }}<!~~end term~~>
{{defn|1= ''See the {{glossary link internal|1 ball|1 ball}} entry, under the "[[#O|O]]" section below.'' }}<!~~end defn~~>
 
{{term| 2-ball }}<!~~end term~~>
{{defn|1= ''See the {{glossary link internal|2 ball|2 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below.'' }}<!~~end defn~~>
 
{{term| 5-ball }}<!~~end term~~>
{{defn|1= ''See the {{glossary link internal|5 ball|5 ball}} entry, under the "[[#F|F]]" section below.'' }}<!~~end defn~~>
 
{{term| 11-ball }}<!~~end term~~>
{{defn|1= ''See the {{glossary link internal|11 ball|11 ball}} entry, under the "[[#E|E]]" section below.'' }}<!~~end defn~~>
 
{{term| 12-ball }}<!~~end term~~>
{{defn|1= ''See the {{glossary link internal|12 ball|12 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below.'' }}<!~~end defn~~>
 
{{term| 13-ball }}<!~~end term~~>
{{defn|1= ''See the {{glossary link internal|13 ball|13 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below.'' }}<!~~end defn~~>
 
{{term| 14-ball }}<!~~end term~~>
{{defn|1= ''See the {{glossary link internal|14 ball|14 ball}} entry, under the "[[#F|F]]" section below.'' }}<!~~end defn~~>
 
{{term| 15-ball }}
{{defn|1= ''See the [[Fifteen-ball]] main article for the game. See the {{glossary link internal|15 ball|15 ball}} entry, under the "[[#F|F]]" section below, for the ball.'' }}
-->
 
{{glossend}}
 
==A==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| above }}
{{defn|1= Used in [[snooker]] in reference to the position of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. It is above the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} if it is off-straight on the {{glossary link internal|baulk cushion}} side of the imaginary line for a straight {{glossary link internal|pot}} (e.g. "he'll want to finish above the {{glossary link internal|blue ball|blue}} in order to go into the {{glossary link internal|pink ball|pink}} and {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}"). It is also common to use the term {{glossary link internal|high}} instead.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| action }}
{{defn|no=1|1=[[Gambling]] or the potential for gambling (US). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Lively results on a ball, usually the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, from the application of spin. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Short for {{glossary link internal|cue action}}.'' }}
 
{{term| added }}
{{defn|1= Used with an amount to signify {{glossary link internal|money added}} to a tournament prize fund in addition to the amount accumulated from entry fees (e.g. "$500 added").<ref name="BDECrack">{{cite journal
|url=http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?BaseHref=BEG/1895/02/22&Page=4&SelectedEntity=Ar00431&skin=BEagle&GZ=T
|title=Crack Billiards Players in Tournament
|author=<!--staff writers, no by-line-->
|journal=[[Brooklyn Eagle|Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]
|date=February 22, 1895
|page=4
|location=[[Brooklyn, NY]]
|accessdate=2008-08-19
}}</ref> }}
 
{{term|term= ahead race |content=ahead race {{anchor|ahead session|ahead-race|ahead-session}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''ahead session'''.''
A {{glossary link internal|match}} format in which a player has to establish a lead of an agreed number of {{glossary link internal|frame|frames}} ({{glossary link internal|game|games}}) in order to win (e.g. in a ten ahead race a player wins when she/he has won ten more {{glossary link internal|rack (noun)|racks}} than the opponent).<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|race|race [to]}}.'' }}
 
{{term| aiming line }}
{{defn|1= An imaginary line drawn from the desired path an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} is to be sent (usually the center of a {{glossary link internal|pocket}}) and the center of the object ball.<ref name="Idiot">{{cite book | author = [[Ewa Mataya Laurance]] and Thomas C. Shaw | year = 1999 | title = The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pool & Billiards | publisher = Alpha Books| location = [[New York, NY]] | isbn = 0-02-862645-1 | nopp = true | page = Various pages}}</ref> }}
 
{{term| anchor }}
{{defn|1= To {{glossary link internal|frozen|freeze}} a ball to a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}; such a ball may be said to be '''anchored'''.  This term is largely obsolete [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]] jargon.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|9}} }}
 
{{term| anchor nurse }}
{{defn|1= A type of {{glossary link internal|nurse|nurse shot}} used in [[carom billiards]] games. With one {{glossary link internal|object ball}} being {{glossary link internal|anchor|anchored}} ({{glossary link internal|frozen}}) to a {{glossary link internal|cushion}} and the second object ball just slightly away from the cushion, the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is gently grazed across the face of both balls, freezing the away ball to the rail and moving the frozen ball away the same distance its partner was previously, in an identical but reversed configuration, in position to be struck again by the cue ball from the opposite side to repeat this pattern, back and forth.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|9}} ''Compare {{glossary link internal|cradle cannon}}.'' }}
 
{{term| anchor space }}
{{defn|1= A 7&nbsp;inch (17.8&nbsp;cm) square box drawn on [[Billiard table|the table]] in [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]], from the termination of a {{glossary link internal|balkline}} with the {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, thus defining a restricted space in which only 3 {{glossary link internal|point|points}} may be scored before one ball must be driven from the area. It developed to curtail the effectiveness of the {{glossary link internal|chuck nurse}}, which in turn had been invented to thwart the effectiveness of {{glossary link internal|Parker's box}} in stopping long, repetitive runs using the {{glossary link internal|anchor nurse}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| angle of incidence }}
{{defn|1= The angle at which a ball approaches a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, as measured from the [[perpendicular]] to the cushion.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|120}}  The phrase has been in use since as early as 1653.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| angle of reflection }}
{{defn|1= The angle from which a ball rebounds from a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, as measured from the [[perpendicular]] to the cushion.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|120}} }}
 
{{term|term= angled ball |content=angled ball {{anchor|angled}}}}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]] and [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], a {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} situated in the {{glossary link internal|jaws}} of a pocket such that a/the {{glossary link internal|ball-on}} cannot be struck directly.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} ''Compare {{glossary link internal|corner-hooked}}.'' }}
 
{{term| arc }}
{{defn|1= The extent to which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} curves as a result of a {{glossary link internal|semi-massé}} or {{glossary link internal|massé|massé shot}}. }}
 
{{term|term= apex |content=apex {{anchor|apex ball|apex of the triangle|apex of the diamond|apex of the rack|apex of the pack}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''apex ball''', '''apex of the triangle''', '''apex of the diamond''' or '''apex of the rack'''.}}
The ball placed at the front of a group of {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}} {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} (i.e., toward the {{glossary link internal|break|breaker}} and furthest from the racker), and in most games situated over the table's {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}.<ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} }}
 
{{term| around the table }}
{{defn|1= In carom games, a shot in which in attempting to score, the cue ball contacts three or more {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}}, usually including both {{glossary link internal|short rail|short rails}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==B==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| back }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|stake}} (verb).''<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| back cut }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|cut shot}} in which if a line were drawn from the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} to the {{glossary link internal|rail}} behind the targeted {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, perpendicular to that rail, the object ball would lie beyond the line with respect to the {{glossary link internal|pocket}} being targeted.<ref name="Brandt">{{cite book | last = Brandt | first = Dale | year = 2006 | title = A Pool Player's Journey | publisher = Vantage Press, Inc | location = [[New York, NY]]| isbn = 978-0-533-15176-9 |pages= 86, 91–116}}</ref> }}
 
{{term| backer }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|stakehorse}}.'' }}
 
[[File:Steve Davis at German Masters Snooker Final (DerHexer) 2012-02-05 4.ogv|thumb|[[Steve Davis]] plays a back spin ball to prevent the play ball from falling into the side pocket.]]
{{term|term= back spin |content=back spin {{anchor|Back spin|Backspin|Back-spin|Backward spin|back-spin|backspin|backward spin}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''backspin''', '''back-spin''', '''backward spin'''.<ref name="TIEOB"/>}}
''Same as {{glossary link internal|draw}}.''  ''See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.''
''Contrast {{glossary link internal|top spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term| bag }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British. Same as {{glossary link internal|pocket}}.'' }}
 
{{term| baize }}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Baize}}
A coarse woolen cloth used to cover billiard tables, usually green in colour and sometimes called [[felt]] based on a similarity in appearance, though very different in makeup.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| balance point }}
{{defn|1= The point, usually around 18 in. from the bottom of a {{glossary link internal|cue}}, at which the cue will balance when resting on one hand.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} }}
 
{{term| balk }}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''balk space'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;An area defined on a [[billiard table]] by one or more {{glossary link internal|balkline|balklines}}.  In the eponymous game of [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]], there are eight balks defined by perpendicular balklines, in which only a set number of {{glossary link internal|carom|caroms}} may be scored before at least one ball must leave the area.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|15}}  In the earlier (and short-lived) "[[Balkline and straight rail#The ascendancy of balkline|champions' game]]", there were four triangular balks, one at each corner, defined by single diagonal balklines. ''Not to be confused with {{glossary link internal|baulk}}, but see second definition.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=An area defined on a [[billiard table]], in games such as [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], [[snooker]], [[English billiards]] and [[bagatelle]], by a single {{glossary link internal|balkline}} (drawn or imaginary) that runs across the table near the {{glossary link internal|head}} ({{glossary link internal|bottom}}) end; exactly where depends upon table type and size. This balk is where the cue ball is placed in {{glossary link internal|lag|lagging}} for lead, for making the opening {{glossary link internal|break}} shot, and sometimes for other purposes, depending upon the game.  This usage of "balk" is strictly technical, and rarely used in practice. In pool, this area is called the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}} and is divided from the rest of the table by the {{glossary link internal|head string}}, while in snooker, English billiards and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] it is the somewhat differently sized and delimited {{glossary link internal|baulk}}, defined by the {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}. On baulk tables, which have {{glossary link internal|"D", the|a "D"}} inside baulk, and on pool tables with a {{glossary link internal|break box}} in the kitchen, the actual area from which to shoot is even smaller than the baulk or kitchen, respectively – a balk within the balk. }}
 
{{term| balkline }}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''balk line'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A line drawn horizontally from a point on a [[billiard table]]'s {{glossary link internal|rail}} to the corresponding point on the opposite rail, thus defining a region (a {{glossary link internal|balk}}). In the eponymous [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]] there are four balklines, drawn parallel to and 14 or 18&nbsp;inches from the cushions of the table, dividing it into nine compartments or divisions, of which the outside eight are the balks. in which only a set number of caroms may be scored before at least one ball must leave the area.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|15}} ''Not to be confused with {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}, though the concepts and etymologies are related. See {{glossary link internal|balk}}, second definition.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Formerly, in "[[Balkline and straight rail#The ascendancy of balkline|the champions' game]]", a line drawn diagonally from a {{glossary link internal|long rail|long}} to a {{glossary link internal|short rail}} at the corners of the [[Billiard table|table]], defining a triangular {{glossary link internal|balk|balk space}} at each. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=A type of [[carom billiards]] game, called [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]], created to eliminate very high {{glossary link internal|run|runs}} in [[Balkline and straight rail|straight-rail]] that relied on repetitive {{glossary link internal|nurse|nurse shots}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|15}} }}
 
{{term|term= ball-and-pocket |content=ball-and-pocket {{anchor|ball and pocket}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|call-shot}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= ball-in-hand |content=ball-in-hand {{anchor|ball in hand|cue ball in-hand|cueball in-hand|cue ball in hand|cueball in hand|cue-ball-in-hand|cueball-in-hand}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''cue ball in-hand'''.''
The option of placing the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} anywhere on the table prior to shooting, in a game of [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]]. Usually only available to a player when the opposing player has committed some type of {{glossary link internal|foul}} under a particular game's rules<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32, 36}} (cf. the [[free throw]] in [[basketball]] by way of comparison).  ''See also {{glossary link internal|in-hand}} for the [[snooker]] definition.'' A common variation, used in games such as [[straight pool]] and often in {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}, is ball-in-hand "behind the head string", also "behind the line" or "from the kitchen", meaning the ball-in-hand option is restricted to placement anywhere behind the {{glossary link internal|head string}}, i.e., in the area of [[Billiard table|the table]] known as the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}}. }}
 
{{term|term= ball-on |content=ball-on {{anchor|ball on|balls-on|balls on|on ball|on-ball|on balls|on-balls}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Not always hyphenated.  Plural: '''balls-on'''.<ref name="WEPFRules"/>  Also '''on[-]ball'''.}}
Any legally strikeable ball on the table in snooker and generally British terminology.<ref name="BCA"/> For example, in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> if a player is playing {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellows}}, any yellow ball (or any solid, from 1 to 7, if using a solids-and-stripes ball set) can be the ball-on until they are all {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}}, in which case the 8 ball is the ball-on. In [[snooker]], at the beginning of a player's turn, unless all are already potted, any {{glossary link internal|red ball}} can be the ball-on.<ref name="TIEOB"/>  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|object ball}}.'' }}
 
{{term| ball rack }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|rack (noun)|rack (noun), sense 1}}'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|scoring rack}}'' }}
{{defn|no=3|1=A {{glossary link internal|wall rack}} designed exclusively for storing balls }}
 
{{term|term= ball return |content=ball return {{anchor|ball-return|ball return mechanism|ball-return mechanism}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''ball-return mechanism'''.''
A collection bin mounted below the foot end of a table to which balls potted in any pocket will return by means of gravity assisted gutters or troughs running from each pocket opening to the bin. Ball returns have been in use since at least the 1700s. Pockets which simply collect balls are known as {{glossary link internal|drop pockets}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/> A table without a ball return may be called a "drop pocket table", while a table featuring a ball return may be called a "gully table".<ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|37, 39}}  Coin-operated {{glossary link internal|bar table|bar tables}} have ball-return mechanisms that separate the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} from the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} so that the object balls are captured when pocketed until the game ends, then released when paid for again, while the cue ball is continually returned for continued play after {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratches}}. This type of table is dependent upon one of three types of cue ball that can be distinguished from object balls: the {{glossary link internal|Magnetic cue ball}}, the dense ceramic "{{glossary link internal|rock}}", and the oversized "{{glossary link internal|grapefruit}}" ball.  Ball return mechanisms have also been devised that use a smaller, lighter cue ball, instead of a magnetic or heavier one. }}
 
{{term| banger }}
{{defn|1= A derogatory term for a recreational or beginning player who "bangs" the balls without any thought for {{glossary link internal|position}} nor attempt to control the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}; also a reference to the predilection of beginners to often hit the cue ball far harder than necessary.<ref name="tcom"/> ''Compare British {{glossary link internal|potter}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= bank |content=bank {{anchor|banks}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cushion}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|bank shot}}.'' }}
 
{{term| bank shot }}
{{defn|1= <span id="Bank shot/bank">''Also '''bank'''.''</span><!-- Preserving old name until instances in articles are tracked down and replaced.--> Shot in which an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} is driven to one or more rails prior to being {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}} (or in some contexts, prior to reaching its intended target; not necessarily a pocket). Sometimes "bank" is conflated to refer to {{glossary link internal|kick shot|kick shots}} as well, and in the UK it is often called a double.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} }}
 
{{term|term= bank-the-8 |content=bank-the-8 {{anchor|bank the 8|bank-the-eight|bank the eight}}}}
{{defn|1= A rule variant common in {{glossary link internal|bar pool}} versions of [[eight-ball]], in which the 8 ball must be pocketed on a {{glossary link internal|bank shot}} (or sometimes on either a bank shot proper or a {{glossary link internal|kick shot}}); shooting the 8 straight in is a loss of game.  Players may agree before the game begins to invoke this rule, or one player may challenge another player (who might accept or refuse) to conclude the game in this manner after if is already under way.  Playing bank-the-8 can be considered rude if many other players are waiting to use the table, since it often makes the game last considerably longer. }}
 
{{term|term= bar player |content=bar player {{anchor|bar players|bar league|bar league player}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''bar league player'''.''
A player that predominantly plays in [[bar (establishment)|bars]]/[[Public house|pubs]], or is in a bar-based pool league. Often used pejoratively by [[pool hall]] players to refer to a perceived lesser skill level of such players.  ''See also {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}, {{glossary link internal|bar table}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= bar pool |content=bar pool {{anchor|bar rules|pub pool|pub rules|tavern pool}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''bar rules''', '''pub pool''', '''tavern pool'''.}}
[[Pool (cue sports)|Pool]], almost always a variant of [[eight-ball]], that is played by {{glossary link internal|bar player|bar players}} on a {{glossary link internal|bar table}}. Bar pool has rules that vary from region to region, sometimes even from venue to venue in the same city, especially in the U.S.  Wise players thus ensure understanding of and agreement to the rules before engaging in a {{glossary link internal|money game}} under bar rules. Typical differences between bar pool and tournament eight-ball are the lack of {{glossary link internal|ball-in-hand}} after a {{glossary link internal|foul}}, the elimination of a number of fouls, and (with numbered ball sets) the requirement that most aspects of a shot be {{glossary link internal|call shot|called}} (including {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} and other {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} to be contacted)  not just the {{glossary link internal|target ball}} and {{glossary link internal|pocket}}. Bar pool has evolved into this "nitpicky" version principally to make the games last longer, since bar pool is typically played on coin-operated tables that cost money per-game rather than per-hour. Competitive league pool played on bar tables, however, usually uses international, national or local/regional league rules, and is not what is usually meant by "bar pool". ''Not to be confused with the game of [[bar billiards]].'' }}
 
{{term|term= bar table |content=bar table {{anchor|pub table|tavern table|coin-operated table|coin operated table|coin-op table|coinop table|bar box|barbox}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''bar box''', '''pub table''', '''tavern table''', '''coin-operated table''', '''coin-op table'''.}}
A distinctive type of pool table found in [[bar (establishment)|bars]]/[[Public house|pubs]]/[[tavern]]s, and often in various other venues such as [[family entertainment center]]s and [[Video arcade|arcade rooms]] at [[bowling alley]]s. They are almost always coin-operated and smaller than the full-size tables found in [[pool halls]]. Typical bar boxes are {{convert|3.5|ft|m|abbr=on}} × {{convert|7|ft|m|abbr=on}}, though 4×8 and even 3×6 examples can sometimes be found. Most North American brands of bar tables have pocket proportions confusingly opposite those of regular tables—the side pockets are remarkably tight, while the corners are more generous than those of pool hall tables. Because they are coin-operated and capture pocketed balls, they employ one of several mechanisms to return a {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratched}} {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. The oversized, and extra-dense cue ball methods are deprecated, because these cue balls do not play correctly (especially with regard to {{glossary link internal|cut shot|cut}} and {{glossary link internal|stop shot|stop}}/{{glossary link internal|draw shot|draw}} shots, respectively; cf. {{glossary link internal|smash-through}}). Modern bar tables make use of a magnet and a regulation or near-regulation size and weight cue ball with an iron core, to separate the cue ball from the others and return it to the players.<ref name="RGivens">{{cite book
| last = Givens
| first = R. [Randi]
| year = 2004
| title = The Eight Ball Bible: A Guide to Bar Table Play (Illustrated Ed.)
| publisher = Eight Ball Press
| isbn = 0-9747273-7-7
}}</ref> Pool hall players complain also that the {{glossary link internal|cloth}} used on bar tables is often greatly inferior (in particular that it is "slow" and that {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} does not "take" enough), and often find that the {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} are not as responsive as they are used to.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term|term= baulk |content=baulk {{anchor|baulk area|baulk-area}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''baulk area'''.''
In [[snooker]], [[English billiards]], and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> the area of the {{glossary link internal|bottom}} of the [[Billiard table|table]] that is between the {{glossary link internal|baulk line}} and the {{glossary link internal|baulk cushion}}, which houses {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}} and is somewhat analogous to the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}} in American-style [[Pocket billiards|pool]].<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|33}} }}
 
{{term|term= baulk colour |content=baulk colour {{anchor|baulk color}}}}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], any of the three {{glossary link internal|colour ball|colour balls}} that get {{glossary link internal|spot|spotted}} on the {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>  The left-to-right {{glossary link internal|green ball|green}}, {{glossary link internal|brown ball|brown}} and {{glossary link internal|yellow ball}} order is the subject of the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} }}
 
{{term| baulk cushion }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], the {{glossary link internal|cushion}} opposite the {{glossary link internal|top cushion}} and bounded by the {{glossary link internal|yellow pocket|yellow}} and {{glossary link internal|green pocket|green pockets}} (i.e. ''same as {{glossary link internal|bottom cushion}}'').<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term|term= baulk line |content=baulk line {{anchor|baulk-line|baulkline}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''baulk-line'''.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}}
A straight line drawn 29&nbsp;inches (73.66&nbsp;cm) from the face of the {{glossary link internal|baulk cushion}} on a standard 6&nbsp;×&nbsp;12&nbsp;foot [[snooker]] [[Billiard table|table]].<ref name="TIEOB"/>  Its positioning varies on other sizes of tables.  Baulk lines may also be drawn on [[English billiards]] tables, and even British-style [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] tables. The baulk line is an integral part of {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}}.  The baulk line's position is always determined by measurement from the baulk cushion, in contrast to the similar but different {{glossary link internal|head string}}, the position of which is determined by the {{glossary link internal|diamond|diamonds}}.  ''Not to be confused with {{glossary link internal|balkline}}.'' }}
 
{{term| baulk rail }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|bottom rail}} (UK), {{glossary link internal|head rail}} (US).''}}
 
{{term| baulk spot }}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''middle spot in baulk''', '''baulk line spot''', '''middle of the baulk-line spot''', etc.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|23–24}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}
The {{glossary link internal|Spot}}, usually unmarked because of its obviousness at the intersection of the {{glossary link internal|baulk line}} and {{glossary link internal|long string}}.  As such, it is also the middle of the flat side of {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}}.  In snooker, ''same as {{glossary link internal|brown spot}}''.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|23–24, 38}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}}  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|head spot}}.'' }}
 
{{term| bed }}
{{defn|1= The flat surface of a table, exclusive of the {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|33}} The bed is covered with {{glossary link internal|cloth|billiard cloth}} like the cushions.  The {{glossary link internal|playing area}} of the table consists of the bed except where the cushion overhangs the bed, i.e. it is all of the bed between the cushion {{glossary link internal|nose|noses}}.  Quality beds are made of smooth-ground [[slate]], though very cheap tables may use [[particle board]] or [[plywood]].  The earliest beds were simply the surfaces of the wooden tables on which the game was played. }}
 
{{term| be in stroke }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|in stroke|In stroke}}.'' }}
 
{{term| below }}
{{defn|1= Used in snooker in reference to the position of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. It is "below" the object ball if it is off-straight on the {{glossary link internal|top cushion}} side of the imaginary line for a straight pot (e.g. he will want to finish below the {{glossary link internal|black ball|black}} in order to go into the {{glossary link internal|red ball|red}}s). This may seem counterintuitive, see {{glossary link internal|above}} for an explanation. }}
 
{{term|term= big |content=big {{anchor|bigs|big balls|big ones}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''bigs''', '''big balls''', '''big ones'''.}}
In [[eight-ball]], to be shooting the striped {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of balls (9 through 15); "you're big, remember", "you're big balls" or "I've got the big ones".<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''Compare {{glossary link internal|stripes}}, {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{glossary link internal|high}}, {{glossary link internal|overs}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|little}}.'' ''Not to be confused with the carom billiards concept of a {{glossary link internal|big ball}}.'' }}
 
{{term| big ball }}
{{defn|1= A [[carom billiards]] metaphor, it refers to an object ball positioned and being approached in such a manner that a near miss will rebound off a cushion and still score. It is ''as if'' the ball were larger than normal, making it easier to contact. Normally a ball a couple inches from a rail is a big ball, but only if being approached from an angle and if all the prerequisite rails have already been contacted. A ball near a corner can effectively be a foot wide.
Not to be confused with the eight-ball term "the big balls". In older British usage the concept was referred to as "large ball".<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''See also "{{glossary link internal|big pocket}}".'' }}
 
{{term| big pocket }}
{{defn|1= A [[pocket billiards]] and occasionally [[snooker]] term (inherited from carom billiards by way of "{{glossary link internal|big ball}}", above), it is a metaphor for a shot that is very difficult to miss pocketing for any of a number of reasons, most commonly either because the object ball is positioned such that a near miss on one side of it will likely cause the cue ball to rebound into the object ball off the rail and pocket it anyway, or another ball is positioned such that if the target ball does not go straight in, it is still likely to go in off the other ball in a {{glossary link internal|kiss}}. It is ''as if'' the pocket, for this one shot, had become larger. The term can also refer to the angle of shot toward a pocket, especially a side pocket; the pocket is said to be "bigger", for example, on a shot that is only a 5-degree angle away from straight on, than on a 45-degree angle shot which is much more likely to hit one of the cushion points and bounce away. }}
 
{{term| billiard }}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''billiard shot'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Any shot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is {{glossary link internal|carom|caromed}} off an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} to strike another object ball (with or without contacting cushions in the interim).<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In certain [[carom billiards]] games such as [[three-cushion billiards|three-cushion]], a successful attempt at making a ''scoring'' billiard shot under the rules for that game (such as contacting three cushions with the cue ball while executing the billiard). A failed attempt at scoring would, in this context, not be called "a billiard" by players of such games even if it satisfied the first, more general definition.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| billiards }}
{{defn|no=1|1=In the US, Canada and in many different countries and languages (under various spellings) as well as historically, generally refers to all [[cue sport]]s; }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Sometimes refers to just [[Carom billiards|carom games]] as opposed to [[pocket billiards]] (especially in the US and Canada); }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In British terminology, chiefly refers to the game known in the rest of the world as [[English billiards]]. }}
 
{{term|term= billiards glasses |content=billiards glasses {{anchor|billiard glasses}}}}
{{defn|1= [[File:Billiards glasses.jpg|thumb|right|Billiards glasses]]''Also '''pool spectacles''', '''snooker specs''', etc.''
[[Eyeglasses]] specially made for [[cue sports]], with tall lenses, set unusually high, so that when the head is lowered over the [[cue stick]] for aiming, with the nose pointing downward, the eyes can still look through the lenses instead of over them. They are especially popular among [[snooker]] players. }}
 
{{term|term= black ball |content=black ball {{anchor|black balls|black|the black|black, the}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''the black'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;In [[snooker]], the highest-value {{glossary link internal|colour ball}} on the table, being worth seven points.<ref name="TIEOB"/> It is placed on the {{glossary link internal|black spot}}.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} In some (especially American) snooker ball sets it is numbered "7" on its surface. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Chefily British: The black ball (usually numbered "8") in [[Blackball (pool)|standard blackball and traditional 8-ball pool]], or the slightly larger but otherwise identical {{glossary link internal|eight ball|number 8 ball}} in a [[Kelly pool]] set (a.k.a. an "American" or more properly a standard [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]] pool set).<ref name="WEPFRules"/> ''See also {{glossary link internal|8 ball|8 ball}}.'' }}
 
{{term| black spot }}
{{defn|1= The marked {{glossary link internal|spot}} on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{glossary link internal|black ball}} is placed.  On tournament-size tables, it is 12.75 inches (324&nbsp;mm) from the {{glossary link internal|top cushion}}, on the {{glossary link internal|long string}}.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}}  I.e., it is between the top cushion and the {{glossary link internal|pyramid}}. }}
 
{{term|term= blank |content=blank {{anchor|duck egg|goose egg|cipher|naught}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=An unfinished bottom half of a two piece cue (the {{glossary link internal|butt}} section) with the splice completed, but the cue not yet [[Woodturning|turned]] on a lathe to produce the final shape, and certain features having not yet been added such as a {{glossary link internal|wrap}}, {{glossary link internal|joint|joint mechanism}}, {{glossary link internal|butt cap}},  {{glossary link internal|bumper}} and [[inlay]]s.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|29}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=An unsuccessful inning at the table. Also known as a '''duck egg''', '''goose egg''', '''cipher''' or '''naught'''.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|29}} }}
 
{{term| blood test }}
{{defn|1= Any very difficult shot that must be made under pressure.<ref name="USOpen06-3">[[SportsNet New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[US Open Nine-ball Championship]] (aired December 7, 2007). [[Rodolfo Luat]] vs. [[Rob Saez]]. In-context commentary by pool pro Jerry Forsyth.</ref> }}
 
{{term|term= blue ball |content=blue ball {{anchor|blue balls|blue|the blue|blue, the}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=In [[snooker]], the {{glossary link internal|colour ball}} worth 5 points,<ref name="TIEOB"/> placed on the {{glossary link internal|blue spot}} in the centre of the table.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}}  In some (especially American) snooker ball sets it is numbered "5" on its surface. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Also '''the blues'''.'' In the [[eight-ball]] game variant [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], also known as eight-ball pool, a differently colored but otherwise identical replacement for {{glossary link internal|red ball|the red}} {{glossary link internal|group}} (i.e., what would be the {{glossary link internal|solids}} in an American-style [[Billiard ball|pool ball]] set).<ref name="BlackballRules">[http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play World Pool-Billiard Association Blackball Rules, 2012.]</ref> }}
 
{{term| blue spot }}
{{defn|1= The marked {{glossary link internal|spot}} on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{glossary link internal|blue ball}} is placed.  Regardless of table size, it is at the lengthwise and widthwise centre of the table (i.e. it is the same as the {{glossary link internal|centre spot}}.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} }}
 
{{term| body english }}
{{defn|1= The useless but common practice of contorting one's body while a shot is in play, usually in the direction one wishes a ball or balls to travel, as if in the vain hope that this will influence the balls' trajectories; the term is considered humorous.<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''See also {{cuegloss|english|{{typo|English}}}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term=bottle |content=bottle {{anchor|shake bottle|pea bottle|pill bottle|tally bottle|kelly bottle|Kelly bottle|kelly pool bottle|Kelly pool bottle}} }}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''shake bottle''', '''pea bottle''', '''pill bottle''', '''tally bottle''', '''{{typo|kelly}} bottle'''.}}
The bottle used in various games to hold numbered {{glossary link internal|pea|peas}}, it is employed to assign random spots to players in a roster (such as in a tournament), or to assign random balls to players of a game (such as in [[kelly pool]] and [[bottle pool]]).<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| bottom }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Chiefly British:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] from which the {{glossary link internal|break|break shot}} is taken. This usage is conceptually opposite that in North America, where this end of the table is called the {{glossary link internal|head}}.  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|top}}.''  ''See also {{glossary link internal|baulk}}. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Chiefly American:'' Exactly the opposite of the above – the {{glossary link internal|foot}} end of the table.  No longer in common usage. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Short for {{glossary link internal|bottom spin}}, i.e. same as {{glossary link internal|screw}} (British), {{glossary link internal|draw}} (American).'' }}
 
{{term| bottom cushion }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' The {{glossary link internal|cushion}} on the {{glossary link internal|bottom rail}}. Also known as the {{glossary link internal|baulk cushion}}, especially in [[snooker]]. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|head cushion}} (U.S.); contrast {{glossary link internal|top cushion}}.'' }}
 
{{term| bottom rail }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' The {{glossary link internal|short rail}} at the {{glossary link internal|bottom}} of the [[Billiard table|table]].  Traditionally this is the rail on which the table manufacturer's logo appears.  Also known as the {{glossary link internal|baulk rail}}, especially in [[snooker]].  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|head rail}} (U.S.); contrast {{glossary link internal|top rail}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= bottom spin |content=bottom spin {{anchor|bottomspin|bottom-spin}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''bottomspin''', '''bottom-spin''', '''bottom'''.}} ''Same as {{glossary link internal|back spin}}, i.e. {{glossary link internal|screw}} (UK), {{glossary link internal|draw}} (US).'' ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|top spin}}.'' ''See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= bouclée |content=''{{lang|fr|bouclée|}}'' {{anchor|bouclee}} }}
{{defn|1= A type of {{glossary link internal|bridge}} formed between the thumb and forefinger, creating a loop for the [[Cue stick|cue]] to pass through.  Principally used in [[carom billiards]], the term is [[French language|French]] for 'curled'.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book |title=Collins English Dictionary |edition=5th (online) chapter=bouclée |year=2012 |origyear=2000 |publisher=HarperCollins (News Corp.) |location=New York City, NY, US}}</ref>}}
 
{{term|term= break |content=break {{anchor|break shot|break off|break-off|breakshot|break-shot|breakoff}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Also '''break shot''' or '''break off''', as a noun.''  Typically describes the first shot in most types of billiards games. In [[Carom billiards|carom games]] it describes the first point attempt, as shot from an unvarying {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} and {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} placement; in many [[Pocket billiards|pocket billiards (pool) games]] it describes the first shot, which is used to separate the object balls which have been {{glossary link internal|rack (verb)|racked}} together;<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A series of consecutive {{glossary link internal|pot|pots}} by a player during a single {{glossary link internal|inning}}. Most often applied in [[snooker]] and [[English billiards]], e.g., "The player had a break of 89 points".<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> (chiefly British; ''compare US {{glossary link internal|run}}''). ''See also [[Maximum break]].'' }}
 
{{term|term= break and dish |content=break and dish {{anchor|break-and-dish}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Same as [[Break and run]]'' (chiefly British). }}
 
{{term|term= break and run |content=break and run {{anchor|break-and-run|break and run out|break-and-run-out}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''break and run out'''.''
''Chiefly American:'' In [[Pocket billiards|pool games]], when a player {{glossary link internal|break|breaks}} the {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}} {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}}, {{glossary link internal|pocket|pockets}} at least one ball on the break, and commences to {{glossary link internal|run out}} the remaining object balls without the opponent getting a {{glossary link internal|visit}} at the table. Hyphenated when used as an adjective or compound noun instead of a verbal phrase. ''See also {{glossary link internal|run the table}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term=break box |content=break box {{anchor|break-box|breakbox|breaking box|breaking-box|breakingbox}} }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Nine-ball break box diagram.png|thumb|right|250px|Diagram showing the break box and its relation to the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}} area and {{glossary link internal|head string}}.]]
In [[European Pocket Billiard Federation]] (EPBF) [[nine-ball]], the break box is a zone in the "{{glossary link internal|kitchen}}" of the {{glossary link internal|head}} (British: {{glossary link internal|bottom}}) of the [[Billiard table|table]], from which the {{glossary link internal|break|break shot}} must be taken with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}},<ref name="Jewett BD 2008-02">{{BDMag|first=Bob|last=Jewett|date=February 2008|title=Killing Me Softly?: The Outbreak of the Soft Break Threatens the Game of 9-ball|volume=30|issue=3|pages=pp. 34–35}}</ref><ref name="Panozzo BD 2008-02">{{BDMag|first=Mike|last=Panozzo|date=February 2008|title=Long Live the Cup!|volume=30|issue=3|pages=pp. 34–35}}</ref> not unlike {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}} zone used in [[snooker]], [[English billiards]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]. The break box consists of the middle 50% of the kitchen area, delimited laterally by the {{glossary link internal|head rail}} (British: {{glossary link internal|bottom rail}}) and {{glossary link internal|head string}} (not the {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}), and longitudinally by two parallel lines drawn (on the cloth, or more often imaginarily) from the head rail {{glossary link internal|diamond|diamonds}} that are closest to the {{glossary link internal|head}} {{glossary link internal|corner pocket|corner pockets}}, out to the head string ''(see illustration to the right)''.  This departure from [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]] World Standardised Rules defeats the common break-from-the-side-rail technique for pocketing the 9 ball on the break to win the game instantly; while 9 ball breaks are still possible, they are much more difficult under the new rule.<ref name="Jewett BD 2008-02"/> This EPBF Euro-Tour requirement was added to the Europe vs. US [[all-star]] team event, the [[Mosconi Cup]], in 2008 but has not otherwise been seen much by non-Europeans as of 2011. }}
 
{{term| break down one's cue }}
{{defn|1= To take one's two-piece [[cue stick]] apart. When done before a game's conclusion, it may indicate that the game is conceded.<ref name="TIEOB"/> Different leagues have different rules on this matter.}}
 
{{term| bridge }}
{{defn|1= Either the player's hand or a {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge}} used to support the shaft end of the cue stick during a shot. Also the particular hand formation used for this purpose (there are many).<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| bridge hand }}
{{defn|1= The hand used by a player as a {{glossary link internal|bridge}} during a normal shot that does not involve a {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge}}. The bridge hand is usually a player's non-dominant hand.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term|term= brown ball |content=brown ball {{anchor|brown balls|brown|browns|the brown|brown, the|brown-ball}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''the brown'''.''
In [[snooker]], the highest-value {{glossary link internal|baulk colour}}, worth 4 points.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|38}}  It is placed on the {{glossary link internal|brown spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|38}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} In some (especially American) snooker ball sets it is numbered "4" on its surface. }}
 
{{term| brown spot }}
{{defn|1= The {{glossary link internal|spot}} (often not marked) on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{glossary link internal|brown ball}} is placed.  Regardless of table size, it is the middle point of the {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|38}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} I.e., it is the ''same as the {{glossary link internal|baulk spot}}.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} The left-to-right order of the {{glossary link internal|green ball|green}}, brown and {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellow balls}} is the subject of the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} }}
 
{{term| bumper }}
{{defn|1= The bumper on the bottom of a cue, usually made from rubber, which insulates the {{glossary link internal|butt cap}} from contact with the floor and greatly reduces noise. The bumper was first patented in 1880.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| burnish }}
{{defn|no=1|1=To seal the pores of a wooden [[Cue stick|cue]]'s {{glossary link internal|shaft}} by rubbing vigorously with some material. Leather is commonly employed for the task, as is [[Banknote|paper money]]. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=To similarly vigorously rub the edge of a {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} (especially a new one) to fortify it against {{glossary link internal|mushroom|mushrooming}} and ensure that it is perfectly flush with the {{glossary link internal|ferrule}}. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=To smooth out minor dents in the {{glossary link internal|shaft}} with a rigid {{glossary link internal|burnisher}}. }}
 
{{term| burnisher }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A pad, usually of leather, used to {{glossary link internal|burnish}} (seal the wood pores of) a {{glossary link internal|shaft|cue shaft}}. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A rigid {{glossary link internal|tip tool}} used to finish and harden the sides of a new {{glossary link internal|cue tip}}. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=A {{glossary link internal|shaft}} maintenance tool, most commonly a cylindrical glass rod, used for smoothing minor nicks in the shaft. This is sometimes done after swelling the wood at the nick site with some moist application. }}
 
{{term| bushka rings }}
{{defn|1= Named after their innovator, legendary cuemaker [[George Balabushka]], Bushka rings are decorative bands of material incorporated into pool cues, commonly just above the {{glossary link internal|wrap}} area, in the form of ebony and ivory blocks, or sometimes other materials, alternating in a checked pattern.<ref>{{cite book|last=Simpson|first=Brad|title=Blue Book of Pool Cues|editors=Paul Rubino & Victor Stein|publisher=Blue Book Publications|year=1996|edition=first|page=103|isbn=1-886768-02-1}}</ref> }}
 
{{term|term= business, doing |content=business, doing {{anchor|business|doing business}}}}
{{defn|1= Collusion between matchplay opponents who prearrange who will win a match on which other people's money is wagered, in order to guarantee a payday.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| butt }}
{{defn|1= The bottom portion of a pool cue which is gripped by a player's hand.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| butt cap }}
{{defn|1= A protective cap mounted on the end of the {{glossary link internal|butt}} of a cue. }}
 
{{term| button }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|point}} bead on a {{glossary link internal|scoring string}}.<ref name="BDESaw">{{cite journal
|url=http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?BaseHref=BEG/1893/12/20&Page=8&SelectedEntity=Ar00807&skin=BEagle&GZ=T
|title=Saw Good Billiards: Union Leaguers Entertained by Four Star Cue-wielders
|author=<!--staff writers, no by-line-->
|journal=Brooklyn Daily Eagle
|date=December 20, 1893
|page=8
|publisher=''[[ibid.]]''
|accessdate=2008-08-19}}
Usage clearly demonstrated in context. NB: Each section of the newspaper page scans on this site can be clicked for a readable closeup.</ref> }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==C==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| calcutta }}
{{defn|1= A player's auction at a pool tournament. Each player is called and players and spectators bid on the player. The highest bidder(s) pays their bid to the calcutta, and by doing so invest in that player's success. If a player wins or places in the tournament, those who "bought" the player receive a percentage of the total calcutta payout, usually tracking the percentage payout of the tournament prize fund. Typically, players have the option of purchasing half of themselves when the high bid is won by a third party.  Like {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} and {{glossary link internal|scotch doubles}}, usually not capitalized. }}
 
{{term| call }}
{{defn|1= Any instance of a player having to say what they are about to do. For example, in [[straight pool]] a player must ''call'' the pocket in which a ball is intended to be potted. More formal terms, used in rule books and instructional materials, include {{glossary link internal|designate}} and {{glossary link internal|nominate}}. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|fish}}, {{glossary link internal|slop}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= call-shot |content=call-shot {{anchor|called-shot|call shot|called shot|call-pocket|called-pocket|call pocket|called pocket|call the pocket|call your pocket}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''called-shot'''; '''call-pocket''' or '''called-pocket'''.}}
Any game in which during normal play a player must call the ball to be hit and the intended pocket; "eight-ball is a call-shot game."<ref name="BCA"/> Sometimes referred to as "call[ed]-pocket", "{{glossary link internal|ball-and-pocket}} rules", etc., to distinguish it from the common North American {{glossary link internal|bar pool}} practice of requiring every ''aspect'' of shots to be called, such as {{glossary link internal|carom|caroms}}, {{glossary link internal|kick|kicks}}, and {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} to be contacted (this is sometimes also ambiguously referred to as "call-shot", but more  accurately termed "call-everything" or "call-it-all").  ''See also {{glossary link internal|gentlemen's call}}.''<!--This entry probably needs to fork into two definitions.--> }}
 
{{term| called ball }}
{{defn|1= The ball designated by a player to be pocketed on a shot.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| called pocket }}
{{defn|1= The pocket designated by a player to which a ball is to be shot.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| cannon }}
{{defn|1= British/Australian and sometimes Canadian term for {{glossary link internal|carom}}. }}
 
{{term| card }}
{{defn|1= ''Short for {{glossary link internal|tournament card}}.''<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
 
{{term| carom }}
{{defn|1= Carom came into use in the 1860s and is a shortening of ''carambola'', which was earlier used to describe the red object ball used in many billiards games.<ref name="TIEOB"/> Carom generally refers to any type of strike and rebound,<ref>Lexico Publishing Group, LLC (2006). [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/carom Carom – Dictionary.com]. Retrieved January 31, 2007.</ref> off a rail or ball, but may also be used as short for a ''carom shot'' in which a point is scored in [[carom billiards]] games by careening the cue ball into the two object balls.<ref name="BCA"/> Also called a {{glossary link internal|cannon}} in British terminology. }}
 
{{term| carom angle }}
{{defn|1= {{empty section|date=December 2011|reason=This is pretty much mandatory, since it is a key term in several other entries; must be distinguished from [[#tangent line]].}} }}
 
{{term| carambole }}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''carambola'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;The red {{glossary link internal|object ball}} in carom games. The term is thought to be [[Etymology|derived]] from an orange-colored, tropical Asian fruit, called a carambola in [[English (language)|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and several other languages, in turn from ''karambal'' in the [[Marathi language]] of [[India]].<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Douglas |last=Harper |year=2001 |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=carom |title=Carom |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |accessdate=January 31, 2007}}</ref> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A general-purpose term for [[carom billiards]] games }}
{{defn|no=3|1=(Obsolete.) Alternate name for the game of [[straight rail]] }}
{{defn|no=4|1=A {{glossary link internal|carom}}. }}
 
{{term| catch a stroke }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|stroke, catch a|Stroke, catch a}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= center spot |content=center spot {{anchor|centre spot|center-spot|centre-spot|centerspot|centrespot}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''centre spot''', .''
The spot (usually unmarked, except in [[snooker]])<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} at the geometric center of the {{glossary link internal|bed of table|bed}} of the table.<ref name="BCA"/>  It lies at the intersection of the {{glossary link internal|center string}} and {{glossary link internal|long string}}.  In [[snooker]], it is more commonly known as the {{glossary link internal|blue spot}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} Uncommonly it is also called the {{glossary link internal|middle spot}}. }}
 
{{term|term= center string |content=center string {{anchor|centerstring|centre string|centrestring|center-string|centre-string}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''centre string'''.''
The (usually unmarked) line bisecting the centers of the two {{glossary link internal|long rail|long rails}} (and of the {{glossary link internal|side pocket|side [Brit.: centre] pockets}} if any) and the {{glossary link internal|center spot}}. It thus runs widthwise (i.e. the short way) across the center of the table. Its intersection with the {{glossary link internal|long string}}, running lengthwise down the middle of the table, defines the position of the center spot. }}
 
{{term|term= centre pocket |content=centre pocket {{anchor|center pocket|centre pockets|center pockets|centre-pocket|center-pocket}}}}
{{defn|1= In the UK, one of the two {{glossary link internal|pocket|pockets}} one either side of a [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], [[snooker]] or [[English billiards]] table halfway up the {{glossary link internal|long rail|long rails}}. They are cut shallower than {{glossary link internal|corner pocket|corner pockets}} because they have a 180 degree aperture, instead of 90 degrees. Also sometimes called a '''middle pocket'''. These terms are not generally used in the US, where '''{{glossary link internal|side pocket}}''' prevails. }}
 
{{term| century }}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Century break}}
''Also '''[[century break]]'''.''
In [[snooker]], [[English billiards]] and other British usage, a {{glossary link internal|break}} of 100 points or more, which involves {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} at least 26<!-- the last 10 reds with blacks + yellow + green + brown + blue + pink = 100 --> balls consecutively, in snooker, but can be earned via a combination of scoring techniques in English billiards, etc. A '''century of centuries''' is the achievement of 100 or more century breaks in a career, a feat [[List of snooker players with over 100 century breaks|few players have performed to date]].  ''See also {{glossary link internal|double century}}.'' }}
 
{{term| chalk }}
{{defn|1= A powdered substance placed on a [[Cue stick|cue]]'s {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}} to increase its [[friction]] and thereby decrease slippage between the tip and {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. Cue "chalk" is not actually [[chalk]] ([[calcium carbonate]]) at all, but a compound of [[silica]] and [[aluminium oxide]].  Chalk is sold in compressed, dyed (most commonly blue) cubes wrapped on five sides with a paper label, and is applied (properly) in a manner similar to lipstick on the mouth. Chalk is essential to shots involving {{glossary link internal|spin}}, and failure to use it frequently during a game is likely to lead to {{glossary link internal|miscue|miscuing}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|44–45}} Modern cue chalk was co-invented by pro player [[William A. Spinks]] and engineer [[William Hoskins (inventor)|William Hoskins]].<ref>{{cite journal
|url=http://www.toaster.org/hoskins_tragic.html|title=The World's Most Tragic Man Is the One Who Never Starts|last=Clark
|first=Neil M.|journal=[[The American (magazine)|The American]]|date=May 1927|accessdate=February 26, 2009
|url=http://www.toaster.org/hoskins_tragic.html}}</ref><ref>{{US patent|0578514}}, March 9, 1897</ref> ''See also {{glossary link internal|talc}}, often incorrectly referred to as "{{glossary link internal|hand chalk}}".'' }}
 
{{term| chasing one's money }}
{{defn|1= The inability of some players to stop gambling once they have lost money because they "have" to get their money back. }}
 
{{term|term= cheat the pocket |content=cheat the pocket {{anchor|cheat-the-pocket|cheating the pocket|cheating-the-pocket}}}}
{{defn|1= To aim at an object ball such that it will enter one side or the other, rather than the center, of a pocket. This permits the cue ball to strike the object ball at a different contact point than the most obvious one. Cheating the pocket is employed for {{glossary link internal|position play}}, to allow a ball to pass another partially obscuring the path to the pocket, and to prevent {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratches}} on dead-straight shots in cases where draw is not desirable (or may not be dependable, e.g. because of {{glossary link internal|smash-through}}).<ref>{{cite book|last=Capelle|first=Philip B.|title=Play Your Best Pool|publisher=Billiards Press|year=1995|page=17|isbn=978-0-9649204-0-8}}</ref> }}
 
{{term| check side }}
{{defn|1= also commonly referred to as "check" is a type of {{glossary link internal|english|spin}} imparted to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} to make it rebound from a {{glossary link internal|cushion}} at a shallower angle than it would if the spin had not been used. Normally played when the natural angle is no good to the player for the next shot.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|48}} }}
 
{{term| chesney }}
{{defn|1= Sometimes known as a "Chesney Allen", a slight indentation in the table's slate which can add behavioral aspects to any ball passing over it. Tables containing a chesney are legal for match play, but are generally avoided by serious and professional players.}}
 
{{term| chinese snooker }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Chinese Snooker.png|thumb|right|200px|Chinese snooker on the red ball]]
A situation where the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is directly in front of another ball in the line of the shot such that the player is {{glossary link internal|hampered}} by it, having to {{glossary link internal|bridge}} over it awkwardly with the likelihood of a {{glossary link internal|foul}} looming if the object ball is inadvertently touched.<ref>{{cite book|last=Green|first= Jonathon|title=Dictionary of Jargon|publisher=Routledge|year=1987|page=112|isbn=978-0-7100-9919-8|url=http://books.google.com/?id=P0QOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA112&dq=%22chinese+snooker%22|accessdate=February 26, 2009|location=London}}</ref> The term is most common in the game of [[snooker]] but is used in U.S. parlance. }}
 
{{term|term= chuck nurse |content=chuck nurse {{anchor|chuck|chuck nurse shot}}}}
{{defn|1= Known as a '''{{glossary link internal|rocking cannon}}''' in British terminology.
A type of {{glossary link internal|nurse}} used in [[carom billiards]] games. With one object ball frozen to a cushion and the second object ball a few inches away from the rail, the cue ball is gently rebounded off the {{glossary link internal|frozen}} ball not moving it, but with just enough speed to meet the other object ball which rocks in place, but does not change position. Developed to thwart the restrictions emplaced by the {{glossary link internal|Parker's box}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|8}}<ref name="Loy1">{{cite web
|url= http://www.jimloy.com/billiard/chuck.htm
|title=The Chuck Nurse
|last=Loy
|first=Jim
|work=Jim Loy's Billiards/Pool Page
|year=2000
|accessdate=2007-02-24
}} The Shamos source is the authoritative one, but this site provides an animated illustration of precisely how the chuck nurse works.</ref> }}
 
{{term| choke }}
{{defn|1= To commit errors while shooting, especially at the {{glossary link internal|money ball}}, due to pressure.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|50}} ''See also {{glossary link internal|dog}}, {{glossary link internal|one-stroke}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cinch a ball }}
{{defn|1= To play a shot with the stroke and speed that makes it easiest to pocket the object ball, even at the expense of sacrificing position.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| cinch a pocket }}
{{defn|1= To maneuver a ball on a shot so that it will be favorably positioned for later play into a particular pocket, even at the expense of sacrificing position or the inning to achieve that result.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| cinch position }}
{{defn|1= To play a shot using a more difficult application of stroke and speed to achieve a certain desired position for the next shot, even at the expense of or sharply increasing the likelihood of a miss.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| clean }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Chiefly British.'' Describing a {{glossary link internal|pot}} that goes straight into the {{glossary link internal|pocket}} without touching either {{glossary link internal|knuckle}}. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Chiefly American.''  Describing a shot in {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}: the {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketing}} of an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} in a manner such that the target object ball does not {{glossary link internal|kiss shot|kiss}} any other object ball, and is not {{glossary link internal|bank shot|banked}}, {{glossary link internal|kick shot|kicked}}, {{glossary link internal|carom|caromed}}, or {{glossary link internal|combination shot|combo'd}} in, and without {{glossary link internal|double kiss|double-kissing}}, though it may hit the {{glossary link internal|knuckle|knuckles}}, and depending upon local bar-rules may be allowed to contact either of the cushions, not just at the knuckle, that run into the target pocket.  Usage example: "The 7 in that corner, clean".  Usage can be narrower, to indicate clean ''other than as already specified'', e.g. "bank the 7 in that corner, clean". }}
 
{{term| clearance }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]] and British [[Pocket billiards|pool]], the successful {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} of all object {{glossary link internal|ball-on|balls-on}} in a single {{glossary link internal|frame}}. A player is said to have "cleared up" or to have "cleared the table". Also, if a snooker player compiles a {{glossary link internal|break}} consisting of all 15 {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}} with {{glossary link internal|colour ball|colours}}, then the colours in sequence, this is known as a "total clearance".  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|break and run}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cling }}
{{defn|1= Phenomenon where two balls, (usually the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} and an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}) have some foreign material (often residual {{glossary link internal|chalk}} or dirt picked up from unbrushed cloth) between them at the point of contact, resulting in the struck object ball being thrown offline from the expected trajectory, and often also affecting the post-impact path of the cue ball. A typical precaution against cling is to ask for the cue ball and/or object ball to be cleaned by the referee in order to remove chalk that is already on the ball prior to the shot. The table cloth should also be clean. However, no precaution can ward against cling resulting from chalk transferred from the cue tip to the cue ball during a single shot. Coincidental cling can therefore cause unpredictable play and occasionally lead to rudimentary shots being missed at even the highest levels of the game.<ref name="BBC4304501">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/video_and_audio/help_guide/4304501.stm BBC Sport video] investigating the cause of {{glossary link internal|cling}} (a.k.a. {{glossary link internal|kick|kicks}} or {{glossary link internal|skid}}); retrieved 4 May 2007</ref>  "Cling" (and derived words like "clung", "clinger", "clinging", etc.) may be used as a mass noun, less commonly as a count noun, as a verb, and rarely as an adjective ("cling is annoying", "two clings in one frame", "they clung", "unintentional cling shot", respectively). ''Also known as {{glossary link internal|skid}}, or in the UK, {{glossary link internal|kick}} (sense 2).''  ''See also {{glossary link internal|dead ball}}, sense 2.'' }}
 
{{term|term= closed bridge |content=closed bridge {{anchor|loop bridge|loop-bridge}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''loop bridge'''.''
A bridge formed by the hand where a finger (normally the [[index finger]]) is curved over the cue stick and the other fingers are spread on the cloth providing solid support for the cue stick's direction. A closed bridge is less common in snooker play than in other games.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|52–3}}''Compare {{glossary link internal|open bridge|Open bridge}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cloth }}
{{defn|1= The [[baize]] cloth covering the tables playing surface and rails, usually made from wool or a wool-nylon blend. In use since the 15th century, cloth is traditionally green-colored, chosen for its evocation of grass. Sometimes cloth is improperly referred to as "felt." The properties of the cloth used to cover a table, as well as environmental conditions that can affect it—notably humidity, the degree its been stretched when installed, and its level of cleanness—have a profound effect on play.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} ''See also {{glossary link internal|fast}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= cloth speed |content=cloth speed {{anchor|cloth-speed|speed of the cloth|clothspeed}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|table speed}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cluster }}
{{defn|1= Two or more object balls that are touching or are close together. More rare uses of the term include the intended action of a {{glossary link internal|gather shot}}, and a {{glossary link internal|run}} of points.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} }}
 
{{term|term= cocked-hat double |content=cocked-hat double {{anchor|cocked hat double|cocked-hat|cocked hat}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''cocked hat double'''.''
A term applied especially in [[snooker]] for a type of double off three cushions, e.g. around the {{glossary link internal|baulk colour|baulk colours}} and into a {{glossary link internal|centre pocket}}. Such a shot is very difficult to make and would not normally be played as anything more than a {{glossary link internal|shot for nothing}}. }}
 
{{term|term= collar |content=collar {{anchor|collars}}}}
{{defn|1= The protector of the {{glossary link internal|joint}} of the [[Cue stick|cue]] on the joint end of the {{glossary link internal|butt}} and {{glossary link internal|shaft}} (i.e., the '''butt collar''' and '''shaft collar''' respectively). Most modern cues use collars of steel and/or other materials, but [[carom billiards]] cues usually have a collarless wood-on-wood joint,<ref name="Kilby 2009"/> as do "{{glossary link internal|sneaky pete|sneaky petes}}". }}
 
{{term|term= collision-induced side spin |content=collision-induced side spin {{anchor|collision-induced sidespin|collision-induced side-spin|collision-induced english}}}}
{{defn|1= {{glossary link internal|Side spin}} imparted to an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} by the friction from the hit of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} during a {{glossary link internal|cut shot}}. }}
 
{{term| collision-induced throw }}
{{defn|1= Deflection of an object ball's path away from the impact line of a {{glossary link internal|cut shot}}, caused by sliding friction between the cue ball and the object ball. One of the two types of {{glossary link internal|throw}}. }}
 
{{term|term= colour ball |content=colour ball {{anchor|colour-ball|coloured ball|colour|colours|color ball|color-ball|colored ball|color|colors}}}}
{{defn|1= [[File:Set of Snookerballs.png|thumb|right|A complete set of snooker balls with 15 red balls, six '''coloured balls''' and cue ball.]]
{{ghat|Also '''coloured ball(s)''', '''colour(s)'''; American spelling '''color''' sometimes also used.}}
1.&nbsp; In [[snooker]], any of the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} that are not {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}. A colour ball must be {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}} after each red in the continuation of a {{glossary link internal|break}}, and are {{glossary link internal|re-spot|re-spotted}} until the reds run out, after which the colours must be potted in their order:
{{ubl|style=margin-left:0.5em
|{{libull|{{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellow}} (2 points);}}
|{{libull|{{glossary link internal|green ball|green}} (3 points);}}
|{{libull|{{glossary link internal|brown ball|brown}} (4 points);}}
|{{libull|{{glossary link internal|blue ball|blue}} (5 points);}}
|{{libull|{{glossary link internal|pink ball|pink}} (6 points);}}
|{{libull|{{glossary link internal|black ball|black}} (7 points).}}
}}
Although the full term includes "ball" after the colour, they are most commonly referred to with the omission of "ball", just stating the colour (e.g. "he's taken five blacks with reds so far"). }}
{{defn|1=
2.&nbsp; In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], a generic, collective term for the {{glossary link internal|red ball|red}} and {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellow}} {{glossary link internal|group|groups}} of {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}}, corresponding to the (originally American, but used much more widely today) {{glossary link internal|solids}} and {{glossary link internal|stripes}}, respectively.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}
 
{{term|term= combination |content=combination {{anchor|combinations|combination shot|combination-shot|combo|combo shot|combo-shot|combos}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''combination shot''', '''combo'''.''
Any shot in which the cue ball contacts an object ball, which in turn hits one or more additional object balls (which in turn may hit yet further object balls) to send the last-hit object ball to an intended place, usually a pocket.<ref name="BCA"/> In the UK this is often referred to as a {{glossary link internal|plant}}. }}
 
{{term| contact point }}
{{defn|1= The point on each of two balls at which they touch at the moment of impact.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| containing safety }}
{{defn|1= A type of {{glossary link internal|safety shot}} in the middle of a safety exchange that is not intended to put the opponent in a difficult situation regarding their next safety, but rather played so as to not leave an easy {{glossary link internal|pot}} on. A typical example in [[snooker]], which sees the most shots of this kind, is a slow {{glossary link internal|roll-up}} into the {{glossary link internal|pack}}. }}
 
{{term|term= corner-hooked |content=corner-hooked {{anchor|corner hooked|cornerhooked|corner-hook|cornerhook|corner hook}}}}
{{defn|1= When the corner lip of a pocket blocks the path of the cue ball from contacting an intended object ball. Interchangeable with "{{glossary link internal|tittie-hooked}}".<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| corner pocket }}
{{defn|1= Any of the four {{glossary link internal|pocket|pockets}} in each corner of a pool or [[snooker]] table. They have a 90 degree aperture and as such are cut deeper than center pockets, which have 180 degree apertures. }}
 
{{term|term= count |content=count {{anchor|counts|Count|Counts|counting|counted|to count|count, to}} }}
{{defn|1= 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A successful shot or score; more common in carom games.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
{{defn|1= 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;The running score during a game {{glossary link internal|inning}} where multiple successive points have been made.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| counter rack }}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''counting rack''', '''counter ball rack''',<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|187}}  etc.}}
''Same as {{glossary link internal|scoring rack}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cradle cannon }}
{{defn|1= A type of {{glossary link internal|nurse}} shot used in [[English billiards]] in which two coloured balls are positioned on either side of the mouth of a snooker table pocket but not touching and, thus placed, can be  successively contacted and scored off over and over by the cue ball without moving them. The cradle cannon's first known use was by Walter Lovejoy in 1907. The unofficial record using the shot is held by [[Tom Reece]] who in 1907, over the course of a month, scored 499,135 points using the cradle cannon before stopping without missing. This feat prompted the Billiards Association to outlaw the shot. The official record is held by William Cook with 42,746 points scored.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|62}} ''Compare {{glossary link internal|anchor nurse}}.'' }}
 
{{term| creep }}
{{defn|1= Deviation of a ball from its initial direction of travel. Often the result of a poor-quality table and may be an artifact of the {{glossary link internal|cloth}}, the {{glossary link internal|bed}}, a ball with uneven weight distribution, or simply the floor the table stands on being uneven. It should not be confused with the {{glossary link internal|nap}} of the cloth. }}
 
{{term| cribbage }}
{{defn|1= A set of paired balls in the game of [[Cribbage (pool)|cribbage pool]] that have a number value which combined equal 15. For example, the 8 ball and the 7 ball added together equal 15 and thus constitute one cribbage if pocketed in succession.<ref name="Fels">{{cite book | last = Fels | first = George | year = 2000 | title = Pool Simplified, Somewhat  | publisher = Courier Dover Publications | location = [[Mineola, NY]] | pages = 9, 88–89 | isbn = 0-486-41368-3}}</ref> }}
 
{{term| cross }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Hilfsqueue the cross.png|thumb|200px|Cross rake]]
''Also '''cross rake''' or '''jigger'''.'' A type of {{glossary link internal|rest}}, with a straight {{glossary link internal|shaft}} and "x"-shaped head for resting the {{glossary link internal|cue}} upon. }}
 
{{term| cross-corner }}
{{defn|1= A bank shot that rebounds from a cushion into a corner pocket across the table.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| cross double }}
{{defn|1= A British term describing a {{glossary link internal|bank shot}} in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} crosses the future path of the {{glossary link internal|object ball}}. Such shots are usually played into a {{glossary link internal|center pocket}} because there is the danger of a {{glossary link internal|double kiss|double-kiss}} if played to a {{glossary link internal|corner pocket}}. }}
 
{{term| cross-side }}
{{defn|1= A bank shot that rebounds from a cushion and into a side pocket.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| crotch }}
{{defn|1= The corner formed by the rails on a carom billiards table. In modern [[straight rail]] rules, only three {{glossary link internal|count|counts}} may be made while both {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} are inside the boundaries of the crotch before one ball must be driven away. The boundaries of each of the four crotch areas are measured by drawing a line from the first {{glossary link internal|diamond}} on the {{glossary link internal|end rail}} to the second diamond on the {{glossary link internal|long rail}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term|term= Crucible Curse |content=Crucible Curse {{anchor|crucible curse|Crucible curse|Crucible Curse, the|the Crucible Curse|The Crucible Curse}} }}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Crucible Curse}}
The phenomenon that (as of 2011) no first-time winner of the [[World Snooker Championship]] has successfully defended the title the following year since it moved to the [[Crucible Theatre]] in 1977. }}
 
{{term| cue }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Noun:'' ''Also '''cue stick'''.'' A stick, usually around 55-60" in length with a tip made of a material such as leather on the end and sometimes with a joint in the middle, which is used to propel billiard balls.
{{Main|Cue stick}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Noun:'' Sometimes "cue" is short for {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Verb:'' ''Same as {{glossary link internal|stroke}}, definition 1 }}
 
{{term| cue action }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' The posture and timing used by players on their shots, often indicative of how they play in their shot selection. A fast, natural player would tend to be more aggressive whereas a less naturally gifted player might have a slow action and tend to be more conservative on the table. It is widely thought that better snooker players get lower to the table with their chins on the {{glossary link internal|cue}}, have a straight back leg, their elbow hinging in line with the shot, and a straight follow-through after the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} has been struck.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}} }}
 
{{term|term= cue ball |content=cue ball {{anchor|cueball|cue balls|cueballs|cue-ball|cue-balls}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''cue-ball''', '''cueball'''.''
The [[Billiard ball|ball]] in nearly any [[cue sport]], typically white in color, that a player strikes with a [[cue stick]].<ref name="BCA"/> Sometimes referred to as the "white ball", "whitey" or "the rock".<ref>[[MSG Plus|MSG+]] re-broadcast of the [[2011 Mosconi Cup]] 9-Ball Championship, final (aired August 12, 2012, 1:00 p.m.). [[Shane Van Boening]] and [[Johnny Archer]] vs. [[Nick van den Berg]] and [[Niels Feijen]]. In-context commentary at 18 min. in by pro and pool and billiards writer Jerry Forsyth: "He left the rock in a perfect line."</ref> ''For more information, see the [[billiard ball]] main article.'' }}
 
{{term| cue ball control }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|position play}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cue holder }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A portable device for holding cues upright and at the ready for immediate use. The most common types are either weighted and placed on a table top, with semicircular cut-outs into which cues may lean, or clamping varieties that firmly affix to a table and which have clips or holes into which cues are placed for added security. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|cue stand}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|wall rack}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cue power }}
{{defn|1= A chiefly British term describing the amount of control a player can retain when playing shots with heavy {{glossary link internal|spin}} and great pace; "it took tremendous cue power to get onto the 2 ball having been relatively straight on the 1". }}
 
{{term|term= cue rack |content=cue rack {{anchor|cue racks|cuerack|cue-rack|cueracks|cue-racks}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cue stand}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|wall rack}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= cue stand |content=cue stand {{anchor|cue stands|cuestand|cue-stand|cuestands|cue-stands}}}}
{{defn|1= A piece of stand-alone or "island" furniture designed to store [[cue stick]]s and sometimes other accessories such as the {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge}} ({{glossary link internal|rest}}), [[billiard ball|balls]], {{glossary link internal|chalk}}, etc., when not in use. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|wall rack}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= cue stick |content=cue stick {{anchor|cuestick|cue sticks|cuestick|cuesticks|cue-stick|cue-sticks}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''cue-stick''', '''cuestick'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|cue}}.''
{{Main|Cue stick}} }}
 
{{term| cue tip }}
{{defn|1= {{Details|Cue stick#Tips}}
A material, usually leather, placed on the end of a cue stick which comes in contact with the cue ball.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| curve shot }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|semi-massé}}.  Compare {{glossary link internal|swerve shot}}.'' }}
 
{{term| cueist }}
{{defn|1= A player of [[cue sports]]. }}
 
{{term| cushion }}
{{defn|1= The elastic bumpers mounted on all rails of a billiards table, usually made from rubber or synthetic rubber, from which the balls rebound.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| cut shot }}
{{defn|1= Technically, any shot that is not a center-to-center hit, but almost always employed when describing a shot that has more than a slight degree of angle.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==D==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= D, the |content=D, the {{anchor|"D", the|the "D"|The "D"|the D|"D"|d, the|the d}}}}
{{defn|1= A semicircle with an 11½&nbsp;inch (291&nbsp;mm) radius, drawn behind a snooker table's {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}, centred on the middle of the line, and resembling the upper case letter "D" in shape. The D is also used in [[English billiards]] and sometimes also in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] and other pool games played on British-style [[Billiard table|tables]].<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| dart stroke }}
{{defn|1= A short and loose stroke performed in a manner similar to the way one throws a dart; usually employed for a {{glossary link internal|jump shot}}. ''See also {{glossary link internal|nip draw}}.'' }}
 
{{term| dead }}
{{defn|1= When two or more {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} are {{glossary link internal|frozen}} or nearly frozen, such that {{glossary link internal|cue ball|cue-ball}} contact with one object ball, without the necessity of great accuracy, will almost certainly pocket an intended object ball in the {{glossary link internal|cluster}}.  The most common form of dead arrangements are the '''dead combination''' or '''dead combo''' (a {{glossary link internal|combination|combination shot}} in which contact with the first object ball will pocket another one), and the '''dead kiss''', in which contact with the first object ball will pocket it off of another one. See also {{glossary link internal|wired}}.'' }}
 
{{term| dead cushion }}
{{defn|1= Same as  {{glossary link internal|dead rail}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| dead ball }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Short for {{glossary link internal|dead ball shot}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A ball that has been used for some time, with a dirty surface, as opposed to a slick new (or highly polished used) ball.<ref name="BDESaw"/> A {{glossary link internal|spin|spinning}} dead ball will transfer more spin to other balls it comes into contact with, and not be as {{glossary link internal|fast}} on the cloth. Even {{glossary link internal|cut shot}} angles may be affected because of the {{glossary link internal|cling}} or {{glossary link internal|skid}} (British: {{glossary link internal|kick}}) effect, and professional players often ask a referee to clean a ball, mid-game.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}<!--Should be easy to source.-->  Others may actually be more used to dead balls and prefer them.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
 
{{term| dead ball shot }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|kill shot}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| dead rail }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|cushion}} that has either lost a degree of elastic resiliency or is not firmly bolted to the frame, in both cases causing balls to rebound with less energy than is normal. }}
 
{{term| dead stroke }}
{{defn|1= When a player is playing flawlessly, just "cannot miss" and the game seems effortless. }}
 
{{term| deadweight }}
{{defn|1= Describing a {{glossary link internal|pot}} played at such a pace as to just reach the {{glossary link internal|pocket}} and drop in without hitting the back. }}
 
{{term| deflection }}
{{defn|1= Displacement of the cue ball's path away from the parallel line formed by the cue stick's direction of travel; occurs every time {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} is employed. The degree of deflection increases as the amount of {{typo|english}} applied increases. It is also called squirt, typically in the United States. }}
 
{{term| deliberate foul }}
{{defn|1= A shot, especially common in [[straight pool]] and in some variants of [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] (but not WEPF/EPA rules<ref name="WEPFRules"/>), in which a player intentionally commits a {{glossary link internal|foul}} with the object in mind of either leaving the opponent with little chance of {{glossary link internal|run out|running out}} or simply to avoid shooting where no good shot is presented and to do anything else would give the opponent an advantage. It is often referred to in straight pool as a "back scratch." }}
 
{{term| designate }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|call}}. (Formal.)'' }}
 
{{term| develop }}
{{defn|1= To move a ball (usually deliberately) from a safe position, e.g. close to the middle of a {{glossary link internal|cushion}} or in a {{glossary link internal|cluster}}, so that it becomes {{glossary link internal|pot|pottable}}. }}
 
{{term|term= diamond |content=diamond {{anchor|diamonds}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=[[File:Pool table diamond samples2.jpg|thumb|right|A manufacturer's sample board showing various styles of {{glossary link internal|diamond}} inlays for [[billiard table]]s.]]One of a number of identical markings, usually inlaid into the surface above the rail cushions, used as target or reference points. Three equally spaced diamonds are normally between each pocket on a pool table. On a [[Carom billiards|carom]] table, the pockets themselves are replaced by additional diamonds. Diamonds get their name from the shape of the markings traditionally used; though many today are round, square, etc., these rail markings are still referred to as "diamonds". They are also referred to as {{glossary link internal|sight|sights}}, especially in British English. ''(See also {{glossary link internal|diamond system}}.)'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=[[File:Seven-ball diamond rack 1a.jpg|thumb|left|{{glossary link internal|rack|Racking}} up a game of [[seven-ball]] using the {{glossary link internal|diamond}} [[Rack (billiards)|rack]] more commonly used for [[nine-ball]], but sideways. The [[Billiard ball|1 ball]] is about to be placed on the {{glossary link internal|foot spot}} to complete the rack.]]A particular shape of [[Rack (billiards)|ball rack]], in the form of a [[parallelogram]] ("diamond shape"), used for {{glossary link internal|rack|racking}} games of [[nine-ball]] and [[seven-ball]], though the {{glossary link internal|triangle|triangle rack}} can also be used for the former, and [[hexagon]]al racks also exist for the latter.  ''(See also {{glossary link internal|triangle}}.)''{{clear|left}} }}
 
{{term| diamond system }}
{{defn|1= Any system for {{glossary link internal|bank shot|banking}} or {{glossary link internal|kick shot|kicking}} balls multiple rails which uses table {{glossary link internal|diamonds}} as aiming references. }}
 
{{term| discipline }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A [[cue sports]] game (such as [[eight-ball]], [[three-cushion billiards]], [[Balkline and straight rail|18.2 balkline]], etc.), especially as a professional or serious amateur specialization: "He was a World Champion in three billiards disciplines."{{Citation needed|date=August 2008|reason=Definition not challenged; this tag is here to clearly indicated that the APTSA source in defn. 2 does not source defn. 1 as well.}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=An [[artistic pool]] term for a category of [[trick shot]]s; artistic pool is divided into eight disciplines, and [[Artistic Pool & Trick Shot Association|APTSA]] tournaments present both discipline-specific and all-around awards.<ref name="APTSA Rules"/> }}
 
{{term| dish }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|run out}}'' (chiefly British). ''See also {{glossary link internal|break and dish}}.'' }}
 
{{term| divot }}
{{defn|1= An indentation in the {{glossary link internal|cloth}} of the [[Billiard table|table]], especially at the {{glossary link internal|foot spot}} where the {{cuegloss|apex|apex ball}} is often tapped into secure position during {{glossary link internal|rack (noun)|racking}}. In extreme cases, the indentation may actually be in the slate {{glossary link internal|bed}} of the table, from excessive tapping over many years, and can cause unexpected {{cuegloss|table roll}}s.  A {{glossary link internal|racking template}} is used to intentionally create minor divots for all of the balls in a rack.  }}
 
{{term|term= dog |content=dog {{anchor|dogs|dog it|dogged|dogging|to dog|dog, to}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''dog it'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A widespread term in US parlance describing missing a relatively easy shot—often in the face of pressure. Can be used in many forms: "I dogged the shot"; "I hope he dogs it"; "I'm such a dog."<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="USOpen06-2">[[SportsNet New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[US Open Nine-ball Championship]] (aired November 29, 2007). [[John Schmidt (pool player)|John Schmidt]] vs. [[Tyler Eddy]]. In-context commentary by pool pro [[Danny DiLiberto]]. "[John] Schmidt unbelievably dogs a straight in eight ball."</ref>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|choke}}, {{glossary link internal|one-stroke}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|slop}} shot'' (chiefly Southern US, colloquial). }}
 
{{term| dots }}
{{defn|1= In chiefly UK parlance, the non-striped ball {{glossary link internal|group}} of a fifteen ball set that are numbered 1 through 7 and have a solid color scheme. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|solids}}, {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}, {{glossary link internal|low}}, {{glossary link internal|small}}, {{glossary link internal|little}}, {{glossary link internal|spots}}, {{glossary link internal|unders}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|stripes}}.'' }}
 
{{term| double }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|kick shot}}'' (chiefly British). }}
 
{{term|term= double century |content=double century {{anchor|double-century break|double century break|double-century break}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''double-century break'''.''
In [[English billiards]], a {{glossary link internal|break}} of 200–299 {{glossary link internal|point|points}} (i.e. double a {{glossary link internal|century}}).<ref name="TNQ2">{{cite web
|title=Geet Sethi crowned World Billiards Champion for the 8th Time!
|url= http://www.tnq.in/GS_newstory.html
|work=TNQ.in
|publisher=TNQ Sponsorship (India) Pvt. Ltd.
|year=2006
|accessdate=2007-11-30
}} Establishes usage.</ref> Larger multi-centuries are regularly achieved.  Rare in amateur play, triple centuries are routine, and quadruples not uncommon at [[World Professional Billiards Championship]]s; 2007 winner [[Mike Russell (billiards player)|Mike Russell]] shot four triples in the final round alone, while of sixteen competitors, three shot quadruple centuries (one once, one twice, and Russell three times). ''Quintuple'' centuries are rare even at the professional level, with only the 494 shot by nine-time World Champion Russell (who has more such titles than any other player in history as of 2007) coming close in that event.<ref name="EABA1">{{cite web
|title=2007 World Professional Billiards Championship
|pages="Tournaments" section
|work=EABAonline
|url= http://www.eaba.co.uk/tournaments/2006-07/worldProfessional2007.html
|publisher=English Amateur Billiards Association
|year=2007
|accessdate=2007-12-01
}}</ref> As of 2007, Peter Gilchrist held the world record, at a ''[[Numerical prefix|tredectuple]]'' century (and then some) of 1346 consecutive points.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sethi's world record billiards break surpassed by Gilchrist|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_sethi-s-world-record-billiards-break-surpassed-by-gilchrist_1125888|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=October 6, 2007|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> }}
 
{{term| double cheeseburger, the }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|hill-hill|hill, hill}}.'' }}
 
{{term| double-elimination }}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Double elimination tournament}}
<span id="Double elimination"/><!--Old heading title; may be linked-to from somewhere.-->''Also '''double elimination'''.''
A tournament format in which a player must lose two {{glossary link internal|match|matches}} in order to be eliminated.<ref name="BCA"/>  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|single-elimination}}.'' }}
 
{{term| double hit }}
{{defn|1= An illegal shot ({{glossary link internal|foul}}) in which the [[cue stick]]'s {{glossary link internal|tip}} contacts the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} twice during a single {{glossary link internal|stroke}}. Double hits often occur when a player shoots the cue ball when it is very close to an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} or {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, because it is difficult to move the cue stick away quickly enough after the cue ball rebounds from the cushion or object ball.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| double kiss }}
{{defn|1= A situation in which a ball strikes another ball which is close to a rail and the struck ball rebounds back into the ball it was hit by; usually but not always unintended.<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="USOpen06-2"/> }}
 
{{term| double shimmed }}
{{defn|1= A pool table where two [[shim (engineering)|shims]] have been placed on the sides of each pocket (in the {{glossary link internal|jaws}} beneath the cloth), making the pockets "tighter" (smaller). Such tables are "tougher" than unshimmed or single-shimmed tables. }}
 
{{term| double the rail }}
{{defn|1= ''Sometimes called a '''snake shot'''.'' A carom billiards shot, common in [[three-cushion billiards]], where the cue ball is shot with {{glossary link internal|reverse english|reverse {{typo|english}}}} at a relatively shallow angle down the rail, and spins backwards off the adjacent rail back into the first rail.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| double the pocket }}
{{defn|1= To intentionally rebound the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} off both of the {{glossary link internal|pocket}} {{glossary link internal|point|points}} to achieve {{glossary link internal|position}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| doubles }}
{{defn|1= A form of team play in which two players compete against another team of two players in any given {{glossary link internal|frame}} or {{glossary link internal|match}}. In a doubles game, the first player from the breaking team is the only one who shoots during the opening {{glossary link internal|inning}}, with control of the table passing to a member of the opposing team at the end of that inning, then upon the end of the opponent's inning to the doubles partner of the original player, and next to the second opponent, play proceeding in this doubly alternating manner until concluded. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|scotch doubles|Scotch doubles}}.'' }}
 
{{term| down-table }}
{{defn|1= Toward the {{glossary link internal|foot}} of the [[Billiard table|table]]. }}
 
{{term|term= down-trou |content=down-trou {{anchor|downtrou|down trou}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''downtrou'''.''
New Zealand: A traditional informal ({{glossary link internal|bar pool|pub pool}} and university student) rule, in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] and [[eight-ball]] is the "down-[[Trousers|trou]]" requirement:  One who loses without pocketing any of one's own {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} is expected to honor this humiliation by dropping one's pants.<ref name="Stickmen1">{{cite video
| people    = Scott Wills speaking as the character Wayne; Kirk Torrance as character Holden; Hamish Rothwell, director
| date      = 2001
| title      = [[Stickmen (film)|Stickmen]]
| medium    = DVD
| publisher  = Monarch
| location  = New Zealand
| time      = 1:08:58, beginning of Wayne's run-out off the break; 1:10:54, conclusion of perfect run-out without opponent, Caller, ever getting a chance to shoot or Wayne accidentally pocketing any of Caller's balls; 1:11:10, Wayne calls his ''defeat'' of Caller "a down-trou"; 1:12:20, Holden demands a down-trou after a Wayne/Caller fight over the matter is broken up, using the noun "down-trou" to refer to the ''act'' of dropping one's pants
}}</ref>{{Clarify|date=January 2009}}<!--Does it also apply to being run out on in nine-ball, etc.?  Also, is this used as a verb - "I'm gonna down-trou you"? (If so, need source saying so.) --> ''(See also {{glossary link internal|pantsed}}.)'' }}
 
{{term| drag shot }}
{{defn|1= A shot played slowly and with heavy {{glossary link internal|draw}} and {{glossary link internal|follow-through}} so that the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} can be struck firmly but with a lot of the pace taken out, allowing more control than just a gentle tap that would travel as far. Also called "Drag Draw". }}
 
{{term| draw }}
{{defn|1= Also known as {{glossary link internal|back spin}}, a type of spin applied to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} by hitting it below its {{glossary link internal|equator}}, causing it to spin backwards even as it slides forward on the cloth. Back spin slows the cue ball down, reduces its travel, and narrows both the {{glossary link internal|carom|carom angle}} after contact with an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, and {{glossary link internal|angle of reflection}} off a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}. There are several variant terms for this, including "bottom" and "bottom spin" in the US and "screw" in the UK. Draw is thought to be the first spin technique understood by billiards players prior to the introduction of leather tips, and was in use by the 1790s.<ref name="TIEOB"/>  ''See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term| draw shot }}
{{defn|1= A shot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is struck below its equator with sufficient {{glossary link internal|draw}} to make it reverse direction at the moment of contact with an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} because it is still {{glossary link internal|back spin|back-spinning}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/> When the object and cue balls are lined up square, the reversal will be directly backwards, while on a cut shot, the effect will alter the {{glossary link internal|carom}} angle. It can also refer to any shot to which draw is applied, as in "draw it off the foot rail just to the left of the center diamond".  ''See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term| drill }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A set practice routine; }}
{{defn|no=2|1=To beat badly; "I drilled my opponent." }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In British terminology, a {{glossary link internal|bank shot}}. }}
 
{{term| drop pockets }}
{{defn|1= Netted or cupped pockets that do not return the balls to the foot end of the table by means of a gutter system or sloped surface beneath (they must instead be retrieved manually).<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| duck }}
{{defn|no=1|1=(Noun): Derived from "sitting duck", usually referring to an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} sitting close to a {{glossary link internal|pocket}} or so positioned that is virtually impossible to miss. ''Same as {{glossary link internal|hanger}} (US, colloquial), {{glossary link internal|sitter}} (UK).'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=(Verb): To intentionally play a {{glossary link internal|safety}}. }}
 
{{term| dump }}
{{defn|1= To intentionally lose a game, e.g. to disguise one's actual playing ability.<ref name="tcom">''[[The Color of Money (film)|The Color of Money]]'' (film), [[Richard Price (writer)|Richard Price]] (screenplay, based on [[The Color of Money (novel)|the novel]] by [[Walter Tevis]]), [[Martin Scorsese]] (director), [[1986 in film|1986]]; uses a lot of pool terminology in-context.</ref> An extreme form of {{glossary link internal|sandbag|sandbagging}}. ''See also {{glossary link internal|hustle}}.''  ''See also [[Match fixing]] for the synonym "tank", used in sports more generally.'' }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==E==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= 8 ball |content=8 ball {{anchor|8-ball|eight-ball|eightball|eight ball|the 8|8, the}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''the 8'''.''
The {{glossary link internal|money ball}} ({{glossary link internal|game ball}} or {{glossary link internal|frame ball}}) in a game of [[eight-ball]]. It is the last ball that must be {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}}, after the {{glossary link internal|suit}} of seven {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} belonging to the player shooting for the 8 (pocketing the 8 ball early is a loss of game—unless done {{glossary link internal|on the break}}, in most rules variants). It is usually black in colour with the numeral "8" in a white circle. In other games, such as [[nine-ball]] and [[straight pool]], the 8 is simply an object ball. Due to its coloring and regular use as a money ball, it is [[Eight ball (disambiguation)|commonly used as a symbol in popular culture]]. }}
 
{{term| end rail }}
{{defn|1= Either of the two shorter {{glossary link internal|rail|rails}} of a billiards or pocket billiards table. }}
 
{{term| english }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' Also known as {{glossary link internal|side spin}}, {{typo|english}} (which is usually not capitalized)<ref name="Lassiter 1965">{{cite book
|first1=Luther
|last2=Lassiter
|authorlink=Luther Lassiter
|first2=George
|last2=Sullivan
|title=Billiards for Everyone
|location=[[New York]]
|publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]]
|page=35
|year=1965}}</ref> is {{glossary link internal|spin}} placed on the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} when hit with the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}} to the left or right of the ball's center. English has a marked effect on {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} rebound angle off {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} (though not off {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}}), and is thus crucial for gaining {{glossary link internal|shape}}; and can be used to "{{glossary link internal|throw}}" an object ball slightly off its otherwise expected trajectory, to {{glossary link internal|cheat the pocket}}, and for other effects. "English" is sometimes used more inclusively, to colloquially also refer to {{glossary link internal|follow}} and {{glossary link internal|draw}}.  In combination one could say bottom-right english, or like the face of a clock (4 o'clock english).<ref name="BCA"/> The British and Irish do not use this term, instead preferring "{{glossary link internal|side}}".  ''See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term| equator }}
{{defn|1= The horizontal plane directly in the center of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, which when hit exactly by the {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} should impart no {{glossary link internal|follow}} or {{glossary link internal|draw}}. }}
 
{{term| escape }}
{{defn|1= A successful attempt to get out of a {{glossary link internal|snooker}}. }}
 
{{term| extension }}
[[File:Snooker cue and extensions.png|thumb|right|200px|Snooker cue with two attachable extensions]]
{{defn|no=1|1=Any mechanical aid that serves to extend the length of the player's [[Cue stick|cue]], normally added to the end of the {{glossary link internal|butt}} either by clipping around the end or screwing into the base. Though extensions are used for pool, it is more common in snooker because of the significantly larger table size. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In a tournament where players get limited time to make their shots (common in televised matches), an extension is extra time granted before making a shot; players have a limited number of extensions in each {{glossary link internal|frame}}. }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==F==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= face |content=face {{anchor|faces|cushion face|rail face|face of the cushion|face of the rail}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''cushion face'''.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}}
The protrusion of the playing edge of the {{glossary link internal|cushion}} from the {{glossary link internal|rail}} over the {{glossary link internal|bed}} of the table.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9<!--Illustrates usage; doesn't provide a written definition.-->}}  The furthest-protruding point of the face is known as the {{glossary link internal|nose}} of the cushion. The {{glossary link internal|playing area}} of the table is the space between the faces (technically, the noses) of the cushions.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} }}
 
{{term| fall }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Verb, passive, intransitive: For a ball to be pocketed. "The 8 ball fell early, so the game was over quickly." }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Noun: The curved edge cut into the table {{glossary link internal|bed}} at which the hole of the {{glossary link internal|pocket}} actually begins inside the pocket {{glossary link internal|jaws}}.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|4}} The fall may be a sheer drop, as on tournament-standard [[snooker]] tables, or have a beveled, down-sloping rim, as on [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] tables. A ball is, of course, much more likely to {{glossary link internal|hang}} when there is no bevel.  How far into the pocket the fall begins is one factor that determines "{{glossary link internal|pocket speed}}" or difficulty. }}
 
{{term| fast }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Describes a [[billiard table]] with tightly woven and broken-in (but clean) {{glossary link internal|cloth}} ([[baize]]), upon which the balls move<!--"Move" is used here on purpose, as it applies to sliding as well as rolling action.--> quicker and farther.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} ''See {{glossary link internal|table speed}} for more information.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Producing lively action; said of {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} or of the balls, in addition to the above, cloth-related definition.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|96}} }}
{{defn|no=3|1=Unusually accepting of balls; said of [[Pocket (billiards)|pockets]]; ''see {{glossary link internal|pocket speed}} (sense 1) for more information''.
"{{glossary link internal|slow|Slow}}" is the direct opposite of "fast" in all of these usages. }}
 
{{term| fat }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|undercut}}.'' }}
 
{{term| fault }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|foul}}'' (chiefly British, and declining in usage; even the WPA and WEFP [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] rules use "foul"). }}
 
{{term|term= feather |content=feather {{anchor|feathers|feathered|feathering|feather shot|feather-shot|feathershot}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''feather shot'''.''
A very thin {{glossary link internal|cut shot}} in which the cue ball just brushes the edge of an object ball. "Feather" by itself can be both noun and verb (e.g. "feathering the ball").<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|238}}<ref name="BCA"/> ''See also {{glossary link internal|snick}}.'' }}
 
{{term| felt }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cloth}}'' (deprecated; it is factually incorrect, as [[felt]] is a completely different kind of cloth from [[baize]]). }}
 
{{term| ferrule }}
{{defn|1= A sleeve, permanently fitted onto the [[lathe]]d-down tip end of the [[Cue stick|cue]], made from [[fiberglass]], [[phenolic resin]], [[brass]], [[ivory]], [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]] or [[antler]], [[melamine]], [[plastic]], or other rigid material, upon which the {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} is mounted and which protects the {{glossary link internal|shaft}} wood from splitting due to impact with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| firewood }}
{{defn|1= Common slang in the U.S. for a cheap, poorly made cue. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|wood}}.'' }}
 
{{term| fish }}
{{defn|no=1|1=An easy {{glossary link internal|mark}}; }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A person who loses money gambling and keeps coming back for more; }}
{{defn|no=3|1=Sometimes, a poor player; }}
{{defn|no=4|1=As a verb, either to hit the balls hard with no intention in mind other than to get lucky and perhaps scatter the balls a bit more ("hit-and-hope"), or to shoot hard at the {{glossary link internal|money ball}} ball with the same intention ("smash-and-pray").  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|slop}} and {{glossary link internal|fluke}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|mark}} (sense 3) and {{glossary link internal|call}}.'' }}
 
{{term| flagrant foul }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|foul}} where the rules are blatantly, intentionally violated; in contexts in which this qualifies as [[unsportsmanlike conduct]], a stiffer penalty may apply (e.g. loss of {{glossary link internal|frame}}) than normal for a foul. }}
 
{{term| flat-back pack }}
{{defn|1= In snooker, a situation during a {{glossary link internal|frame}} in which the first line of the remaining {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}} grouped together, where the original {{glossary link internal|pack}} was, are in a straight horizontal line. This has implications when opening the pack, as a {{cuegloss|full-ball}} contact off the top cushion will usually cause the cue-ball to stick to the red and fail to develop a potting opportunity. }}
 
{{term| fluke }}
{{defn|1= A shot that has an ostensibly positive outcome for the player, although it was not what the player intended. Examples of flukes include an unexpected {{glossary link internal|pot}} off several {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} or other balls having missed the pocket aimed for, or a lucky {{glossary link internal|safety}} position after having missed a shot.  Many players are apologetic after a fluke, and in most games such an accident is a loss of turn. Some rule sets (most notably those of [[nine-ball]] and related games generally, and the [[eight-ball]] rules of the [[American Poolplayers Association]] and its affiliates) count flukes as valid, point-making shots.  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|fish}} and {{glossary link internal|slop}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|mark}} (sense 3) and {{glossary link internal|call}}.'' }}
 
{{term| follow }}
{{defn|1= The forward rotation of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} that results from a {{glossary link internal|follow shot}}. Also known as '''{{glossary link internal|top spin}}''' or '''top''', follow is applied to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} by hitting it above its {{glossary link internal|equator}}, causing it to spin more rapidly in the direction of travel than it would simply by rolling on the cloth from a center-ball hit. Follow speeds the cue ball up, and widens both the {{glossary link internal|carom|carom angle}} after contact with an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, and {{glossary link internal|angle of reflection}} off a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}.  ''See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term| follow shot }}
{{defn|1= A shot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is struck above its equator with sufficient {{glossary link internal|top spin}} to cause the cue ball to travel forward after it contacts an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}. When a cue ball with follow on it contacts an object ball squarely (a center-to-center hit), the cue ball travels directly forward through the space previously occupied by the object ball (and can sometimes even be used to pocket a second ball). By contrast, on a cut shot, a cue ball with follow on it will first travel on the {{glossary link internal|tangent line}} after striking the object ball, and then arc forward, widening the {{glossary link internal|carom}} angle.<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term| follow-through }}
{{defn|1= On a shot, the extension of the [[cue stick]] through the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} position during the end of a player's stroke in the direction originally aimed.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| foot }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] in which the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} are {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}} (in games in which racked balls are used). This usage is conceptually opposite that in British English, where this end of the table is called the {{glossary link internal|top}}.  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|head}}.'' }}
 
{{term| foot cushion }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{glossary link internal|cushion}} on the {{glossary link internal|foot rail}}. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|top cushion}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|head cushion}}.'' }}
 
{{term| foot rail }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{glossary link internal|short rail}} at the {{glossary link internal|foot}} of the [[Billiard table|table]].  Frequently used imprecisely, to mean {{glossary link internal|foot cushion}}.  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|top rail}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|head rail}}.'' }}
 
{{term| foot spot }}
{{defn|1= The point on the table surface over which the apex ball of a rack is centered (in most games). It is the point half the distance between the {{glossary link internal|long rail|long rails}}' second diamonds from the end of the racking end of the table. The foot spot is the intersection of the {{glossary link internal|foot string}} and the {{glossary link internal|long string}}, and is typically marked with a cloth or paper decal on pool tables.<ref name="BCA"/>  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|head spot}}.'' }}
 
{{term| foot string }}
{{defn|1= An imaginary line running horizontally across a billiards table from the second diamond (from the foot end of the table) on one long rail to the corresponding second diamond on the other long rail. The foot string intersects the {{glossary link internal|long string}} at the {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}. It is rarely drawn on the table.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| forced shot }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cheat the pocket|cheating the pocket}}.'' Principally used in [[snooker]]. }}
 
{{term| force follow }}
{{defn|1= A powerful {{glossary link internal|follow shot}} with a high degree of {{glossary link internal|top spin}} on it; usually when the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} being hit is relatively close to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} and is being hit very full;<ref name="BCA"/>  also known as "prograde top spin" or "prograde follow" (when referring to the action on the shot rather than the shot ''per se''), and as a "jenny" in Australia. }}
 
{{term| forward spin }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|follow}} ({{glossary link internal|top spin}}).'' }}
 
{{term| foul }}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Sometimes interchangeable with {{glossary link internal|scratch}}, though the latter is often used only to refer to the foul of pocketing the cue ball.}}
A violation of a particular game's rules for which a set penalty is imposed. In many pool games the penalty for a foul is ball-in-hand anywhere on the table for the opponent. In some games such as straight pool, a foul results in a loss of one or more points. In one-pocket, in which a set number of balls must be made in a specific pocket, upon a foul the player must return a ball to the table. In some games, three successive fouls in a row is a loss of game. In straight pool, a third successive foul results in a loss of 16 points (15 plus one for the foul).<ref name="BCA"/>
 
Possible foul situations (non-exhaustive):
{{ubl|style=margin-left:0.5em
|{{libull|1=The player shoots the cue ball first into a ball that is not an object ball;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player shoots and after contacting an object ball, no ball is pocketed and neither the cue ball nor a numbered ball contacts a cushion (excepting {{glossary link internal|push or push out|push out}} rules);<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player pockets the cue ball ''(see {{glossary link internal|scratch}})'';<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player does not have at least one foot on the floor at the moment of shooting;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player shoots the cue ball before all other balls have come to a complete stop;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player hits the cue ball more than once during a shot (a {{glossary link internal|double hit}});<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player touches the cue ball with something other than the tip of the cue;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player touches any ball other than the cue ball;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player causes a ball to leave the table's playing surface without it returning (e.g., jumping a ball off the table);<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player marks the table in any manner to aid in aiming;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player who has ball-in-hand, touches an object ball with the cue ball while attempting to place the cue ball on the table;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player shoots in such a manner that his cue tip stays in contact with the cue ball for more than the momentary time commensurate with a stroked shot (a {{glossary link internal|push shot}}).<ref name="BCA"/>}}
}} }}
 
{{term| frame }}
{{defn|1= A term especially used in [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]<ref name="WEPFRules"/> but also in the US for each {{glossary link internal|rack}} from the {{glossary link internal|break}} off until a {{glossary link internal|clearance}}, losing foul or concession has been made. A {{glossary link internal|match}} is made up of several frames.  ''See also {{glossary link internal|game}} (sense 1), which has a slightly broader meaning.'' }}
 
{{term| frame ball }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|game ball}}'' (chiefly in [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]). The term is sometimes used figuratively, to refer to the last difficult shot required to win. }}
 
{{term|term= free ball |content=free ball {{anchor|free balls|free shot|free shots|free-ball|freeball|free-shot|freeshot}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''free shot'''.''
[[File:Snooker Freeball.png|thumb|right|200px|Freeball situation. Red is snookered, Blue can be called.]]
A situation where a player has {{glossary link internal|foul|fouled}}, leaving the opponent {{glossary link internal|snooker|snookered}}. In [[Eight-ball#UK|UK eight-ball]] this would normally give the opponent the option of one of two plays: (1) {{glossary link internal|ball-in-hand}} with {{glossary link internal|two shots}}; (2) being allowed to contact, or even {{glossary link internal|pot}}, a ball other than one from his/her set from the snookered position (although the black may not be potted), with the loss of the first shot.  In addition, some variations of the game allow the player to pot one of the opposition's balls, on the first visit only, without the loss of a "free shot".
 
In [[snooker]] it allows a player to call any ball as the ball she/he would have wanted to play, potting it for the same number of points, or the opponent can be put back in without the same privilege, having to play the ball snookered on. The definition of ''snooker'' on this occasion means the opponent cannot strike both extreme edges of the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} (or a cluster of touching balls).<!-- Not sure this agrees with what is said at [[#two shots]] and [[#two-shot carry]]. --> }}
 
{{term| free stroking }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Pocketing well and quickly but without much thought for position play. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Playing loose and carefree. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|dead stroke}}.'' }}
 
{{term| freeze up }}
{{defn|1= To dedicate a set amount of money that a gambling match will be played to; no one may quit until one player or the other has won the "frozen up" funds. }}
 
{{term| frozen }}
{{defn|1= A resting ball that is in actual contact with one or more balls or with a rail is "frozen" (or, colloquially, "froze") to the touching ball(s) or rail.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|239}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''(For '''frozen combination/combo''', '''frozen kiss''', etc., see the more common variants under {{glossary link internal|dead}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= full |content=full {{anchor|full-ball|full ball|fullball|fuller|fullest}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''full-ball'''.''
A type of {{glossary link internal|contact}} between two balls from which no or little angle is created between their paths; the contact required to {{glossary link internal|pot}} a straight shot. It is commonly used in reference to how much of an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} a player can see with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}: "Can you hit that full?". }}
 
{{term| fundamentals }}
{{defn|1= The basic actions necessary to shoot well—{{glossary link internal|stance}}, grip, {{glossary link internal|stroke}}, {{glossary link internal|bridge}}, {{glossary link internal|follow-through}} and {{glossary link internal|pre-shot routine}}. }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==G==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| game }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Play, from the opening {{glossary link internal|break|break shot}} until one player has won (or the game has been halted for some reason by a referee). Games are the units that make up {{glossary link internal|match|matches}}, {{glossary link internal|race|races}} (in some senses of that term) and {{glossary link internal|round|rounds}}. ''Essentially the same as {{glossary link internal|frame}}, except with regards to straight pool, which is a multi-{{glossary link internal|rack}} game.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=An identifiable, codifiable set of rules. [[Pocket billiards|pool]] is not a game, but a class of games. [[Nine-ball]] is a game. }}
{{defn|no=3|1= ''Note: There are also slang usages, such as "to have game" (to be a good player, as in "he['s] got game") and "to be game" (to be willing to play or to gamble, as in "yeah, I'm game, so let's see what you've got"). But these usages are not particular to cue sports.'' }}
 
{{term| game ball }}
{{defn|1= The ball required to win the {{glossary link internal|rack}}. In [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] it is called the {{glossary link internal|frame ball}}. ''See also {{glossary link internal|money ball}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| games on the wire }}
{{defn|1= To give a {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicap}} to an opponent where they have to win a specified number fewer games than the other player in order to triumph in the {{glossary link internal|match}}.<ref name="Dummies">{{cite book|last=Leider|first=Nicholas|title=Pool and Billiards For Dummies|publisher=Wiley|location=Hoboken, N.J.|year=2010|isbn=978-0-470-56553-7|url=http://books.google.com/?id=OVNZMylSVkwC&pg=PA292&dq=%22on+the+wire%22+billiards&q=on%20the%20wire|accessdate=April 3, 2010}}</ref>{{Rp|281, 292}} The name refers to posting games on the scorekeeping mechanism known as a {{glossary link internal|wire}} or {{glossary link internal|scoring string}}, though the phrase may still be employed when no actual use of the particular device is available or intended. }}
 
{{term| gapper }}
{{defn|1= An agreement between two players in a tournament, one of whom will advance to a guaranteed money prize if the match is won, to give a certain percentage of that money to the loser of the match.  Also known as a {{glossary link internal|saver}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| gather shot }}
{{defn|1= In the carom games, any shot where the end result is all the balls near each other; ideally, in position for the start of a {{glossary link internal|nurse}} on the next stroke.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| general average }}
{{defn|1= Abr. = GA, term from carom billiards. The number indicates the overall relation between the points and innings (points ÷ innings = GA) a player has made throughout the whole tournament. E. g. 125 points in 56 innings is a GA of 2.232, Higher numbers indicate better players }}
 
{{term|term= gentlemen's call |content=gentlemen's call {{anchor|gentleman's call}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''gentleman's call'''.''
An informal approach to the "call-everything" variation of {{glossary link internal|call-shot}}, common in {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}.  Obvious shots, such as a straight-on or near-straight shot for which the shooter is clearly aiming and which could not be mistaken for another shot, need not be called.  {{glossary link internal|bank shot|Bank shots}}, {{glossary link internal|kick|kicks}}, {{glossary link internal|carom|caroms}} and {{glossary link internal|combination shot|combinations}} are usually less obvious and generally must be called, though this may depend upon the mutual skill level and shot selection perception of the players.  An opponent has the right to ask what the shooter's intention is, if this is unclear. }}
 
{{term| ghost ball }}
{{defn|1= A common aiming method in which a phantom ball is imagined frozen to the object ball at the point where an imaginary line drawn between their centers is aimed at the desired target; the cue ball may then be shot at the center of the "ghost" ball and, ideally, impact the object ball at the proper aiming contact point.<ref name="Brandt"/> The ghost ball method of aiming results in misses where adjustment is not made for {{glossary link internal|collision-induced throw|collision induced throw}}. }}
 
{{term| go off }}
{{defn|1= Describes the propensity of a player losing small sums of money at gambling to suddenly sharply increase the stakes; often continuing to lose until broke. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|chasing one's money|Chasing one's money}}.'' }}
 
{{term| golden break }}
{{defn|1= (Chiefly British.) In [[nine-ball]] a {{glossary link internal|break}} shot that pots the {{glossary link internal|9 ball|9 ball}} without {{glossary link internal|foul|fouling}}, in which case the player wins in one shot. ''See also {{glossary link internal|on the snap}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= goose neck |content=goose neck {{anchor|gooseneck|goose-neck|goose neck rest|gooseneck rest|goose-neck rest|goose-neck bridge|gooseneck bridge|goose neck bridge|goose neck, the|the goose neck}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''goose-neck rest'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|swan}}.'' }}
 
{{term| grapefruit }}
{{defn|1= Colloquial term for an unusually large, heavy {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} made of the same [[phenolic resin]] or other modern, resilient plastic as the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}}. "Grapefruit" cue balls are frequently found on older coin-operated {{glossary link internal|bar table|bar tables}} that do not have magnetic {{glossary link internal|ball return|ball-return}} mechanisms. As with excessively dense, ceramic "{{glossary link internal|rock}}" cue balls, the ball return works because the cue ball is considerably heavier than, and thereby distinguishable from, the object balls. Unlike "rocks", grapefruit balls are not prone to excessive equipment wear and tear.  But because of their unusually large size, they have a very strong affect on the {{glossary link internal|tangent line}} and thus on the accuracy of {{glossary link internal|cut|cut shots}}. Their weight also has a notable effect on play, as they are somewhat more difficult to {{glossary link internal|draw}} ({{glossary link internal|screw}}), {{glossary link internal|stop shot|stop}} and {{glossary link internal|stun}} compared to standard and {{glossary link internal|magnetic cue ball|magnetic cue balls}}, but not to the extent of the much less resilient rock balls. Like rocks, grapefruits do generate a large amount of {{glossary link internal|smash-through}}. }}
 
{{term| green }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Nearly table-length distance between the cue ball and target object ball, or between an object ball and target pocket, i.e. a potentially difficult shot due to distance ("you sure left me a lot of green on that one") }}
{{defn|no=2|1=The {{glossary link internal|cloth}} covering the table ("oh no, you just ripped the green") }}
{{defn|no=3|1=The {{glossary link internal|green ball}} ("that was a great shot on the green") }}
{{defn|no=4|1=Money ("I won a lot of green last night from that wannabe hustler") }}
 
{{term|term= green ball |content=green ball {{anchor|green balls|green-ball|greenball|the green|green, the|green|greens}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''the green'''.''
In [[snooker]], the {{glossary link internal|colour ball}} that is worth three points, being the second-least valuable colour behind the {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellow}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|116}} It is one of the {{glossary link internal|baulk colour|baulk colours}}, and is placed on the {{glossary link internal|green spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|116}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}}  In some (especially American) snooker ball sets it is numbered "3" on its surface. }}
 
{{term| green spot }}
{{defn|1= The {{glossary link internal|spot}} (usually not specially marked because it is obvious) on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{glossary link internal|green ball}} is placed.  Regardless of table size, it is the intersection of {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}} and the {{glossary link internal|baulk line|balk line}} on the {{glossary link internal|break|breaker's}} left side.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|116}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}}. The left-to-right order of the green, {{glossary link internal|brown ball|brown}} and {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellow balls}} is the subject of the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} }}
 
{{term| green pocket }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], the {{glossary link internal|corner pocket}} that is closest to the {{glossary link internal|green spot}}. }}
 
{{term| grip }}
{{defn|no=1|1=The way in which a player holds the {{glossary link internal|butt}} end of the cue stick.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=The wrap of the cuestick where the hand is placed, also known as the "grip area."<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| group }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|suit}}'', predominantly in British terminology, i.e., in [[eight-ball]] either of the set of seven balls ({{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}} or {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellows}}) that must be cleared before {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} {{glossary link internal|black ball|the black}}. Generally used in the generic, especially in rulesets or articles, rather than colloquially by players.<ref name="WEPFRules">[http://www.wepf.org/WEPF%20Rules%202009%20poster.pdf World Eight-ball Pool Federation Eight-ball Rules], 2004, Perth, WA, Australia – These are also the rules of the English Pool Association and other national WEPF affiliates.</ref> }}
 
{{term| gully table }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A table with a {{glossary link internal|ball return}} system, as opposed to a {{glossary link internal|drop pockets|drop pocket}} table.<ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|39}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Also '''gutter table'''.''  ''Same as {{glossary link internal|bar table}}.''<!-- really? -->}}
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==H==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| half-ball hit }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Billiards half-ball striking diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|Half-ball striking]]A shot aimed so that the center of the cue ball is in line with the edge of the object ball, eclipsing half of the ball. "Hit it just a little thinner than half-ball." Assuming a {{glossary link internal|cling}} does not occur, the shot will impart post-contact momentum on the object ball in a direction 30° (which is <math>\arcsin(1-x)</math>, where <math>x</math> is the fraction of object ball eclipsed: {{frac|1|2}} in this case) off the direction of the cue-ball's pre-contact momentum. Also notable because the carom angle the cue ball takes is more consistent than at other contact points. }}
 
{{term| half-century }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]] and other British usages, a {{glossary link internal|break}} of 50–99 points (100 points or more being called a century), which involves {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} at least 12 consecutive balls (i.e. the last 3 reds with at least 2 blacks and a pink, followed by all the colours). }}
 
{{term|term= hand chalk |content=hand chalk {{anchor|hand-chalk}}}}
{{defn|1= A misnomer for hand {{glossary link internal|talc}}. }}
 
{{term|term= handicapping |content=handicapping {{anchor|handicap|handicaps|handicapped}}}}
{{defn|1= Modification of the rules and/or scoring of a game to enable players of variable abilities to compete on a more even playing field.<ref name="BCA"/> Examples of handicapping include {{glossary link internal|spot (verb)|spotting balls}} and giving {{glossary link internal|games on the wire}} to an opponent. In league play, common forms of handicapping include awarding compensating {{glossary link internal|point|points}} to a lesser-skilled team, or using numerical player ranking systems to adjust final scores between opponents of different skill levels. A player's '''handicap''' is such a numerical rank. ''See [[Handicapping]] main article for more general information on sports handicapping.'' }}
 
{{term|term= hang |content=hang {{anchor|hung|hanging|hanged|hangs}}}}
{{defn|1= {{anchor|Hanging in the pocket|reason=Old section name, surely linked to somewere.}}
Said of a ball, to come to rest partially over the edge of a {{glossary link internal|pocket}}'s {{glossary link internal|fall}} but still resting on the table {{glossary link internal|bed}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}}  Because of ball curvature, if the very bottom of the ball is not over the sharp rim or beveled slope (depending on table type) of the pocket's fall, the ball will not drop into the pocket. As much as approximately 49% of a ball's diameter can be hanging over the sharp drop of a standard snooker table fall, but considerably less on a typical pool table, with beveled falls.<!--This is basic physics and geometry logic, requiring no citation.-->  A ball '''hanging''' in the pocket – a "{{glossary link internal|hanger}}" – is nearly unmissable<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}} (though {{glossary link internal|foul|fouling}} by {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratching}} the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} into the pocket right after the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} is a common mistake. Can be used in a transitive sense in reference to player action: "You hung that one right on the edge". }}
 
{{term| hanger }}
{{defn|no=1|1=An easily shot {{glossary link internal|object ball}} that is "{{glossary link internal|hang|hanging}}" in the {{glossary link internal|pocket}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=By extension, any extremely easy shot, even in [[carom billiards]] which has no pockets.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}} }}
 
{{term| have the nuts }}
{{defn|1= Be in a game where either because of disparity in skill level, or because of a {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicap}} given, it would be very difficult to lose. }}
 
{{term| having the cue ball on a string }}
{{defn|1= Used when describing perfect cue ball {{glossary link internal|position play}}.<ref>[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2007 WPBA Great Lakes Classic, second semi-final. [[Helena Thornfeldt]] vs. [[Ga-Young Kim]] (May 13, 2007). In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro [[Dawn Hopkins]].</ref><ref>[[ESPN2]] broadcast of 2007 International Challenge of Champions, first semi-final (September 12, 2007). [[Thorsten Hohmann]] v. [[Niels Feijen]]. In-context commentary on rack 7 of second set by pool pro [[Allen Hopkins (pool player)|Allen Hopkins]]. "He's hitting everything like he's got the cue ball on a string."</ref> }}
 
{{term| hazard }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Literally, a {{glossary link internal|pocket}}, but generally used in the phrases {{glossary link internal|losing hazard}} – {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} ({{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketing}} the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} off another ball – and {{glossary link internal|winning hazard}} – using the cue ball to pot another ball – the two types of legal shots that pocket balls in games in which the term is used at all, which is very few today. The term principally survives in [[English billiards]], in which both types of shots are {{glossary link internal|point}}-scoring.  Formerly, a large number of different games made use of the two types of hazards as point scorers or losers in various ways (thus their suggestive names).  The term ultimately derives from holes or pockets in the table to be avoided, in very early forms of billiards.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121, 148, 275}}.  While the terms are disused in [[pocket billiards]] today, their lingering effect is obvious, as the vast bulk of such games focus on making winning hazards and avoiding losing hazards (a notable exception being [[Russian pyramid]] in which both are legal shots). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[golf billiards]], an area of the table (sometimes marked) that a player will be penalized for entering if their ball does not leave.  Derives from the use of the term in the outdoor game of [[golf]].<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|120}} }}
 
{{term| head }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] from which the {{glossary link internal|break|break shot}} is taken. This usage is conceptually opposite that in British English, where this end of the table is called the {{glossary link internal|bottom}}.  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|foot}}.''  ''See also {{glossary link internal|kitchen}}.'' }}
 
{{term| head cushion }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{glossary link internal|cushion}} on the {{glossary link internal|head rail}}. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|bottom cushion}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|foot cushion}}.'' }}
 
{{term| head rail }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{glossary link internal|short rail}} at the {{glossary link internal|head}} of the [[Billiard table|table]].  Traditionally this is the rail on which the table manufacturer's logo appears.  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|bottom rail}}, {{glossary link internal|baulk rail}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|foot rail}}.'' }}
 
{{term| head spot }}
{{defn|1= The intersection of the {{glossary link internal|head string}} and {{glossary link internal|long string}}, which is usually not marked on a table with a spot decal or other mark, unlike the {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}, though some [[pool hall]]s mark both spots so that racking can be done at either end of the table, and wear on {{glossary link internal|cloth|the cloth}} from racking and breaking is more evenly distributed.<ref name="BCA"/> ''Compare {{glossary link internal|baulk spot}}.'' }}
 
{{term| head string }}
{{defn|1= A line, sometimes imaginary (especially in American [[Pocket billiards|pool]]), sometimes drawn on the cloth, that runs horizontally across the table from the second {{glossary link internal|diamond}} (from the {{glossary link internal|head rail}}) on one {{glossary link internal|long rail}} to the corresponding second diamond on the other long rail.<ref name="BCA"/> In most pool games, the opening break shot must be performed with the center (base) of the cue ball behind the head string (i.e. between the head string and head rail). The head string intersects the {{glossary link internal|long string}} at the {{glossary link internal|head spot}}, and delimits the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}} (and, in European [[nine-ball]], the outer boundary of the {{glossary link internal|break box}}).  The head string's position is always determined by the diamonds, in contrast to the similar but different {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}, the position of which is determined by measurement from the {{glossary link internal|bottom cushion}} ({{glossary link internal|head cushion}}). }}
 
{{term| heads up }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|straight up}}.'' }}
 
{{term| heart }}
{{defn|1= The strength of a player's will to win; the ability to overcome pressure; "he showed a lot of heart in making that comeback." }}
 
{{term| high }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Also '''highs''', '''high balls''', '''high ones'''.'' In [[eight-ball]] and related games, to be shooting the striped {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of balls (9 through 15); "you're high balls" or "I've got the highs" ("you're high" is rare, because of the "intoxication" ambiguity). ''Compare {{glossary link internal|stripes}}, {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{glossary link internal|big|big ones}}, {{glossary link internal|overs}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|low}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=With {{glossary link internal|follow}}, as in "I shot that high left", meaning "I shot that with follow and with left {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}}". Derives from the fact that one must aim above the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}'s equator, i.e. "high" on the ball, to impart follow. "With" is optional (e.g. "I shot that with high left" or "I shot that high left"). ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|low}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In [[snooker]], same as "{{glossary link internal|above}}", as in "she'll want to finish high on the black to allow position on the red". }}
{{defn|no=4|1=With {{glossary link internal|run}} (UK: {{glossary link internal|break}}), a lengthy series of successful shots; ''see {{glossary link internal|high run}}, {{glossary link internal|high break}}''. }}
 
{{term|term= high break |content=high break {{anchor|high breaks|highest break}}}}
{{defn|1= UK: Essentially the same as {{glossary link internal|high run}}, but applied to [[snooker]] and by extension to pool, especially [[blackball (pool)|blackball and British eight-ball pool]]: A {{glossary link internal|break}} (series of successful {{glossary link internal|pot|pots}}) running into large numbers for that player's skill level. }}
 
{{term|term= high run |content=high run {{anchor|high-run|highrun|hi run|hi-run|hirun|high run}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also (rarely) '''high-run''', ''hi-run'', '''highrun''', etc.}}
A series of successful shots (a {{glossary link internal|run}}) that is lengthy for the player's skill level. The exact implication is dependent upon context, e.g. "my high run at [[three-cushion]] is 15", "Jones had the highest run of the tournament", "that was a pretty high run you just did", etc.  Used congratulatorily, it may be phrased "good run", "great run", "nice run", etc.  ''See also {{glossary link internal|high break}}.'' }}
 
{{term| hill }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|on the hill}}, {{glossary link internal|hill-hill}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= hill-hill |content=hill-hill {{anchor|hill/hill|hill, hill|hill–hill}}}}
{{defn|1= The point in {{glossary link internal|match}} play where both players (or teams) need only one more {{glossary link internal|game}} ({{glossary link internal|frame}}) victory to win the match or {{glossary link internal|race}}.<ref name="Paski">[[ESPN Classic]] broadcast of 1995 Gordon's 9-Ball Championship (August 14, 2007), second semi-final. ([[Loree Jon Jones]] vs. [[Gerda Hofstatter]]). Direct definition of "on the hill" for viewers and two in-context uses of "hill-hill" in commentary by pool pro [[Vicki Paski]].</ref><ref name="USOpen06">[[SportsNet New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[US Open Nine-ball Championship]] (aired October 19, 2007). [[Marcus Chamat]] vs. [[Ronato Alcano]]. In-context commentary by pool pros [[Danny DiLiberto]] and Jerry Forsyth.</ref> ''See also {{glossary link internal|on the hill}}, {{glossary link internal|rubber match}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= hit and hope}}
{{defn|1= A shot where the player is relying on luck for a favorable outcome, because no better shot exists.}}
 
{{term|term= ho |content=ho {{anchor|ho ball|ho balls}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''ho ball(s)'''.''
An exhortatory cry to a ball or balls to slow down or come to a stop, often made when overshooting position with the cue ball.<ref>[[ESPN Classic]] broadcast of 2002 BCA Open 9-ball Championship, final (May 16, 2002). [[Charles Williams (pool player)|Charlie Williams]] v. [[Tony Robles]]. In-context commentary on rack 8 by pool pro [[Mike Sigel]]. Rebroadcast and viewed March 27, 2009.</ref> }}
 
{{term|term= hold the spot |content=hold the spot {{anchor|hold the spot, to}}}}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], to leave the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} ball on the {{glossary link internal|spot}} of a {{glossary link internal|colour ball}} after {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} it. This is usually performed where {{glossary link internal|re-spot|re-spotting}} of the colour ball would cause {{glossary link internal|position|positional}} problems for the player, such as blocking available pots on one or more {{glossary link internal|red ball|red balls}}. }}
 
{{term|term= hook |content=hook {{anchor|hooks|hooked|hooking|to hook|hook, to|be hooked|to be hooked|hooked, to be}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|snooker}} (verb)''<ref name="USOpen06-3"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|hook rest}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= hook rest |content=hook rest {{anchor|hook rest|hook-rest|hook bridge|hook-bridge|hook, the|the hook}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''the hook'''.''
In [[snooker]], a type of {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge}} that has only recently<!--replace "recently" with date of endorsement; see [[WP:DATED]]--> been endorsed by the [[WPBSA]] to allow its use in major tournament play. It is a normal rest with the head in line with the {{glossary link internal|shaft}}, but the last foot or so of the shaft is curved. This allows players to position the curved end around an obstructing ball that would have otherwise left them {{glossary link internal|hampered}} on the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} and in need of a {{glossary link internal|spider}} or {{glossary link internal|swan}} with {{glossary link internal|extension|extensions}}, which would have less control. }}
 
{{term|term= horn |content=horn {{anchor|horns}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|knuckle}}.''  By analogy to [[Horn (anatomy)|animal horns]], not the [[Horn (instrument)|musical instruments]]. }}
 
{{term| house cue }}
{{defn|1= Usually a one-piece cue freely available for use by patrons in bars and pool halls. }}
 
{{term| house man }}
{{defn|1= A pool room employee who plays with a good degree of skill. }}
 
{{term| house rack }}
{{defn|1= A pejorative term for an improper rack in which the balls are not properly in contact with their neighbors, often resulting in a poor spread on the break. }}
 
{{term| house rules }}
{{defn|1= The rules played in a particular venue not necessarily in comportment with official rules, or with common local {{glossary link internal|bar pool}} custom. }}
 
{{term| hug the rail }}
{{defn|1= Describes a ball rolling along a rail in contact or near contact with it, or which makes multiple successive contacts with the rail.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|240}}  ''See {{glossary link internal|velcro}}.'' }}
 
{{term| hustle }}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Hustling}}
To play for money and lull a victim into thinking they can win, prompting them to accept higher and higher stakes, until beating them and walking off with more money than they would have been willing to bet had they been beaten soundly in the beginning. The terms '''hustler''', for one who hustles, and '''hustling''', describing the act, are just as common if not more so than this verb form. ''See also {{glossary link internal|sandbag}}, {{glossary link internal|on the lemonade}}, {{glossary link internal|lemonade stroke}}, {{glossary link internal|shark}}, {{glossary link internal|dump}}.'' }}
 
{{glossend}}
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==I==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| illegal }}
{{defn|1= As in many other sports, "illegal" means causing or likely to cause a {{glossary link internal|foul}} (the opposite being {{glossary link internal|legal}}). ''(See {{glossary link internal|legal}} for specific examples of usage.)'' }}
 
{{term| in-hand }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Shortening of {{glossary link internal|ball-in-hand}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In snooker, the ability to place the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} anywhere inside the boundaries of {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the D}}. This occurs at the start of a {{glossary link internal|frame}}, and after the cue ball has been {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}} or forced off the table. }}
 
{{term| inning }}
{{defn|1= A player's (or {{glossary link internal|doubles}} team's) turn at the table, usually ending with a failure to score a {{glossary link internal|point}} or to {{glossary link internal|pocket}} a ball, depending on the game, a {{glossary link internal|foul}}, a {{glossary link internal|safety}} or with a win.<ref name="BCA"/>  In some games, such as [[five-pins]] and [[killer (pool)|killer]], a player's inning is always limited to one shot, regardless of the intent and result of the shot. Usually synonymous with {{glossary link internal|visit}}, except in {{glossary link internal|scotch doubles}} format.  The term is sometimes used to mean both players'/teams' visits combined, e.g. when referring to which inning in which a memorable shot occurred. }}
 
{{term| in-off }}
{{defn|1= (Chiefly British.) In [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball/eight-ball pool]], an instance where the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} has been {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}} ({{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}}) after contacting an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}.  It is a {{glossary link internal|fault}} ({{glossary link internal|foul}}) in most games.<ref name="BCA"/>  There is no equivalent (current) American term for this specific means of pocketing the white ball. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|losing hazard}}, {{glossary link internal|scratch}}.'' }}
 
{{term| inside english }}
{{defn|1= (Chiefly U.S.) {{glossary link internal|side spin|Side spin}} ({{glossary link internal|english|{{sic|hide=y|eng|lish}}}}) placed on a same side of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} as the direction in which the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} is being {{glossary link internal|cut}} (left-hand {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} when cutting a ball to the left, and vice versa).<ref name="TIEOB"/> In addition to affecting cue ball position, inside {{sic|hide=y|eng|lish}} can increase {{glossary link internal|throw}}. }}
 
{{term| in sight }}
{{defn|1= (Chiefly British) Said of an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} that can easily be reached by the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, or of a pocket that can easily be reached by a selected object ball, usually directly (i.e. without intervening {{glossary link internal|kick}}, {{glossary link internal|bank shot|bank}}, {{glossary link internal|carom}}, {{glossary link internal|kiss}} or {{glossary link internal|combination}} shots).  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|see}}.'' }}
 
{{term| in stroke }}
{{defn|1= Cueing and timing the balls well; in good form, where {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketing}} ({{glossary link internal|pot|potting}}), {{glossary link internal|safety}} and clarity of thinking seem to come easily.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|241}} A player who had not been doing well but then suddenly picks up (as happens during the course of many matches) may be said to '''catch a stroke'''.{{clarify|date=October 2010|reason=Move this to its own entry.}} ''See also {{glossary link internal|stroke}}.'' }}
 
{{term| insurance ball }}
{{defn|1= A ball that is easily made from many positions on the table but which is left untouched while the rack is played, so that in the event the player gets out of position, the shooter has an insurance shot. Typically an insurance ball will be in or near the {{glossary link internal|jaw|jaws}} of a pocket. }}
 
{{term| in the balls }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], a phrase used to describe a situation where the player has an easy {{glossary link internal|pot}} and in general the balls are in a position to go on to make a sizeable {{glossary link internal|break}}.  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|set up}} (sense 4).''<!--In response to someone asking about it: Use of this phrase in US English would result in peals of laughter, much like the movie title "Free Willy" does in UK English.--> }}
 
{{term| in the money }}
{{defn|1= In a tournament, to {{glossary link internal|place}} high enough to receive a payout. E.g., in a tournament that pays from 1st down to 5th places, to be at least 5th place is to be in the money.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| in turn }}
{{defn|1= When a particular ball is given as a {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicap}} in nine-ball, designating that ball ''in turn'' means that it must be made in rotation, when it is the lowest numerical ball remaining on the table, and cannot be made to garner a win earlier in the game by way of a combination, carom or any other shot. For example, if a player is {{glossary link internal|spot (verb)|spotted}} the 8 ball, he only wins by making that ball after balls 1 through 7 have been cleared from the table. The phrase is not common in the U.S. }}
 
{{term|term= Irish linen |content=Irish linen {{anchor|irish linen|Irish Linen}}}}
{{defn|1= Linen made from flax and produced in Ireland which is often used to wrap the gripping area of the {{glossary link internal|butt}} of a cue.
{{further2|[[Irish linen]]}} }}
 
{{glossend}}
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==J==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| jack up }}
{{defn|no=1|1=To elevate the back of the cue on a shot. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In gambling, to "jack up a bet" means to increase the stakes. }}
 
{{term| jail }}
{{defn|1= When a player is on the receiving end of a devastating safety where it is very difficult or near impossible to make a legal hit on an object ball.<ref>[[ESPN2]] broadcast of 2007 World Summit of Pool, final (September 17, 2007). [[Alex Pagulayan]] v. [[Shane Van Boening]]. In-context commentary on rack 11 by pool pro [[Charles Williams (pool player)|Charlie Williams]]. [Following a safety] "He put Shane in jail here; this is a tough shot."</ref> }}
 
{{term| jam up }}
{{defn|1= Adjectival expression for a player's deadly game; "watch out, he plays jam up."<ref name="USOpen06"/><ref>[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2008 BCA GenerationPool.com Women' 9-Ball Championship, final (aired July 19, 2008). [[Ga-Young Kim]] vs. [[Xiaoting Pan]]. In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro [[Ewa Mataya Laurance]]: "The field has gotten so much stronger; there are no easy matches anymore—you know—your first match you have to play jam up."</ref> }}
 
{{term| jawed ball }}
{{defn|1= A ball that fails to drop into a pocket after bouncing back and forth between the {{glossary link internal|jaws}} of a pocket.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| jaws }}
{{defn|1= The inside walls of a {{glossary link internal|pocket|pockets}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| jenny }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly Australian:'' ''Same as a {{glossary link internal|force follow}} shot.'' }}
 
{{term| jigger }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cross}}.'' }}
 
{{term| joint }}
{{defn|1= The interlocking connection between the butt and shaft ends of a two-piece cue stick.<ref name="BCA"/>  Usually connects via means of a steel or wooden {{glossary link internal|pin}}, and may be protected by a {{glossary link internal|collar}} of metal or some other material, or may connect wood-on-wood.<ref name="Kilby 2009"/> }}
 
{{term| joint protectors }}
{{defn|1= Plugs that screw into the joint when a two-piece cue is broken down to keep foreign objects and moisture from contacting the joint mechanism. }}
 
[[File:Ronnie O’Sullivan at German Masters Snooker Final (DerHexer) 2012-02-05 09.jpg|thumb|A jump shot performed by [[Ronnie O’Sullivan]].]]
{{term|term= jump |content=jump {{anchor|jumps|jump shot|jump shots|jumpshot|jumpshots|jump-shot|jump-shots}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''jump shot'''.''
Any shot where the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is intentionally jumped into the air to clear an obstacle<ref name="BCA"/> (usually an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, even in games with non-ball objects, e.g. [[bottle pool]]). Jump shots must be performed by hitting the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} into the table's surface so that it rebounds from the {{glossary link internal|cloth}}. Scooping under the cue ball to fling it into the air is deemed a foul by all authoritative rules sources, as the cue ball is technically struck twice, once by the {{glossary link internal|tip}}, once by the {{glossary link internal|ferrule}}.{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}<!--I'm pretty sure this is sourced in Shamos 1999; will go look for it. -SMcCandlish.--> A legal jump shot works by compressing the cue ball slightly against the {{glossary link internal|slate}} under the cloth, causing it to spring upward when the downward pressure of the [[Cue stick|cue]] is released.{{Citation needed|date=December 2007}}<!--I'm pretty sure this is sourced in one of Byrne's books; will go look for it. -SMcCandlish.--> Naturally, non-standard "{{glossary link internal|rock}}" cue balls (made of ceramic, much denser than the more typical [[phenolic resin]] and other plastics used for [[billiard ball]]s) are not well-suited to jump shots. Some [[billiard hall]]s and even entire leagues prohibit all jump (and usually also {{glossary link internal|massé}}) shots, out of fears of damage to the equipment, especially the cloth.  Specialized {{glossary link internal|jump cue|jump cues}} exist to better facilitate jump shots; they are usually shorter and lighter, and with harder tips, than normal cues.  Jump shots that go through or into objects rather than over them are common in [[trick shot]] ([[artistic pool]] and [[artistic billiards]]) competition. }}
 
{{term|term= jump cue |content=jump cue {{anchor|jump-cue|jumpcue|jump stick|jump-stick|jumpstick|jumper|jumper cue}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''jump stick'''.''<ref name="Brandt"/>
A {{glossary link internal|cue}} dedicated to {{glossary link internal|jump shot|jumping}} balls; usually shorter and lighter than a playing cue and having a wider, harder {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}}. }}
 
{{term| jump draw }}
{{defn|1= A rare and very difficult [[Trick shot|trick]] {{glossary link internal|jump shot}} that turns into a {{glossary link internal|draw shot}} upon landing. Requires  precise application of {{glossary link internal|spin}} in addition to the precise application of ball pressure to effectuate the jump.  Jump draws are fairly often seen in professional trick shot competition. }}
 
{{term| jump massé }}
{{defn|1= A rare and extremely difficult [[Trick shot|trick]] {{glossary link internal|jump shot}} that turns into a {{glossary link internal|massé}} upon landing. Requires very precise application of {{glossary link internal|spin}} in addition to the precise application of ball pressure to effectuate the jump. Turn-of-the-20th-century World [[Balkline and straight rail|Balkline]] Champion [[Jacob Schaefer Sr.|Jacob Schaefer&nbsp;Sr.]] was known to daringly perform jump massés in competition.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
 
{{glossend}}
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==K==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| key ball }}
{{defn|1= The {{glossary link internal|object ball}} involved in a {{glossary link internal|key shot}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| key shot }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A shot or ball that allows a player to obtain {{glossary link internal|shape}} on another ball hard to play position to.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A shot or ball that is the "key" to {{glossary link internal|run out|running out}}. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=The 14th {{glossary link internal|object ball}} in a rack of [[straight pool]] that, when proper position is achieved on, allows easy position play, in turn, on the last (15th) object ball for an [[Straight pool#Intergame racking|intergame break shot]]. }}
 
{{term| kick }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Short for {{glossary link internal|kick shot}}.'' Also used as a verb, "to kick [at]" (US). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|cling}} (US) and {{glossary link internal|skid}}'' (British).  Noun, verb and rare adjective usage as per "cling". }}
 
{{term| kick shot }}
{{defn|1= A shot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is driven to one or more {{glossary link internal|rail|rails}} ({{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} in British English) before reaching its intended target—usually an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/>  Often shortened to 'kick'. }}
 
{{term|term= kill shot |content=kill shot {{anchor|kill|kills|kill-shot|killshot|to kill|kill, to|killed}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''kill'''.''<ref name="BCA"/>
A shot intended to slow down or "kill" the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}'s speed as much as possible after contact with an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}; usually a shot with {{glossary link internal|draw}}, often combined with {{glossary link internal|inside english|inside {{typo|english}}}}.  Also known as a {{glossary link internal|dead ball shot}}. }}
 
{{term|term= kiss |content=kiss {{anchor|kisses|kissing|kissed|to kiss|kiss, to}}}}
{{defn|1= An instance of contact between balls, usually used in the context of describing an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} contacting another object ball (e.g. "the 2 ball kissed off the 12 ball"), or in [[snooker]] the cue ball making contact with some object ball after the initial contact with a {{glossary link internal|ball on}}. If the player's ''intention'' was to cause two object balls to kiss (e.g. to pocket a shot ball by ricocheting it off a stationary one), it is often called a {{glossary link internal|kiss shot}}.<ref name="BCA"/> ''Compare {{glossary link internal|double kiss}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|carom}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= kiss shot |content=kiss shot {{anchor|kiss-shot|kiss shots|kiss-shots}}}}
{{defn|1= A shot in which the object is to {{glossary link internal|pocket}} ({{glossary link internal|pot}}) an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} by striking it with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} and then having the object ball ricochet off another object ball into a {{glossary link internal|pocket}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| kitchen }}
{{defn|1= The area on the table behind the {{glossary link internal|head string}}.<ref name="BCA"/> The origin of the term has been the subject of some speculation but the best explanation known is that in the 1800s, many homes did not have room for both a billiard table and a dining room table. The solution was a billiards table that had a cover converting it into a dining table. Kept in the dining room, play on such a table was often restricted by the size of the room, so it would be placed so that the head rail would face the connected kitchen door, thus affording a player room for the backswing without hitting a wall. A player was therefore either half or sometimes fully (literally) "in the kitchen" when breaking the balls.<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''See also {{glossary link internal|baulk}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= knuckle |content=knuckle {{anchor|knuckles}}}}
{{defn|1= One of two jutting curves of the {{glossary link internal|nose|noses}} of the {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} on either side of each {{glossary link internal|pocket}} where cushion and pocket meet, forming the {{glossary link internal|jaw}} of the pocket. The knuckles are protrusive and comparatively sharp on a [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] table, and can be used like a [[Backboard (basketball)|basketball backboard]] to rebound a ball into a pocket.  On [[billiard table]]s for [[snooker]], [[English billiards]], [[Russian pyramid]] and various other games, the knuckles are rounded, and thwart the backboard effect.  The curvature of snooker and English billiards knuckles are determined by {{glossary link internal|pocket template|pocket templates}} produced by the [[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]].<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} The knuckle is also known as a {{glossary link internal|point}}, {{glossary link internal|horn}} or {{glossary link internal|titty}}, depending on area and company. }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==L==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= ladies' aid |content=ladies' aid {{anchor|ladies aid|lady's aid|lady aid}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''lady's aid'''.''
A denigrating term for the {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|139}} }}
 
{{term| lag }}
{{defn|1= To determine the order of play, players (representing only themselves, or teams) each simultaneously shoot a ball from the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}} (or in British games, from the {{glossary link internal|baulk line}}) to the {{glossary link internal|end rail}} and back toward the {{glossary link internal|bottom rail}}. Whichever shooter's ball comes to rest closest to the bottom rail gets to choose who {{glossary link internal|break|breaks}} the {{glossary link internal|rack}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|139}} It is permissible but not required for the lagged ball to touch or rebound from the bottom rail, but not to touch the side rails. Lagging is usually a two-party activity, though there are games such as [[cutthroat (pool)|cutthroat]] in which three players might lag. In the case of a tie, the tying shooters re-lag. The lag is most often used in tournament play or other competitions.
In hard-break games like [[nine-ball]] and [[eight-ball]] the winner of the lag would normally take the break, while in soft-break games like [[straight pool]] would likely require the loser of the lag to break, since breaking would be a disadvantage.  ''See also {{glossary link internal|string-off}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= last-pocket |content=last-pocket {{anchor|last pocket|lastpocket}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''last pocket'''.''
A common rule in informal {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}, especially bar/pub [[eight-ball]], in which the {{glossary link internal|money ball}} must be {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}} ({{glossary link internal|pot|potted}}) in the same pocket as the shooter's last {{glossary link internal|object ball}} (each player may be said to eventually "own" a pocket, for the duration of the game, in which their 8 ball shot must be played if they have already run out their {{glossary link internal|suit}}).  The variant is not extremely common in the United States or the UK, but is near-universal in much of Latin America (where two {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratches}} are permitted when attempting the 8 ball shot and count as simple fouls, with only a third scratch constituting a loss of game).  Last pocket is also common in North Africa. Last-pocket rules require careful {{glossary link internal|position play}}, and frequently result in {{glossary link internal|bank shot|bank}} and {{glossary link internal|kick|kick shots}} with the 8 ball. }}
 
{{term| league }}
{{defn|1= An organization that promotes competitive, usually team, amateur cue sports, most commonly [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], especially [[eight-ball]] and [[nine-ball]], although there are also well-established [[snooker league]]s.  Some leagues, many of which are decades old, are entirely local and either informal or [[Incorporation (business)|incorporated]], and may use their own local rules or may have adopted more widely published rulesets, such as those of the [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]].  Other leagues are organized on a multi-regional or even international level, and may be non-profit or for-profit enterprises, usually with their own fine-tuned rule books. Despite differences, the largest leagues are increasingly converging toward the WPA rules, with the exception of the [[American Poolplayers Association|APA/CPA]], which retains rules much closer to [[United States|US]]-style {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}.  At least four major pool leagues hold international championships in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] annually (APA/CPA, [[Billiard Congress of America|BCAPL]], [[Valley National 8-Ball League Association|VNEA]] and [[American CueSports Alliance|ACS/CCS]]). Some leagues also offer {{glossary link internal|one-on-one}} tournaments, {{glossary link internal|scotch doubles}} events, [[artistic pool]] competition, and other non-team activities. ''(See [[:Category:Cue sports leagues]] for a listing of articles on various leagues.)''<!--Maybe shorten this and move long ver. to a stub article, using [[Template:Main]] here to link from a shorter version here to the new article.--> }}
 
{{term| leave }}
{{defn|1= The cue ball's position after a shot. "Good" or "bad" in reference to a leave describe respectively and advantageous or disadvantageous position for the next shot, or to leave an incoming opponent {{glossary link internal|safe}}.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|241}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|position play}}; compare {{glossary link internal|position}}, {{glossary link internal|shape}}.'' }}
 
{{term| legal }}
{{defn|1= As in many other sports, "legal" means not causing or likely to cause a {{glossary link internal|foul}} (the opposite being {{glossary link internal|illegal}}). A legal ''hit'' is one in which the requirements for a non-foul hit are met (e.g., in [[nine-ball]], the lowest-numbered ball on the table was hit by the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} first, and at least one {{glossary link internal|object ball}} was {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}}, or any ball reached a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, after the hit on the first object ball.).  A legal ''shot'' is one in which no foul of any kind was involved (e.g. there was not a {{glossary link internal|double hit}} by the cue, the player's {{glossary link internal|bridge}} hand did not move a ball, etc.).  A legal ''stroke'' is one in which the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{glossary link internal|stroke}} obeyed the rules (e.g. the shooter did not perform an illegal {{glossary link internal|jump shot}} by scooping under the cue ball with the cue {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}}).  A legal ''ball'' is a {{glossary link internal|ball-on}}, an object ball at which it is permissible for the player to shoot.  And so on.  The term can be used in many ways consistent with these examples ("legal pocket" in [[one-pocket]], "legal equipment" under tournament specifications, etc.). }}
 
{{term| left }}
{{defn|1= ''Short for left {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} ({{glossary link internal|side}})'', i.e. spin imparted to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} by {{glossary link internal|stroke|stroking}} it to the lefthand side of its vertical axis. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|right}}.'' }}
 
{{term| lemon}}
{{defn|1= A player is said to be a "lemon," "lemon man," or "playing on the lemon" when he intentionally plays below his true ability in order to attract more gambling action and win more money.  Players who fall for the ruse would be less likely to gamble with the lemon man if he showed his full ability at all times.}}
 
{{term| lemonade stroke }}
{{defn|1= An intentionally amateurish stroke to disguise one's ability to play. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|on the lemonade}}.'' }}
 
{{term| let out }}
{{defn|1= To allow an opponent to stop playing a set for money in exchange for something. If a player is winning a set by a wide margin, with $100 on the line, the player could say, "I'll let you out now for $75." This is usually meant to save pride. }}
 
{{term|term= little |content=little {{anchor|littles|little ones|little balls}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''littles''', '''little ones''', '''little balls'''.}}
In [[eight-ball]], to be shooting the solid {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of balls (1 through 7); "you're little, remember", "you're the little balls" or "I've got the littles". ''Compare {{glossary link internal|small}}, {{glossary link internal|solids}}, {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}, {{glossary link internal|low}}, {{glossary link internal|spot|spots}}, {{glossary link internal|dots}}, {{glossary link internal|unders}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|big}}.'' }}
 
{{term| lock }}
{{defn|1= A game that basically cannot be lost based on disparity of skill levels; "this game is a lock for him." }}
 
{{term| lock artist }}
{{defn|1= Someone talented at making {{glossary link internal|lock}} games. }}
 
{{term| lock up }}
{{defn|1= The act of playing a devastating safety which leaves the opponent in a situation where it is very difficult or near impossible to make a legal hit on an object ball.<ref name="USOpen06-3"/> ''See also {{glossary link internal|jail}}.'' }}
 
{{term| long bank }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|cross-corner}} bank shot from one end of the table to the other (i.e. across the {{glossary link internal|center string}}). Long banks are considerably more difficult, because of the smaller margin for error due to distance and angle widening, than {{glossary link internal|cross-side}} banks and short cross-corner banks from the same end of the table. }}
 
{{term| long double }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' {{glossary link internal|bank|bank shot}} played up and down the longer length of the table off a {{glossary link internal|short rail}} and into a {{glossary link internal|corner pocket}}, as opposed to the more common bank across the short length into a {{glossary link internal|center pocket}} or corner. }}
 
{{term| long pot }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], a {{glossary link internal|pot}} into any of the {{glossary link internal|corner pocket|corner pockets}} where the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} had started in the opposite lengthwise half of the table. In other words, a pot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} or {{glossary link internal|object ball}} crosses an imaginary line joining the {{glossary link internal|center pocket|middle pockets}}. }}
 
{{term| long rail }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|side rail}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| long string }}
{{defn|1= An imaginary line dividing the table into two equal halves lengthwise. It intersects the {{glossary link internal|head string}}, {{glossary link internal|center string}} and {{glossary link internal|foot string}} at the {{glossary link internal|head spot}}, {{glossary link internal|center spot}} and {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}, respectively.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|242}}<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| look back }}
{{defn|1= To enter the [[double elimination tournament|loser bracket]] in a [[double elimination]] tournament, or otherwise slip in standing in other tournament formats (i.e., to lose a {{glossary link internal|game}}/{{glossary link internal|frame}}/{{glossary link internal|round}}/{{glossary link internal|match}}, but still remain in the competition). }}
 
{{term|term= losing hazard |content=losing hazard {{anchor|loser|losing-hazard}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''loser'''.''
(Largely obsolete.) A shot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}} after {{glossary link internal|carom|caroming}} off another ball.<ref name="BCA"/><ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|148}}. In [[snooker]] and most [[Pocket billiards|pool]] games doing this would be a {{glossary link internal|fault}} ({{glossary link internal|foul}}), but the move will score {{glossary link internal|point|points}} in many games in which {{glossary link internal|hazard|hazards}} (as such) apply, such as [[English billiards]], or in the final or game point in [[Cowboy pool]]. The term derives from this hazard costing the player points in early forms of billiards.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|275}}  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|in-off}}, {{glossary link internal|scratch}}.  Contrast {{glossary link internal|winning hazard}}.'' }}
 
{{term| low }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Also '''lows''', '''low balls''', '''low ones'''.'' In [[eight-ball]], to be shooting the solid {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of balls (1 through 7); "you're low, remember", "you're low balls" or "I've got the lows." ''Compare {{glossary link internal|solids}}, {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}, {{glossary link internal|little}}, {{glossary link internal|spot|spots}}, {{glossary link internal|dots}}, {{glossary link internal|unders}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|high}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=With {{glossary link internal|draw}}, as in "I shot that low left", meaning "I shot that with draw and with left {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}}". Derives from the fact that one must aim below the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}'s equator, i.e. "low" on the ball, to impart draw. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|high}}.'' }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==M==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| magnetic cue ball }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} that, due to embedded iron content, is responsive enough to a strong [[magnet]] that a modern coin-operated {{glossary link internal|bar table}} with a magnetic {{glossary link internal|ball return|ball-return mechanism}} can distinguish and separate the cue ball from the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}}.  Magnetic cue balls are usually the same standard size as the object balls in the set, and near regulation weight, typically 0.5 to 1 ounce (14–28&nbsp;g) heavier than the object balls. As such they do not suffer the playability problems of either excessively dense, ceramic "{{glossary link internal|rock}}" or notable oversized "{{glossary link internal|grapefruit}}" cue balls, and demonstrate only minimal {{glossary link internal|smash-through}}.  Magnetic balls are standard equipment in some leagues, including the [[Valley National Eight-ball Association|VNEA]]. Magnetics come in three construction types of iron embedded in the same [[phenolic resin]] or other modern, resilient plastic that the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} are made of: a solid metal core (prone to being off-center and not rolling true); small metal bars distributed around the interior of the ball (the most common, and less prone but not immune to balance defects); and tiny metal filings throughout the material (the most consistent, only made by one manufacturer, and expensive). }}
 
{{term| mark }}
{{defn|no=1|1=The target of a scam or hustle;<ref>Lexico Publishing Group, LLC (2006). [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mark Mark – Dictionary.com]. Retrieved February 19, 2007.</ref> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A foolish person in a pool room; }}
{{defn|no=3|1=To indicate where something is to be done. To "mark the pocket" means to indicate which pocket you intend to sink an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|fish}}.'' }}
 
{{term| massé }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Spinks massé 1893.png|thumb|right|An extreme {{glossary link internal|massé}} shot by [[William A. Spinks]] during an 1893 [[exhibition game]] against [[Jacob Schaefer, Sr.]] Starting from bottom left, his {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} swerves into and {{glossary link internal|carom|caroms}} off one {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, then due to its extreme {{glossary link internal|spin}} rebounds into the {{glossary link internal|cushion}} ''four'' times before finally rolling away for a perfect, scoring hit on the other object ball. And Spinks lost this game.]]<!--Replace with a better-quality image soon!-->
''Also '''massé shot'''.'' A steep curve or complete reversal of cue ball direction without the necessity of any rail or object ball being struck, due to extreme {{glossary link internal|spin}} imparted to the cue ball by a steeply elevated cue.<ref name="BCA"/> Its invention is credited to [[François Mingaud]]. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|semi-massé}}.'' }}
 
{{term| match }}
{{defn|no=1|1=The overall competition between two players, two pairs of players or two teams of players, usually consisting of a predetermined number of {{glossary link internal|frame|frames}}<ref name="WEPFRules"/> or {{glossary link internal|game|games}} (sometimes organized into {{glossary link internal|round|rounds}}). There are also specialized match formats where the game number is not predetermined; ''see {{glossary link internal|race}} and {{glossary link internal|ahead race or session|ahead race}} for examples''. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=To agree to rise to a higher wager, as in "$100? Yeah, I'll match that" (i.e., basically equivalent to "call a raise" in [[poker]]). }}
 
{{term| match ball }}
{{defn|1= The ball required to guarantee victory in a match. Sometimes used figuratively to mean the last difficult ball required (chiefly British and usually used in multi-frame matches, particularly snooker). }}
 
{{term|term= match play |content=match play {{anchor|matchplay|match-play}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''matchplay''', '''match-play'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Chiefly British: Competitive play in {{glossary link internal|match|matches}} with standings consequences, such as local [[snooker league]] competition or the [[World Snooker Championship]], as opposed to practice, playing with friends at the pub, or [[hustling]] pool for money. }}
{{defn|no=2|1= Chiefly American: ''Same as {{glossary link internal|one-on-one}} as applied to {{glossary link internal|league}} play.'' (Definition appears to have been introduced by [[USA Pool League]] misapplying the term "match" to what is otherwise termed a "{{glossary link internal|race}}".)<ref name="BCAPL-USAPL 2009"/>{{Rp|2}} }}
 
{{term| maximum break }}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Maximum break}}
''Also simply '''maximum'''.''
In [[snooker]], the highest {{glossary link internal|break}} attainable with the balls that are {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}}; usually 147 points starting by {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} fifteen {{glossary link internal|red ball|red}}s, in combination with {{glossary link internal|black ball|black}}s, and clearing the {{glossary link internal|colour ball|colour}}s. Also called a '''147''' (''one-four-seven''). In [[six-red snooker]], the maximum break is only 75 points, due to fewer red balls and thus fewer black-scoring opportunities. ''See also {{glossary link internal|total clearance}}.'' }}
 
{{term| mechanical bridge }}
{{defn|1= A special stick with a grooved, slotted or otherwise supportive end attachment that helps guide the cue stick – a stand-in for the {{glossary link internal|bridge}} hand. It is usually used only when the shot cannot be comfortably reached with a hand bridge. In American English, often shortened to '''bridge''' or called a '''bridge stick''';<ref name="BCA"/> the term '''{{glossary link internal|rake}}''' is also common.
 
An entire class of different mechanical bridges exist for [[snooker]], called '''{{glossary link internal|rest|rests}}''' ''(see that entry for details)'', also commonly used in [[blackball (pool)|blackball]] and [[English billiards]].
 
Mechanical bridges have many derogatory nicknames, such as "{{glossary link internal|ladies' aid}}", "crutch", "granny stick", and "sissy stick", because of the perception by many amateur players that they are evidence of weak playing skills or technique (the opposite is actually true).<ref name="Fels"/><!-- Please do not clutter this definition with any more of the very numerous derogatory expressions that amateur players use for the mechanical bridge; four examples are enough until such time as a consensus is developed on the talk page that all of them should have their own sourced, individual entries. -->
 
Small mechanical bridges, that stand on the table surface instead of being mounted on sticks, exist for [[Disability|disabled]] players who do not have or cannot use both hands or arms.}}
 
{{term| middle pocket }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|centre pocket}}.'' }}
 
{{term| middle spot }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|center spot}}; uncommon.'' }}
 
{{term| miscue }}
{{defn|1= A stroke in which the cue's tip glances or slips off the cue ball not effectively transferring the intended force.<ref name="BCA"/> Usually the result is a bungled shot. Common causes include a lack of {{glossary link internal|chalk}} on the {{glossary link internal|cue tip}}, a poorly groomed cue tip and not stroking straight through the cue ball, e.g. because of {{glossary link internal|steering}}. Also the distinctive metallic sound made when a miscue occurs. }}
 
{{term| miss }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], a shot where a player {{glossary link internal|foul|fouls}} by missing the ball on altogether. The miss rule allows for his opponent to have the player play exactly the same shot again, or at least as accurately as the {{glossary link internal|referee}} is able to reproduce the ball positions. A miss usually occurs when a player makes an unsuccessful attempt at escaping from a snooker. It is a controversial rule aimed at formally discouraging {{glossary link internal|deliberate foul|deliberate fouls}}. In professional snooker, a referee will almost always call a miss on any foul where the player misses the ball on altogether, regardless of how close the player comes to hitting it. If a player is called for a miss three times in a single visit while not snookered, he forfeits the frame; to avoid this, players almost always play an easy hit on their third attempt, even if it is likely to leave a chance for the opponent. }}
 
{{term| missable }}
{{defn|1= Describing a difficult {{glossary link internal|pot}}: "the awkward cueing makes this shot missable." }}
 
{{term|term= money added |content=money added {{anchor|money-added|moneyadded|added money}}}}
{{defn|1= Said of a tournament in which the {{glossary link internal|pot}} of money to pay out to the winner(s) contains sponsor monies in addition to competitor entry fees.  Often used as an adjective: "a money-added event".  ''See also {{glossary link internal|added}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= money ball |content=money ball {{anchor|money-ball|moneyball|money balls|money-balls|moneyballs}}}}
{{defn|1= Name for the ball that when pocketed, wins the game, or any ball that when made results in a payday such as a "{{glossary link internal|way}}" in the game of [[Chicago (pool)|Chicago]]. }}
 
{{term|term= money game |content=money game {{anchor|money-game|moneygame|money games|money-games|moneygames|money}}}}
{{defn|1= A game (often actually a {{glossary link internal|race}}) the outcome of which is the subject of [[gambling]] by the players and/or by {{glossary link internal|stakehorse|stakehorses}}. Participants may use the phrase "this is a money game" to indicate to others that they take the contest more seriously than a casual game and, e.g., are unwilling to make sportsmanlike compromises or do not appreciate distractions.  A clear illustration of the latter is in the "two brothers and a stranger" [[hustling]] scene in the film ''[[The Color of Money (film)|The Color of Money]]''. }}
 
{{term|term= money, in the |content=money, in the {{anchor|in the money}}}}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|in the money}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= money table |content=money table {{anchor|money tables|money-table|money tables|moneytable|moneytables}}}}
{{defn|1= The table reserved for {{glossary link internal|money games}} or, by extension, the best table in the house. This table is typically of better quality and regularly maintained, and may have {{glossary link internal|pocket|pockets}} that are unusually {{glossary link internal|tight}}. Money tables in popular venues may be outright reserved for major {{glossary link internal|action}}. }}
 
{{term|term= mushroom |content=mushroom {{anchor|mushrooms|mushroomed|mushroom tip|mushroomed tip}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''mushroomed tip'''.''
Leather of the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}} overhanging the {{glossary link internal|ferrule}} because of compression from innumerable repeated impacts against the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} without proper maintenance of the tip.  It must be trimmed off, or it will cause {{glossary link internal|miscue|miscues}} and inaccuracies, as it is not backed by the solid ferrule and thus will compress much more than the tip should on impact.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|159}}  ''See also {{glossary link internal|burnish}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= mushroom trimmer |content=mushroom trimmer {{anchor|mushroom shaver|mushroom cutter}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''mushroom shaver''', '''mushroom cutter'''.''
A sharp-bladed {{glossary link internal|tip tool}} used to trim the {{glossary link internal|mushroom|mushroomed}} portion off a {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} and restore it to its proper shape. }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==N==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| nap }}
{{defn|1= A directional pile created by the short fuzzy ends of fibers on the surface of {{glossary link internal|cloth}} projecting upward from the lie and which create a favorable and unfavorable direction for rolling balls.<ref name="TIEOB"/> The convention in most billiards games in which  directional nap cloth is used is to brush the cloth along the table in the same direction of the nap, usually from the end that a player {{glossary link internal|break|breaks}}. In [[snooker]] and [[Eight-ball#UK|UK eight-ball]] especially, this creates the effect of {{glossary link internal|creep}} in the direction of the nap, the most-affected shot being a slow roll into a {{glossary link internal|center pocket}} against the nap. It is commonly referred to in the fuller term "nap of the cloth." When nap is used in relation to woven cloths that have no directional pile, such as those typically used in the U.S. for pool tables, the term simply refers to the fuzziness of the cloth.<ref>Lexico Publishing Group, LLC (2006). [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nap Nap – Dictionary.com]</ref> }}
 
{{term| natural }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Noun: In [[Pocket billiards|pool]], a natural is an easy shot requiring no {{glossary link internal|side spin}} ({{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}}). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Adjective: In pool, a shot is said to be natural if it does not require adjustments, such as a {{glossary link internal|cut}} angle, side spin, or unusual force.  A natural {{glossary link internal|bank shot}}, for example, is one in which simply shooting straight into the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} at medium speed and with no spin will send the object ball directly into the target [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]] on the other side of the table. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In [[three cushion billiards]], the most standard{{Clarify|date=August 2008|reason=What does "most standard" mean?}} shot where the third ball is advantageously placed in a corner.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term|term= 9 ball |content=9 ball {{anchor|9-ball|9ball|nine ball|nine-ball|nineball|the 9|9, the|the nine|nine, the}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''the 9'''.''
The {{glossary link internal|money ball}} ({{glossary link internal|game ball}} or {{glossary link internal|frame ball}}) in a game of [[nine-ball]]. It is the last ball that must be pocketed, after the remaining eight object balls have been pocketed, or may be pocketed early to win the game so long as the lowest-numbered ball on the table is struck before the 9. In other games, such as [[eight-ball]], the 9 is simply one of the regular object balls (a {{glossary link internal|stripes|stripe}}, in particular). }}
 
{{term| nip draw }}
{{defn|1= A short, jabbed {{glossary link internal|draw}} {{glossary link internal|stroke}} usually employed so as to not commit a {{glossary link internal|foul}} (i.e. due to following through to a {{glossary link internal|double hit}}) when the cue ball is very near to the target {{glossary link internal|object ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| nit }}
{{defn|1= Someone who wants too high a handicap or refuses to wager any money on a relatively fair match; a general pool room pejorative moniker. Probably derived from "nitwit". }}
 
{{term| nominate }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|call}}. (Formal.)'' }}
 
{{term|term= nose |content=nose {{anchor|noses|cushion nose|cushion noses|rail nose}}}}
{{defn|1= The furthest-protruding point of the {{glossary link internal|face}} of the {{glossary link internal|cushion}} over the {{glossary link internal|bed}} of the table. The dimensions of the {{glossary link internal|playing area}} are thus defined by the measurements lengthwise and widthwise between the cushion noses (though specifications may simply refer to the cushion face for short in that context).<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} The height of the nose from the bed determines the cushion {{glossary link internal|profile}}. The corners (sharp on pool tables, rounded on snooker tables) formed by the nose at the entrance to the {{glossary link internal|pocket|pockets}} are called the {{glossary link internal|knuckle|knuckles}}, {{glossary link internal|point|points}} or {{glossary link internal|titty|titties}}. }}
 
{{term|term= nurse |content=nurse {{anchor|nurses|nurse shot|nurse-shot|nurseshot|nursery|nursery shot|nursery-shot|nurse cannon|nursery cannon}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''nurse shot''', '''nursery shot''', '''nursery cannon'''.}}
In carom games such as [[Balkline and straight rail|straight rail]], [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline]] and [[cushion caroms]], where all the balls are kept near each other and a cushion, and with very soft shots, can be "nursed" down a rail on multiple successful shots that effectively replicate the same ball setup so that the nurse shot can be repeated again (and again, etc.).
 
Excessive use of nurse shots by players skilled enough to set them up and pull them off repeatedly at will is what led to the development of the [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline]] [[carom billiards]] game variations, and repetitive shot limitation rules in [[English billiards]].  A clear example of why: In 1907, [[Tom Reece]] scored a record {{glossary link internal|break}} of 499,135 consecutive {{glossary link internal|point|points}} over a period of five weeks, without a miss, using the {{glossary link internal|cradle cannon}} nurse shot.<ref>{{cite book | author= Richard Holt | title = Sport And the British: A Modern History | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 1989 | isbn = 0-19-285229-9 | page = 191}}</ref>}}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==O==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| object ball }}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Depending on context:}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Any ball that may be legally struck by the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} (i.e., any {{glossary link internal|ball-on}}); }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Any ball other than the cue ball.
 
Usage notes: When speaking very generally, e.g. about the proper way to make a kind of shot, any ball other than the cue ball is an object ball. In narrower contexts, this may not be the case. For example when playing [[eight-ball]] one might not think of the 8 ball as an object ball unless shooting for the 8.}}
 
{{term| on a string }}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Used when describing perfect play; a metaphoric reference to [[puppetry]]:}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Pocket billiards|Pool]]: ''See {{glossary link internal|having the cue ball on a string|Having the cue ball on a string}}''. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=[[Carom billiards]]: Order may be inverted: "as if the balls had strings on them".<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
 
{{term| on the hill }}
{{defn|1= Describes a player who needs only one more game win to be victorious in the match.<ref name="Paski"/><ref name="USOpen06"/> ''See also {{glossary link internal|hill-hill|hill, hill}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= on the lemonade |content=on the lemonade {{anchor|on the lemon|lemonade|laying down the lemon|laying on the lemon|lemon}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''on the lemon''', '''laying down the lemon'''.''
Disguising the level of one's ability to play; also known as {{glossary link internal|sandbag|sandbagging}} or {{glossary link internal|hustle|hustling}} (though the latter has a broader meaning).<ref name="BF">billiardsforum.info (2007). [http://www.billiardsforum.info/billiard-terms-definition/on-the-lemonade.asp Billiard, Pool, and Snooker terms and definitions]. Retrieved March 16, 2007</ref><ref name="Beenie">{{cite journal | last = Shaw | first = Thomas C. | title = The Legendary Weenie Beenie | journal = Pool & Billiard Magazine | volume =  16| issue =  5 | page = 59| id = [[ISSN]] 1049-2852 | date = May 1998 | quote = It was almost as if during his years of learning that he'd been laying down the lemon. They expected the speed of the old Beenie. 'But I had improved.'}}</ref>
''Compare {{glossary link internal|lemonade stroke}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= on the snap |content=on the snap {{anchor|on the break|on the beakoff|on the break-off}}}}
{{defn|1= As a result of the opening {{glossary link internal|break}} shot (the "snap"), usually said of winning by {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketing}} the {{glossary link internal|money ball}} ("won on the snap", "got it on the snap", etc.) Employed most commonly in the game of [[nine-ball]] where pocketing the {{glossary link internal|9 ball|9 ball}} at any time in the game on a legal stroke, including the break shot, is a win.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref>{{cite book | author = [[Steve Mizerak|Mizerak Steve]], and [[Ewa Mataya Laurance|Laurance, Ewa Mataya]], with Jerry Forsyth | year = 2003 | title = Quick-Start Guide to Pocket Billiards | publisher =  McGraw-Hill | location = [[New York, NY]] | isbn = 0-07-141520-3 | page = 87}}</ref>  Sometimes used alone as an exclamation or exhortation, "On the snap!"<ref name="tcom"/>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|golden break}}.'' }}
 
{{term| on the wire }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|games on the wire}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= one-on-one |content=one-on-one {{anchor|one on one|1-on-1|1 on 1|ooo}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''1-on-1''', '''one on one''', etc.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Competition between an individual player and an individual opponent, as opposed to team play, {{glossary link internal|scotch doubles}} and other multi-player variants. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A team play format in which an individual player from the home team plays a {{glossary link internal|race}} against an individual player from the visiting team, and then is finished for that {{glossary link internal|match}}.<ref name="BCAPL-USAPL 2009">''Player Handbook: BCA Pool League'' / ''USAPL: USA Pool League Player Handbook'' (2009–2010 Edition). "[http://playusapool.com/Portals/0/download/RulesMP.pdf USA Pool League Match Play Rules]". June 1, 2009. Henderson, NV: BCA Pool League.</ref>{{Rp|3–4}} ''(Same as {{glossary link internal|match play}}, definition 2.)'' Several large leagues use this format, including [[American Poolplayers Association|APA/CPA]] and [[USA Pool League|USAPL]]. (''Contrast {{glossary link internal|round robin}}.)'' }}
 
{{term|term= one-stroke |content=one-stroke {{anchor|one stroke|one-strokes|one-stroked|one-stroking|1-stroke|1 stroke|1-strokes|1-stroked|1-stroking}}}}
{{defn|1= To shoot without taking enough warm-up strokes to properly aim and feel out the stroke and speed to be applied. One-stroking is a common symptom of nervousness and a source of missed shots and failed position.<ref name="Brandt"/>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|choke}}, {{glossary link internal|dog}}.'' }}
 
{{term| open }}
{{defn|no=1|1=In eight-ball, when all {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} are {{glossary link internal|ball-on|balls-on}} for either player. ''See {{glossary link internal|open table}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A description of a {{glossary link internal|break shot}} in which the {{glossary link internal|rack}} ({{glossary link internal|pack}}) is spread apart well. ''See also the {{glossary link internal|open break}} requirement in some games' rules, including [[eight-ball]] and [[nine-ball]]'' }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In [[carom billiards]], descriptive of play in which the balls are not {{glossary link internal|gather shot|gathered}}. ''See {{glossary link internal|open play}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=4|1=A description of a layout of balls in a [[pocket billiards]] game (of almost any kind) that, because it is so spread out, makes its easy for a good player to {{glossary link internal|run out}} and win, due to lack of problematic {{glossary link internal|cluster|clustered}} and {{glossary link internal|frozen}} balls. }}
 
{{term| open break }}
{{defn|1= A requirement under some pocket billiards rulesets that either an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} be pocketed, or at least four object balls be driven to contact the {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}}, on the opening {{glossary link internal|break shot}}.<ref name="BCA"/>  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|soft break}}.'' }}
 
{{term| open bridge }}
{{defn|1= A bridge formed by the hand where no finger loops over the shaft of the cue. Typically, the cue stick is channeled by a "v"-shaped groove formed by the thumb and the base of the index finger. }}
 
{{term| open play }}
{{defn|1= A description of play in [[carom billiards]] games in which the balls remain widely separated rather than {{glossary link internal|gather shot|gathered}}, requiring much more skill to score {{glossary link internal|point|points}} and making {{glossary link internal|nurse|nurse shots}} effectively impossible, and making for a more interesting game for onlookers.<ref name="BDESaw"/> Most skilled players try to gather the balls as quickly as possible to increase their chances of continuing to score in a long {{glossary link internal|run}}. }}
 
{{term| open table }}
{{defn|1=In [[eight-ball]] and related games, describes the situation in which neither player has yet claimed a {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of balls. Often shortened to simply '''open''': "Is it still an open table?" "Yes, it's open." }}
 
{{term| orange crush, the }}
{{defn|1= The 5 {{glossary link internal|out}} (meaning the player getting the handicap can win by making the 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 balls). }}
 
{{term| out }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A specific ball number followed by "out" refers to a {{glossary link internal|handicap}} in [[nine-ball]] or other rotation games where the "spot" is all balls from that designated number to the money ball. To illustrate, the 6-out in a nine-ball game would allow the player getting {{glossary link internal|weight}} to win by {{glossary link internal|legal|legally}} pocketing the 6, 7, 8 or 9 balls. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Short for {{glossary link internal|run out}}, especially as a noun'': "That was a nice out." }}
 
{{term| outside english }}
{{defn|1= {{glossary link internal|Side spin}} on a {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} on the opposite side of the direction of the {{glossary link internal|cut}} angle to be played (right-hand {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} when cutting an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} to the left, and vice versa). In addition to affecting cue ball position, outside {{typo|english}} can be used to decrease {{glossary link internal|throw}}. }}
 
{{term| overcut }}
{{defn|1= Hitting the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} with too large of a {{glossary link internal|cut}} angle; hitting the object ball too thin. It is a well-known maxim that overcutting is preferable to {{glossary link internal|undercut|undercutting}} in many situations, as is more often leaves the table in a disadvantageous position on the miss than does an undercut. ''See also {{glossary link internal|professional side of the pocket}}.'' }}
 
{{term| overs }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|stripes}}, in New Zealand.<ref name="Stickmen2">{{cite video
| people    = Robbie Magasiva speaking as the character Jack; Hamish Rothwell, director
|date      = 2001
| title      = [[Stickmen (film)|Stickmen]]
| medium    = DVD
| publisher  = Monarch
| location  = New Zealand
| time      = 1:09:27
}}</ref> Compare {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{glossary link internal|high}}, {{glossary link internal|big|big ones}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|unders}}.'' }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==P==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| pack }}
{{defn|no=1|1=In [[snooker]], the bunch of reds that are typically left below the {{glossary link internal|pink ball|pink}} spot in the early stages of a {{glossary link internal|frame}}, not including those reds that have been released into {{glossary link internal|pot|pottable}} positions. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A cluster of balls.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|243}} }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|package}}.'' }}
 
{{term| package }}
{{defn|1= Successive games won without the opponent getting to the table; a five-{{glossary link internal|pack}} would be a package of five games. }}
 
{{term| pantsed }}
{{defn|1= ''Australian:'' Defeated with all seven of one's {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} (in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] or [[eight-ball]]) remaining on the table.  Informal Australian {{glossary link internal|bar pool|pub play}} may stipulate that if one loses this badly, one has been "pantsed" and must hobble one full lap around the pool table, with one's pants around one's ankles, or even fully naked.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}  ''(See also {{glossary link internal|down-trou}}.)'' }}
 
{{term| paper cut }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|feather}} (US) or {{glossary link internal|snick}} (UK)'' (US, colloquial). }}
 
{{term|term= Parker's box |content=Parker's box {{anchor|Parker box|Parker's Box|Parker Box|parker's box|parker box|parkerbox|Parker-boxed}}}}
{{defn|1= Named after [[Chicago]]an J. E. Parker, it is a {{frac|3|1|2}} &nbsp;×&nbsp;7&nbsp;inch box drawn on a {{glossary link internal|balkline}} table from the termination of a balkline with the {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, thus defining a restricted space in which only a set number of points may be scored before one ball must be driven from the area. Now supplanted by {{glossary link internal|anchor space|anchor spaces}}, it was developed to curtail the effectiveness of the {{glossary link internal|anchor nurse}}, which in turn had been invented to exploit a loophole in balkline rules: so long as both object balls straddled a balkline, there was no restriction on {{glossary link internal|count|counts}}, as each ball lay in a separate balk space.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
 
{{term| parking the cue ball }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Having the cue ball stop at or near the center of the table on a forceful break shot (the breaking ideal in many games such as nine-ball); }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Having the cue ball stop precisely where intended. }}
 
{{term|term= peas |content=peas {{anchor|pea|pill|pills|tally ball|tally balls|shake ball|shake balls}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''pills''', '''tally balls''' and '''shake balls'''.''
Small, round markers typically numbered 1 through 16, which are placed in a {{glossary link internal|bottle}} for various random assignment purposes, such as in a tournament roster, to assign order of play in a multiplayer game, or to assign particular balls to players in games such as [[kelly pool]].<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| percentage }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|play the percentages}}.''<ref name="Brandt"/> Used by itself often with "low" and "high": "that's a low-percentage shot for me", "I should really take the high-percentage one". }}
 
{{term| pill }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|pea}}''.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| pin }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A bolt-threaded protrusion inside the {{glossary link internal|joint}} of the [[Cue stick|cue]], usually protruding from the {{glossary link internal|butt}} and screwing into the {{glossary link internal|shaft}} rather than vice-versa.  Most modern cues make use of metal pins and {{glossary link internal|collar|collars}}, but [[carom billiards]] cues usually have a wooden pin, and a collarless wood-on-wood joint.<ref name="Kilby 2009">{{cite web
|title=So What's a Carom Cue?
|first=Ronald
|last=Kilby
|work=CaromCues.com
|location=[[Medford, OR]]
|publisher=Kilby Cues
|date=May 23, 2009<!--Last-modified date, according to Firefox's "Page info" tool.-->
|url= http://www.caromcues.com/CaromvsPoolCues.htm
|accessdate=November 20, 2009
|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080624113211/http://www.caromcues.com/CaromvsPoolCues.htm| archivedate = June 24, 2008}}</ref> }}
{{defn|1=
2.&nbsp; ''Same as {{glossary link internal|skittle}}.'' }}
 
{{term| pink ball }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], the second-highest value {{glossary link internal|colour ball}}, being worth six points.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180}} It is placed on the {{glossary link internal|pink spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} In some (especially American) snooker ball sets it is numbered "6" on its surface. }}
 
{{term| pink spot }}
{{defn|1= The marked {{glossary link internal|spot}} on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{glossary link internal|pink ball}} is placed.  Regardless of table size, it is exactly midway between the {{glossary link internal|centre spot}} ({{glossary link internal|blue spot}} and the {{glossary link internal|face}} ({{glossary link internal|nose}}) of the {{glossary link internal|top cushion}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} ''Also known as the {{glossary link internal|pyramid spot}} (sense 2).''<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180,&nbsp;194}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}
 
{{term| piqué }}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''piquet'''.''
Either a {{glossary link internal|massé}} shot with no {{typo|english}}, or a shot in which the cue stick is steeply angled, but not held quite as vertical as it is in full massé.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|171}}<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|243}} }}
 
{{term| place }}
{{defn|1= To reach a certain position in a tournament.  "I placed 17th."  "She will probably place {{glossary link internal|in the money}} this time." }}
 
{{term| plant }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British. Same as {{glossary link internal|combination shot}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| play the percentages }}
{{defn|1= Using knowledge of the game and one's own abilities and limitations to choose the manner of shooting and the particular shot from an array presented, that has a degree of likelihood of success. This often requires a player to forego a shot that if made would be very advantageous but does not have a high likelihood of success, in favor of a safety or less advantageous shot that is more realistically achievable.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term|term= playing area |content=playing area {{anchor|playing surface|play area|play surface|area of play|game-play area|gameplay area}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''playing surface'''.''
The area of the table on which the balls roll, i.e. the table surface exclusive of the {{glossary link internal|rail|rails}} and the tops of the {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}}. The playing surface is defined by the measurements lengthwise and widthwise between the cushion noses (though specifications may simply refer to the cushion {{glossary link internal|face|faces}} for short in that context).<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} [[Artistic pool]] and other forms of [[trick shot]]s sometimes call for shots to go beyond the bounds of the playing surface, e.g. a {{glossary link internal|jump|jump shot}} off the table into a boot on the floor, in [[Mike Massey]]'s classic "boot shot". The playing surface is what is used, not the entire table, when describing the approximate size of [[billiard table]]s of all kinds (e.g. "a 8&nbsp;×&nbsp;4&nbsp;foot pool table"). }}
 
{{term| pocket }}
{{defn|no=1|1=(noun) An opening in a [[Billiards table]], cut partly into the {{glossary link internal|bed}} and partly into the {{glossary link internal|rail|rails}} and their {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}}, into which balls are shot (pocketed or {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}}). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=(verb) To send a ball into a pocket, usually intentionally. }}
 
{{term|term= pocket speed |content=pocket speed {{anchor|pocket-speed|pocketspeed}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''pocket-speed'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Describes the propensity of {{glossary link internal|pocket|table pockets}} to more easily accept an imperfectly aimed ball shot at a relatively soft speed, that might not fall if shot with more velocity ("that ball normally wouldn't fall but he hit it at pocket speed"). The less sensitive to shot-speed that a pocket is, the "{{glossary link internal|fast|faster}}" it is said to be.<ref name="USOpen06"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Describes the velocity of an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} shot with just enough speed to reach the intended [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]] and drop. "Shoot this with pocket speed only, so you don't send the cue ball too far up-table." }}
 
{{term| pocket template }}
{{defn|1= A rigid, flat piece of material such as [[plastic]] that outlines the exact angles and curvature of the {{glossary link internal|knuckle|knuckles}} of the {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} at a {{glossary link internal|pocket}}, the width of their separation across the pocket opening (the {{glossary link internal|jaws}} of the pocket) and the depth into the jaws where the pocket drop is. The templates thereby determine the size and other playing aspects of the pocket. Such standardization is used especially in [[snooker]] and [[English billiards]], for which the [[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]] presently issues pocket templates.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}}. These [[Proprietary information|proprietary]] templates are tightly controlled, and only provided to approved venues and manufacturers. Each table requires two pairs of templates, as the specifications for {{glossary link internal|corner pocket|corner}} and {{glossary link internal|centre pocket|centre}} ({{glossary link internal|side pocket|side}}) pockets are entirely different.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}}<ref name="BCCSS">{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/staticFiles/40/8d/0,,13165~167232,00.pdf
|title=Rules of the Game of Snooker
|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->
|year=1995
|format=PDF
|publisher=British Columbia Cue Sports Society
|location=Surrey, BC, Canada
|accessdate=2011-12-25
|quote=There are four templates, two for the centre pockets and two for the end pockets. Each template is marked with authorization marks and date stamped. For tournament play the pockets need to be set to current standards.
}}</ref> For each pocket type, one template is used to determine pocket width and other horizontal aspects, while the other measures the {{glossary link internal|face}} of the cushions including any {{glossary link internal|undercut}}, the {{glossary link internal|fall}} of the pocket, and other vertical apsects.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} ''See also {{glossary link internal|racking template}}, {{glossary link internal|training template}}.'' }}
 
{{term| point }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A unit of scoring, in games such as [[snooker]] and [[straight pool]] with numerical scoring. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A unit of scoring, in team {{glossary link internal|match|matches}} in {{glossary link internal|league|leagues}} that use numerical scoring instead of simple {{glossary link internal|game}}/{{glossary link internal|frame}} win vs. loss ratios. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=Another term for {{glossary link internal|knuckle}} / {{glossary link internal|tittie}}. }}
 
{{term| pointing }}
{{defn|1= A term used to indicate balls that are frozen, or close enough that no matter from which angle they are hit from the combination will send the outer ball the same direction.
"Are the 2 and 7 pointing at the corner??  Okay, I'll use that duck to get position way over there." }}
 
{{term|term= pool glasses |content=pool glasses {{anchor|pool spectacles|pool specs}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''pool spectacles''', '''pool specs'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|billiards glasses}}.'' }}
 
{{term| pool glove }}
{{defn|1= A tight, [[Spandex]] glove covering usually most or all of the thumb, index finger and middle finger, worn on the {{glossary link internal|bridge hand}} as a more convenient and less messy alternative to using {{glossary link internal|talc|hand talc}}, and for the same purpose: a smooth-gliding {{glossary link internal|stroke}}. }}
 
{{term| pool shark }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|shark}} (in all senses).'' }}
 
{{term| position }}
{{defn|1= The placement of the balls, especially the cue ball, relative to the next planned shot. ''Also known as {{glossary link internal|shape}}.''<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|position play}}, {{glossary link internal|leave}}.'' }}
 
{{term| position play }}
{{defn|1= Skilled playing in which knowledge of ball speed, angles, post-impact trajectory, and other factors are used to gain {{glossary link internal|position}} (i.e. a good {{glossary link internal|leave}}) after the target ball is struck. The goals of position play are generally to ensure that the next shot is easy or at least makeable, and/or to play a {{glossary link internal|safety}} in the advent of a miss (intentional or otherwise).{{Further2|[[Cue sports techniques]]}} }}
 
{{term| pot }}
{{defn|no=1|1=(verb, chiefly British) To sink a ball into a [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]].<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|pocket}} (verb).'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=(noun, chiefly British) An instance of potting a ball ("it was a good pot considering the angle and distance of the shot"). }}
{{defn|no=3|1=(noun) Pooled money being played for in {{glossary link internal|money game|money games}} or tournaments, as in poker and other gambling activities.  This very old term derives from players placing their {{glossary link internal|stake|stakes}} into a pot or other receptacle before play begins. }}
 
{{term| pot and tuck }}
{{defn|1= A tactic employed in [[Blackball (pool)|UK eight-ball pool]] in which a player {{glossary link internal|call|calls}} and {{glossary link internal|pot|pots}} one of the balls in a favorably lying set, then plays safe, leaving as many of his/her well-placed balls on the table as possible, until the opponents commits a {{glossary link internal|foul}} or leaves a chance that the player feels warrants an attempt at {{glossary link internal|run out|running out}}. }}
 
{{term| potter }}
{{defn|1= A British term for someone with little experience or understanding of the game, who may be skilled at {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} individual balls but does not consider tactics such as {{glossary link internal|position}} or {{glossary link internal|safety}}; "he's a potter, not a player." ''Compare U.S. {{glossary link internal|banger}}.'' }}
 
{{term| potting angle }}
{{defn|1= The desired angle that must be created between the path of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} and the path of the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} upon contact to {{glossary link internal|pot}} the object ball. It is usually measured to the center of the {{glossary link internal|pocket}}. ''See also {{glossary link internal|aiming line}}.'' }}
 
{{term| power draw }}
{{defn|1= Extreme application of {{glossary link internal|draw}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| professional foul }}
{{defn|1= A deliberate {{glossary link internal|foul}} that leaves the balls in a {{glossary link internal|safe}} position, reducing the risk of giving a {{glossary link internal|frame}}-winning chance to the opponent. The [[Snooker rules#Miss|miss rule]] in [[snooker]] was implemented primarily to discourage the professional fouls. }}
 
{{term|term= professional side of the pocket |content=professional side of the pocket {{anchor|pro side of the pocket|professional side|pro side}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''pro side of the pocket'''; sometimes "of the pocket" is left off the phrase.}}
The {{glossary link internal|long rail|long-rail}} side of a {{glossary link internal|corner pocket}}.  To "aim for the profession side of the pocket" is to slightly {{glossary link internal|overcut}} a difficult corner-pocket {{cuegloss|cut shot}}, to {{cuegloss|cheat the pocket}}, rather than {{glossary link internal|undercut|undercutting}}, especially in [[nine-ball]]. Erring too much in this direction is "missing on the professional side of the pocket."  It is so called because experienced players understand that on a thin cut, overcutting the object ball to a corner pocket will far more often leave the object ball in an unfavorable position, i.e. along the {{glossary link internal|short rail}} for the incoming opponent than will an undercut, which often leaves the object ball sitting in front of or nearby the pocket it had been intended for on a miss.<ref>[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2007 WPBA Great Lakes Classic, second semi-final. Helena Thornfeldt vs. [[Ga-Young Kim]]. In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro Dawn Hopkins.</ref><ref name="MosconiCup">[[FSN New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[Mosconi Cup]] (August 21, 2007). Team USA members ([[Johnny Archer]] and [[Corey Deuel]]) vs. Team Europe members ([[Thomas Engert]] and [[David Alcaide]]). In-context commentary on rack 7 by pool pros [[Jim Wych]] and Jerry Forsyth: "You try and overcut it a little bit if you miss it...if you hit it thick you'll sell out...this is called missing it on the pro side."</ref><ref name="Cuetec">[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2007 Cuetec Cues 9-Ball Championship (aired on December 23, 2007), second semifinal: ([[Ga-Young Kim]] vs. [[Kelly Fisher]]). In context commentary by pool pro [[Ewa Mataya Laurance]].</ref>
 
By contrast, in [[eight-ball]], except when both players are shooting at the {{cuegloss|8 ball}}, the incoming player after a miss is shooting for different object balls, so this maxim does not apply, and the opposite may be good strategy as, if the object ball stays near the pocket through an undercut, it is advantageously positioned for a subsequent turn and may block the opponent's use of the pocket.<ref name="RGivens"/>}}
 
{{term|term= program |content=program {{anchor|programme|programs|programmes|programmed|the program|the programme|program, the|programme, the}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also (chiefly British) '''programme'''.''
''Short for {{glossary link internal|shot program}}.''<ref name="APTSA Rules"/> }}
 
{{term| push }}
{{defn|1=
1.&nbsp; ''Same as {{glossary link internal|push out}}.'' }}
{{defn|1=
2.&nbsp; ''Same as {{glossary link internal|push shot}}.'' }}
 
{{term| push out }}
{{defn|1= ''As an adjective or compound noun: '''push-out'''.''
A rule in many games (most notably [[nine-ball]], after and only after the break shot), allowing a player to "push out" the cue ball to a new position without having to contact any ball, much less pocket one or drive it to a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, but not counting any pocketed ball as valid (other foul rules apply, such as {{glossary link internal|double hit|double hits}}, {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratching}} the cue ball, etc.), with the caveat that the opponent may shoot from the new cue ball position or give the shot back to the pusher who must shoot from the new position.  In nine-ball particularly, and derived games such as [[seven-ball]] and [[ten-ball]], pocketing the {{glossary link internal|money ball}} on a push-out results in that ball being {{glossary link internal|spot (verb)|respotted}} (which can be used to strategic advantage in certain circumstances, such as when the break leaves no shot on the {{glossary link internal|ball-on}}, and failure to hit it would give the incoming player an instant-win {{glossary link internal|combination|combination shot}} on the money ball).{{Clarify|date=January 2009}}<!--If in nine-ball I pocket the 5 ball on a push-out, does it also get respotted, in Intl. Std. Rules? Yes or no, the glossary entry should say so.--> }}
 
{{term| push shot }}
{{defn|1= Any {{glossary link internal|foul}} shot in which a player's {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} stays in contact with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} for more than the momentary time commensurate with a {{glossary link internal|stroke|stroked}} shot.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|116}}<ref name="BCA"/> In the game of [[snooker]], it is considered a push if the [[Cue stick|cue]] strikes the cue ball more than once in a given shot (a {{glossary link internal|double hit}}) or if the cue stick, cue ball and {{glossary link internal|ball-on}} are all in contact together during a shot (if the cue ball and {{glossary link internal|object ball}} are {{glossary link internal|frozen}} together, special dispensation is given provided the cue ball is struck at a downward or otherwise "off" angle; that is, not directly into the line of the two balls).<!--Most of this snooker material needs to be moved to [[#double hit]], as it is not really relevant to this definition; need new defn. "2. In [[snooker]], same as {{glossary link internal|double hit}}."?  Or something.  It's clear that the UK usage overlaps the two distinct US terms.--> }}
 
{{term|term= put up money |content=put up money {{anchor|put up the money|put the money up|put it up}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=For a player to place money for a wager in an openly visible spot (typically on the hanging light above the [[Billiard table|table]], thus the origin of the phrase); this demonstrates that the money is actually present and obviates any need to demand its production from the loser's pocket.  "You want to play for 500? Put it up!" }}
{{defn|no=2|1=To stake a particular amount of money on a gambling player. "I'll put up another 2000, but you'd better win this time." }}
{{defn|no=3|1=On a coin-operated {{glossary link internal|bar table}}, to place one or more coins on the {{glossary link internal|rail}}, or on the {{glossary link internal|bed}} of the table under the {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, as a marker of one's place in line (UK: on queue) to play. "You didn't put your [[Quarter dollar|quarters]] up."  And alternative is to put one's name on a list, e.g. on a chalkboard. }}
 
{{term| pyramid }}
{{defn|no=1|1=The full fifteen ball set of [[Pocket billiards|pool]] or [[snooker]] {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} after being {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}}, before the {{glossary link internal|break}} shot ''(i.e., same as {{glossary link internal|rack}}, definition 2, and {{glossary link internal|triangle}}, defn. 2)''.  Chiefly British today, but also an American usage ca. [[World War I]].<ref
name="NYT19160901">{{cite journal
|work=[[New York Times]]
|title=Russian Game Popular: New Billiard Version Is Gaining Favor Among Manhattan Cuemen
|date=1916-09-01
|page=11
|publisher=[[New York Times Company]]
|location=[[New York, NY]]
|author=staff writers
|url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E7DF143BE633A25752C0A96F9C946796D6CF
}}</ref> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Also '''pyramids'''.''
The game of [[Russian pyramid]] or any related game. }}
 
{{term| pyramid spot }}
{{defn|no=1|1=In [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], ''same as {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}'': The {{glossary link internal|spot}} on which the {{glossary link internal|pyramid}} is {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}}. Chiefly British today, but also an American usage ca. World War I.<ref
name="NYT19160901"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[snooker]], ''same as {{glossary link internal|pink spot}}'':  The spot on which the {{glossary link internal|pink ball|pink ball is placed}}, in front of the pyramid.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180,&nbsp;194}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==Q==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= quadruple century |content=quadruple century {{anchor|quadruple-century|quadruple-century break|quadruple century break}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''quadruple-century break'''.''
''See {{glossary link internal|double century}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= quintuple century |content=quintuple century {{anchor|quintuple-century|quintuple-century break|quintuple century break}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''quintuple-century break'''.''
''See {{glossary link internal|double century}}.'' }}
 
{{glossend}}
 
==R==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| race }}
{{defn|1= A predetermined, fixed number of {{glossary link internal|game|games}} players must win to win a {{glossary link internal|match}}; "a race to seven" means whomever wins seven games first wins the {{glossary link internal|match}}.<ref name="BCA"/><ref name="USOpen06-3"/> ''See also {{glossary link internal|ahead race}} for a more specialized usage.'' }}
 
{{term|term= rack (noun) |content=rack (noun) {{anchor|rack|racks}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=A geometric form, usually aluminum, wooden or plastic, used to assist in setting up balls in games like [[eight-ball]], [[nine-ball]], and [[snooker]]. The rack allows for more consistently tight grouping of balls, which is necessary for a successful {{glossary link internal|break}} shot. In most games a triangle-shaped rack capable of holding fifteen balls can be employed, even if the game calls for racking less than a full ball set, such as in the game of nine-ball. ''For further information, see the [[Rack (billiards)]] main article.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Used to refer to a racked group of balls before they have been broken. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In some games, refers to a single {{glossary link internal|frame}}. }}
{{defn|no=4|1=Colloquial shorthand for "a set of [[Billiard balls|balls]]". }}
{{defn|no=5|1=Short for {{glossary link internal|cue rack}}, {{glossary link internal|wall rack}} or {{glossary link internal|scoring rack}} when such abbreviation would not be ambiguous. }}
 
{{term|term= rack (verb) |content=rack (verb) {{anchor|racking|racked}}}}
{{defn|1= The act of setting up the balls for a {{glossary link internal|break}} shot. In tournament play this will be done by the {{glossary link internal|referee}}, but in lower-level play, players either rack for themselves or for each other depending on convention. }}
 
{{term|term= racking template |content=racking template {{anchor|rack template}}}}
{{defn|1= An outgrowth of the {{glossary link internal|training template}} concept, a racking template is a {{glossary link internal|rack (verb)|racking}} tool used in place of a traditional rigid [[Rack (billiards)|ball rack]] for [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] or [[snooker]] balls, consisting of a very thin, e.g. {{convert|0.14|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010">{{cite web |url= http://www.magicballrack.com |title=Magic Ball Rack |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=MagicBallRack.com |publisher=Magic Ball Rack |location=<!--Unspecified and not available from whois records.--> |year=2010 |pages="FAQ", "Products", "Endorsed Pro" and other pages |accessdate=September 26, 2010}}</ref> sheet of material such as paper<ref name="troyroy78 2009">{{cite web |url= http://forums.azbilliards.com/showthread.php?t=155450 |title=Magic Ball Rack Introduction (Perfect Rack {{sic|Every|time|hide=y}}) |author="troyroy78" |publisher=AZBilliards, Inc. |location=[[Avondale, AZ]] |pages="Forums" section |date=September 8, 2009 |accessdate=September 26, 2010}}</ref> or plastic<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> with holes into which {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} settle snugly against one another to form a tight rack ({{glossary link internal|pack}}).  The template is placed, stencil-like, in racking position, with the lead ball's hole directly over the center of the {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}.  The balls are then placed onto the template and arranged to settle into their holes, forming a tight rack.  Unlike with a training template, the balls are not tapped to create divots, and instead the template is left in place until after the break shot at which time it can be removed (unless balls are still sitting on top of it).  Manufacturers such as Magic Ball Rack insist that racking templates are designed "to affect the balls to a minimum",<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> and while pro player [[Mika Immonen]] has endorsed that particular brand as a retail product,<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> as of September 2010, no professional tours nor amateur {{glossary link internal|league|leagues}} have adopted that or any other racking template.  Although Magic Ball Rack implies development work since 2006,<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> other evidence suggests invention, by Magic Ball Rack's founder, in mid 2009, with product announcement taking place in September of that year.<ref name="troyroy78 2009"/> }}
 
{{term|term= rail |content=rail {{anchor|cushions|cushion rail|cushion rails}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also (uncommonly) '''cushion rail'''.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}}
The sides of a table's frame upon which the elastic {{glossary link internal|cushions|cushion}} are mounted and in which the {{glossary link internal|diamond|diamonds}} ({{glossary link internal|sight|sights}}) are inlaid (on tables which possess them). The term often used interchangeably with {{glossary link internal|cushion}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| rake }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge}};'' so-called because of its typical shape. }}
 
{{term| rat in }}
{{defn|1= To pocket a ball by luck; "he ratted in the 9 ball"; usually employed disapprovingly. ''See also {{glossary link internal|slop}}.'' }}
 
{{term| rebound angle }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|angle of reflection}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= red ball |content=red ball {{anchor|red balls|red|reds|the reds|reds, the|redball|redballs|the red|red, the}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''red(s)''', '''the red(s)'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;In [[snooker]], any of the 15 balls worth 1 point each that can be potted in any order. During the course of a {{glossary link internal|break}} a player must first {{glossary link internal|pot}} a red followed by a {{glossary link internal|colour ball|colour}}, and then a red and colour, etc., until the reds run out and then the {{glossary link internal|re-spot|re-spotted}} six colours must be cleared in their order. Potting more than one red in a single shot is not a foul – the player simply gets a point for each red potted.  Red balls are never numbered "1" on their surface, even in (primarily American) sets in which the {{glossary link internal|colour ball|colours}} are numbered with their values. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], one of two {{glossary link internal|group|groups}} of seven {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} that must be potted before the {{glossary link internal|black ball|black}}. Reds are spotted before yellows, if balls from both group must be spotted at the same time. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|stripes}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|yellow ball}}''.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In [[carom billiards]], the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} that is neither player's {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. }}
 
{{term| referee }}
{{defn|1= The person in charge of the game whose primary role is to ensure adherence by both players to the appropriate rules of the game being played. Other duties of the referee include {{glossary link internal|rack|racking}} each frame, re-spotting balls during the course of a game, maintaining the equipment associated with the table (e.g. keeping the balls clean), controlling the crowd and, if necessary, controlling the players.  Formerly sometimes referred to as the {{glossary link internal|umpire}}. }}
 
{{term| re-rack }}
{{defn|no=1|1=In [[snooker]], the abandonment of a {{glossary link internal|frame}} upon agreement between the players, so that the balls can be set up again and the frame restarted with no change to the score since the last completed frame. This is the result of situations, such as trading of {{glossary link internal|containing safety|containing safeties}}, where there is no foreseeable change to the pattern of shots being played, so the frame could go on indefinitely. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[Pocket billiards|pool]], placing of the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} back in the rack, after a {{glossary link internal|foul}} {{glossary link internal|break}}. }}
 
{{term|term= respot |content=re-spot {{anchor|respot|re-respot|respots|re-spotted|respotted|re-spotting|respotting}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''respot'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;''Same as {{glossary link internal|re-spotted black}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|spot (verb)}}, sense 1 (pool) and sense 2 (snooker).'' }}
 
{{term|term= re-spotted black |content=re-spotted black {{anchor|respotted black|re-spot the black|respot the black|re-spotting the black|respotting the black}}}}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], a situation where the scores are tied after all the balls have been {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}}, and the {{glossary link internal|black ball}} is {{glossary link internal|spot (verb)|re-spotted}} and the first player to pot it wins. The players toss for the first shot, which must be taken with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} in {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the D}}. A {{glossary link internal|safety shot|safety}} battle typically ensues, until an error allows a player to pot the black, or a {{glossary link internal|fluke}} or a difficult pot is made. }}
 
{{term|term= rest |content=rest {{anchor|rests|rest stick|rest sticks}}}}
{{defn|1= [[File:Rests for cue sports.png|thumb|right|swan, spider and cross]]
A chiefly British term for a set of {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge|mechanical bridges}}. British-style rests differ from most American-style {{glossary link internal|rake}} bridges in shape, and take several forms: the {{glossary link internal|cross}}, the {{glossary link internal|spider}} and the {{glossary link internal|swan}} (or {{glossary link internal|goose neck}}), as well as the rarer and often unsanctioned {{glossary link internal|hook rest|hook}}. When used unqualified, the word usually refers to the cross. Rests are used in [[snooker]], [[English billiards]], and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]].<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}
 
{{term| reverse english }}
{{defn|1= {{glossary link internal|Side spin}} on the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} that causes it to unnaturally roll off a {{glossary link internal|cushion}} (contacted at an angle) ''against'' rather than ''with'' the ball's momentum and direction of travel. If angling into a cushion that is on the right, then reverse {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} would be right {{typo|english}}, and vice versa. The angle of deflection will be steeper (narrower) than if no {{typo|english}} were applied. The opposite of {{glossary link internal|running english|running {{typo|english}}}}, which has effects other than simply the opposites of those of reverse {{typo|english}}. }}
 
{{term| right }}
{{defn|1= ''Short for right {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} ({{glossary link internal|side}})'', i.e. {{glossary link internal|side spin}} imparted to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} by {{glossary link internal|stroke|stroking}} it to the right-hand side of its vertical axis. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|left}}.'' }}
 
{{term| ring game }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A style of game play in which as many players are allowed to join as the participants choose, and anyone can quit at any time.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|204}}  The term, most often used in the context of gambling, is [[Cash game|borrowed from poker]].  The folk games [[three-ball]] and [[Killer (pool)|killer]] are usually played as open ring games, as is [[Kelly pool]]. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=By extension, a multi-player game that anyone may initially join, but which has a fixed roster of competitors once it begins, is sometimes also called a ring game. [[Cutthroat (pool)|Cutthroat]] is, by its nature, such a game. A famous regular ring game event of this sort is the [[Grady Mathews]]-hosted six-player, $3000-buy-in ring [[ten-ball]] competition at the annual [[Derby City Classic]].<ref name="AZB4986">{{cite web
|url=http://www.azbilliards.com/2000storya.cfm?storynum=4986
|title=Van Boening Wins 10-Ball Ring Game
|author=<!--AZB staff writers, no specific by-line.-->
|work=AZBilliards.com
|date=January 5, 2008
|publisher=''op. cit''
|pages="Independent Event" section
|accessdate=May 24, 2008
}}{{dead link|date=October 2013}}</ref>}}
{{defn|no=3|1=A [[nine-ball]] ring game is played by more than two players and has special rules. Typically, the players choose a random method for setting the order of play, with the winner breaking. Safeties are not allowed and there are two or more {{glossary link internal|money ball|money balls}} – usually the five and nine.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008|comment=When sourced, this should be added to [[Nine-ball]] as a game variant, as requested at the article's talk page.}} }}
 
{{term|term= road map |content=road map {{anchor|roadmap|road-map}}}}
{{defn|1= A pool table spread in which the balls are extremely easily positioned for a run out, and where little movement of the cue ball on each shot is necessary to obtain position on the next.<ref>[[MSG Plus]] broadcast of day 3 of the 2008 [[Mosconi Cup]]. [[Mika Immonen]] vs. [[Rodney Morris]]. In-context commentary by pool pro [[Jerry Forsyth]] on rack 4: "What a beautiful layout for Immonen. He could not have asked for a better pattern to play. The first five balls are all down at the same end of the table; he doesn't need to make the cue ball do a lot of work; this is a road map". Rebroadcast on April 5, 2009</ref> }}
 
{{term| road player }}
{{defn|1= A highly skilled [[Hustling|hustler]] making money gambling while traveling.<ref name="Brandt"/> Fast Eddie Felson in ''[[The Hustler (novel)|The Hustler]]'' was a road player.  One of the most notorious real-life road players is [[Keith McCready]]. }}
 
{{term|term= rob |content=rob {{anchor|robbery|robbed|got robbed|been robbed|was robbed|were robbed|robbed, to be|rob, to|to rob}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1= (Transitive, "to rob") Playing an opponent for money who has a very low chance of winning based on disparity of skill levels. }}
{{defn|no=2|1= (Intransitive, "to be robbed") Usually unwittingly playing an opponent for money who has a very high chance of winning based on disparity of skill levels. }}
{{defn|no=3|1= (Intransitive, "to be robbed") Used humorously in exclamations when a shot that looks like it would work did not, as in "Oh! You got robbed on that one!" }}
 
{{term| rock }}
{{defn|1= Colloquial term for an unusually hard, heavy {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} made of [[ceramic]] instead of the [[phenolic resin]] or other modern, resilient plastics most [[billiard balls]] are made of. "Rock" cue balls are frequently found on older coin-operated {{glossary link internal|bar table|bar tables}} that do not have magnetic {{glossary link internal|ball return|ball-return}} mechanisms. As with oversized "{{glossary link internal|grapefruit}}" cue balls, the ball return works because the cue ball is considerably heavier than, and thereby distinguishable from, the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}}. Because of their brittle material, rocks wear out faster that normal cue balls, are prone to chippings, and due to their density also shorten the lifespan of the object balls and the cloth. Their weight has a strong effect on play, as they are difficult to {{glossary link internal|draw}} ({{glossary link internal|screw}}), {{glossary link internal|stop shot|stop}} and {{glossary link internal|stun}}, and generate a large amount of {{glossary link internal|smash-through}}, compared to standard and {{glossary link internal|magnetic cue ball|magnetic cue balls}}, but do not reduce {{glossary link internal|cut|cut shot}} accuracy like grapefruit balls. }}
 
{{term| rocking cannon }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Same as {{glossary link internal|chuck nurse}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= roll |content=roll {{anchor|good roll|bad roll|rolls|good rolls|bad rolls}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=Describes lucky or unlucky "rolls" of the cue ball; "I had good rolls all night; "that was a bad roll."<ref>[[ESPN Classic]] broadcast of 1995 Gordon's 9-Ball Championship (August 10, 2007), first semi-final. ([[Jeanette Lee (pool player)|Jeanette Lee]] (quoted) vs. [[Vivian Villarreal]]). In-context commentary by pool pro Vicki Paski on rack six: "there's good rolls and bad rolls..."</ref> However, when said without an adjective ascribing good or bad characteristics to it, "roll" usually refers to a positive outcome such as in "he sure got a roll".<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=The roll: ''same as the {{glossary link internal|lag}}''.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
 
{{term| roll-up }}
{{defn|1= A gentle tap of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} with the intention of getting it as tight as possible behind an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, in the hope of a {{glossary link internal|snooker}}. It is most common in the game of [[snooker]], and is often results in a {{glossary link internal|foul}} in many pool games, in which on every shot, after the cue ball has contacted a legal object ball (a {{glossary link internal|ball-on}}, then either any ball must contact a {{glossary link internal|cushion}} or any object ball must be {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}} ({{glossary link internal|pot|potted}}). A roll-up can be legal in such games when the object ball used for the tactic is very close to a cushion, so that either it or the cue ball lightly touch the cushion after ball-on-ball contact.<!--It's often called a "pussy safety" in Am. Eng., but that might not be encyclopedic. Not because it's vulgar, it just might be hard to source.--> }}
 
{{term| rotation }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Descriptive of any game in which the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} must be struck in numerical order.  Billiard researcher Mike Shamos observes that it would be more intuitive to call such games "'series' or 'sequence'". The term actually derives from the set-up of the game [[Chicago (pool)|Chicago]], in which the balls are not racked, but placed numerically around the table along the {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} (and must be shot in ascending order).<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|51, 205}}  Other common rotation games include [[rotation (pool)|pool]] (obviously), [[nine-ball]], [[seven-ball]], [[ten-ball]] }}
{{defn|no=2|1=The specific [[Pocket billiards|pool]] game of [[Rotation (pool)|rotation]]. }}
 
{{term| round }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A multi-{{glossary link internal|game}} division of a {{glossary link internal|match}}, as used in some league and tournament formats. For example, in a match between 2 teams of 5 players each, a 25-game match might be divided into 5 rounds of 5 games each, in which the roster of one team moves one line down at the beginning of each round, such that by the end of the match every player on team A has played every player on team B in {{glossary link internal|round robin}} fashion. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A level of competition elimination in a tournament, such as the quarterfinal round, semifinal round and final round. }}
 
{{term| round robin }}
{{defn|1= A tournament format in which each contestant plays each of the other contestants at least once.<ref name="BCA"/>  In typical {{glossary link internal|league}} team play, round robin format means that each member of the home team plays each member of the visiting team once.  This format is used by [[BCA Pool League|BCAPL]], [[Valley National 8-Ball League Association|VNEA]] and many other leagues.  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|one-on-one}}.'' }}
 
{{term| round the angles }}
{{defn|1= Describing a shot which requires one or more balls to be played off several {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}}, such as an elaborate {{glossary link internal|escape}} or a {{glossary link internal|position|positional}} shot; "he'll have to send the cue ball round the angles to get good position." }}
 
{{term| rubber match }}
{{defn|1= The deciding match between two tied opponents. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|hill-hill}}.'' }}
 
{{term| ruckus }}
{{defn|1= A British term (especially in [[snooker]]) for the {{glossary link internal|split|splitting}} of a group of balls when another ball is sent into them, typically with the intent of deliberately moving them with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} to {{glossary link internal|develop}} them. }}
 
{{term| run }}
{{defn|1= The number of balls {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}} in an {{glossary link internal|inning}} in [[Pocket billiards|pool]]  (e.g., a run of five balls), or points scored in a row in [[carom billiards]]  (e.g., a run of five points).<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|244}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''Compare British {{glossary link internal|break}} (sense 2), which is applied to pool as well as [[snooker]] in British English.'' }}
 
{{term| run out }}
{{defn|no=1|1=(verb) Make all of the required shots in a game without the opponent ever getting to the table or getting back to the table }}
{{defn|no=2|1=(noun) ''usually '''run-out''', sometimes '''runout''''') An instance of running out in a game. }}
 
{{term| run the table }}
{{defn|1= Similar to {{glossary link internal|run out}} (sense 1), but more specific to making all required shots from the ''start'' of a rack. ''See also {{glossary link internal|break and run}}, {{glossary link internal|break and dish}}.'' }}
 
{{term| running english }}
{{defn|1= {{glossary link internal|Side spin}} on the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} that causes it to roll off a {{glossary link internal|cushion}} (contacted at an angle) ''with'' rather than ''against'' the ball's natural momentum and direction of travel.<ref name="Brandt"/> If angling into a rail that is on the right, then running {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} would be left {{typo|english}}, and vice versa. The angle of deflection will be wider than if no {{typo|english}} were applied to the cue ball. But more importantly, because the ball is rolling instead of sliding against the rail, the angle will be more ''consistent''. For this reason, running English is routinely used.  Also called ''running {{glossary link internal|side}}'' in British terminology.  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|reverse english|reverse {{typo|english}}}}.'' }}
 
{{glossend}}
 
==S==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| safe }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Describing a ball that is in a position that makes it very difficult to {{glossary link internal|pot}}. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Describing a situation a player has been left in by the opponent, intentionally or otherwise, that makes it difficult to pot any {{glossary link internal|ball-on|balls-on}}.  ''See also {{glossary link internal|snooker}}''. }}
 
{{term| safety }}
{{defn|no=1|1=An intentional defensive shot, the most common goal of which is to leave the opponent either no plausible shot at all, or at least a difficult one. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A shot that is called aloud as part of a game's rules; once invoked, a safety usually allows the player to pocket his or her own object ball without having to shoot again, for strategic purposes. In games such as [[seven-ball]], in which any shot that does not result in a pocketed ball is a foul under some rules, a called safety allows the player to miss without a foul resulting. A well-played safety may result in a {{glossary link internal|snooker}}. }}
 
{{term| safety break }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|break|break shot}} in which the object is to leave the incoming player with no shot or a very difficult shot, such as is normally employed in the opening break of [[straight pool]].<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''Cf. {{glossary link internal|open break}}.'' }}
 
{{term| sandbag }}
{{defn|1= To disguise the level of one's ability to play in various ways such as using a {{glossary link internal|lemonade stroke}}; intentionally missing shots; making an uneven game appear "close"; purposefully losing early, inconsequential games. Sandbagging is a form of {{glossary link internal|hustle|hustling}}, and in {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicapped}} leagues, considered a form of cheating, as it is used to obtain a low handicap so that a skilled player can later use this rating to improper advantage in more important competitions. The term "sandbag" is often applied to other rated tournaments, including [[chess]] and [[Scrabble]]. ''See also {{glossary link internal|dump}} and {{glossary link internal|on the lemonade}}.'' }}
 
{{term| saver }}
{{defn|1= Same as {{glossary link internal|gapper}}<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term|term= scotch doubles |content=scotch doubles {{anchor|Scotch doubles|scotch-doubles|Scotch-doubles|scotch double|Scotch double}}}}
{{defn|1= A form of {{glossary link internal|doubles}} play in which the two team members take turns, playing alternating shots during an {{glossary link internal|inning}} (i.e. each team's inning consists of two players' alternating {{glossary link internal|visit|visits}}, each of one shot only, until that team's inning ends, and the next team begins their alternating-shot turn.)  Effective scotch doubles play requires close communication between team partners, especially as to desired cue ball position for the incoming player.  Like "{{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}}", "scotch" is usually not capitalized in this context.  The term is also used in [[ten-pin bowling|bowling]], and may have originated there. }}
 
{{term|term= score |content=score {{anchor|scores|scoring}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1= Verb: To earn one or more {{glossary link internal|point|points}} with one or more shots in an {{glossary link internal|inning}}, e.g. "scored 2 that round". }}
{{defn|no=2|1= Noun: The tally of a player's points, earned by shots and (in some games) awarded by opponent {{glossary link internal|foul|fouls}}, e.g. "had a score of 12 that game". }}
{{defn|no=3|1= Noun: The compared total of both (or in games with three or more participants, all) player's/team's points, e.g. "won by a score of 12 to 6". }}
 
{{term|term= scoreboard |content=scoreboard {{anchor|score-board|score board|scoreboards|score-boards|score boards}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''score-board''', '''score board'''.''
A usually wall-mounted device for keeping {{glossary link internal|score}} between two or more players in {{glossary link internal|point}}-based games or in {{glossary link internal|race|races}}.  The most common type, mostly used for [[snooker]] and [[straight pool]], consists of two or more pointers sliding on board-mounted rails to indicate 1s and 10s marked on the board. Some [[carom billiards]] clubs provide digital scoreboards for each table. Other scoring methods include wall-mounted {{glossary link internal|scoring rack|scoring racks}}, in-rail {{glossary link internal|scoring wheels}}, and over-table {{glossary link internal|scoring string|scoring strings}}. }}
 
{{term|term= scorekeeper |content=scorekeeper {{anchor|score-keeper|score keeper|scorekeepers|score-keepers|score keepers}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''score-keeper''', '''score keeper'''.''
Person who keeps score for others while they play. A designated scorekeeper is common in league play (often the team captain, or a player who is simply not playing at that moment) and in professional tournaments. A scorekeeper may also be used in high-stakes {{glossary link internal|money game|money games}}, as depicted in the film ''[[The Hustler (film)|The Hustler]]''. }}
 
{{term|term= scorer |content=scorer {{anchor|scorers}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|scorekeeper}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1= A scoring device, i.e. a {{glossary link internal|scoreboard}}, {{glossary link internal|scoring rack}}, {{glossary link internal|scoring string}}, and/or set of {{glossary link internal|scoring wheels}}. }}
 
{{term|term= scoring rack |content=scoring rack {{anchor|score rack|scoring racks|score racks|scoring-rack|score-rack|scorerack}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''score rack'''.''
A wall-mounted, usually wooden rack with several numbered shelves to hold each player's pocketed balls, used for keeping {{glossary link internal|score}} between players of games in which points are awarded by the numerical values on the balls. Scoring racks remain common in places where [[Rotation (pool)|rotation]] and related games are popular, e.g. Mexico, but are rare where these games have mostly died out.  Also known as a {{glossary link internal|counter rack}}. Sometimes ambiguously called a {{glossary link internal|wall rack}} or {{glossary link internal|ball rack}}. }}
 
{{term|term= scoring string |content=scoring string {{anchor|score string|scoring strings|score strings|score-string|scoring-string|scorestring}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''score string''' or (ambiguously) '''string'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|wire}}, sense 1.'' }}
 
{{term|term= scoring wheels |content=scoring wheels {{anchor|scoring wheel|score wheels|score wheel|scoring-wheels|score-wheels|scorewheels|scorewheel|score-wheels|scoring-wheels}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''score wheels'''.''
Rotating wheels, numbered 0–9 not unlike a multi-dial [[combination lock]], mounted into a {{glossary link internal|rail}} of the [[Billiard table]], and used for keeping {{glossary link internal|score}} between two or more players in {{glossary link internal|point}}-based games or in {{glossary link internal|race|races}}. They are typically a pair of wheels, representing 10s and 1s, for at least two players. Such wheels are sometimes also used to create wall-mounted {{glossary link internal|scoreboard|scoreboards}}. }}
 
{{term|term= scratch |content=scratch {{anchor|scratches|scratched|scratching}}}}
{{defn|1= {{glossary link internal|pocket|Pocketing}} of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, in [[pocket billiards]] games. In most games, a scratch is a type of {{glossary link internal|foul}}.<ref name="BCA"/> "Scratch" is sometimes used less precisely to refer to all types of fouls. ''See, more generally, {{glossary link internal|foul}}.'' }}
 
{{term| screw }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|draw}}'' (chiefly British). }}
 
{{term| scuffer }}
{{defn|1= An abrasive {{glossary link internal|tip tool}} used as a grinder to roughen the {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} to better hold {{glossary link internal|chalk}} after it has become hardened and smooth from repeated impacts with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}.  {{glossary link internal|tapper|Tappers}} serve the same purpose, but are used differently.  Similar to a {{glossary link internal|shaper}}, but shallower and less rough.
<!--==See==
To be able to clearly see the path to a pocket or object ball without any other obstacle interfering.  "The 3-Ball in hanging in the pocket, but I can't see it because the 9 ball in in my way."
 
Pending a source since this is jargon I've used and had used I cannot currently find a source for. --> }}
 
{{term| seeding }}
{{defn|1= The placement of player(s) automatically in a tournament where some have to qualify, or automatic placement in later rounds.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| sell out }}
{{defn|1= To bungle a shot in a manner that leaves the table in a fortuitous position for the opponent.<ref name="MosconiCup"/> ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|sell the farm}}''. }}
 
{{term| sell the farm }}
{{defn|1= To bungle a shot in a manner that leaves the table in such a fortuitous position for the opponent that there is a strong likelihood of losing the game or match.<ref name="Brandt"/> ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|sell out}}''. }}
 
{{term|term= semi-massé|semi-masse' |content=semi-massé {{anchor|semimassé|semi-massé shot|semimassé shot|semi-masse|semimasse|semi-masse shot|semimasse shot}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''semi-massé shot'''.''
A moderate curve imparted to the path of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} by an elevated hit with use of {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} ({{glossary link internal|side}}); or a shot using this technique. Also known as a {{glossary link internal|curve shot|curve}} (US) or {{glossary link internal|swerve shot|swerve}} (UK) shot. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|massé}}.'' }}
 
{{term| session }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Principally US:'' One or more {{glossary link internal|set|sets}}, usually in the context of gambling.  ''See also {{glossary link internal|ahead race}} (a.k.a. ahead session) for a more specialized usage.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Principally British:'' Any of a group of pre-determined {{glossary link internal|frame|frames}} played in a {{glossary link internal|match}} too long to be completed within a single day's play. A best of 19 frame match, for example, is generally played with two "sessions", the first composed of nine frames, the second of ten. This term is generally used only in the context of professional [[snooker]], as matches at the amateur level are rarely played over more than nine frames. Longer matches can be split into three or four sessions. }}
 
{{term| session to spare }}
{{defn|1= ''Principally British:'' In [[snooker]], if a player wins a {{glossary link internal|match}} without the need for the final session to be played (for example, if a player wins a best-of-25-{{glossary link internal|frame|frames}} match split into three {{glossary link internal|session|sessions}} – two sessions of eight frames and one of nine – by a margin of say, 13 frames to 3), then they are said to have won the match "with a session to spare". }}
 
{{term| set }}
{{defn|1= A predetermined number of games, usually played for a specified sum of money. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|race}} (a predetermined number of wins).''  Informally, '''sets''' may refer to gambling more generally, as in "I've been playing sets all day", even when the format is actually races or single games. }}
 
{{term|term= set up |content=set up {{anchor|set-up|setup|set ups|set-ups|setups|sets up}}}}
{{defn|1=
<!--WARNING! If order is changed, cross references here and elsewhere to specific definitions will need to be edited! I.e., DON'T CHANGE THE ORDER unless you have way too much time on your hands.-->
{{ghat|Usually '''set-up''' in non-verb form, sometimes '''setup''' in noun form particularly.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;(Of a player or referee) to place the balls (and other items, if applicable, such as {{glossary link internal|skittle|skittles}}) properly for the beginning of a game: "In eight-ball, properly setting up requires that the rear corners of the rack not have two stripes or two solids but one of each." For most [[pocket billiards]] games this is in a {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}} pattern, but the term is applicable more broadly than "rack", e.g. in [[carom billiards]] and in pocket games like [[bottle pool]]. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|layout}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=(Of the game equipment) arranged properly for the beginning of a game: "set up and waiting for the break", "an improper set-up" }}
{{defn|no=3|1=(Of a player, passively and specifically) to have good {{glossary link internal|shape}} – to be in a favorable position for making a shot or other desired play ("is set-up on the 9", "could be set-up for the corner-pocket after this shot") }}
{{defn|no=4|1=(Of a player, passively, generally, and chiefly US) to be in a favorable position for, and with a {{glossary link internal|layout}} conductive to, a long {{glossary link internal|run}} (UK: {{glossary link internal|break}}) or complete {{glossary link internal|run out|run-out}}: "a crucial miss that left his opponent really set-up"; ''compare (chiefly British) "{{glossary link internal|in the balls}}"'' }}
{{defn|no=5|1=(Of a player, actively) to use {{glossary link internal|position play}} to move one or more specific balls to specific locations with a specific goal in mind, usually {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketing}} ({{glossary link internal|pot|potting}}) a specific ball or getting an easy {{glossary link internal|out}}, but possibly a {{glossary link internal|safe|safety}}, {{glossary link internal|nurse}} or {{glossary link internal|trap shot}}; in short, to get {{glossary link internal|shape}}: "She set up on the 9-ball with a careful draw shot."  The meaning can be inverted to indicate poor play on the part of the other player: "Oops, I just set you up for an easy win when I missed like that." }}
{{defn|no=6|1=(Of a table {{glossary link internal|layout}}) comparatively easy to completely {{glossary link internal|run out}}, e.g. because of a lack of {{glossary link internal|cluster|clusters}} or {{glossary link internal|blocking ball|blocking balls}}: "looks like a nice set-up for a quick out", "this table's totally set up for you" }}
{{defn|no=7|1=(Of {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} position more specifically): having good {{glossary link internal|shape}} – comparatively easy to use to some advantage, such as continuing a {{glossary link internal|run}} (UK: {{glossary link internal|break}}) or playing {{glossary link internal|safe}}: "The cue ball's set up for an easy side pocket shot." }}
{{defn|no=8|1=(Of a shot or strategy) the result of {{glossary link internal|position play}} (careful or reckless): "Playing the 6 off the 8 was a great set-up to win", "That follow shot was a terrible set-up for the 6-ball." }}
{{defn|no=9|1=(Of a [[Hustling|hustler]]) to successfully convince a {{glossary link internal|fish}} that one is not a very skilled player and that gambling on a game will be a good idea: "That guy totally set me up and took me for $200."  Such a hustle is a ''setup'' or ''set-up''. }}
 
{{term| sewer }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|pocket}}; usually used in disgust when describing a {{glossary link internal|scratch}} (e.g., "the cue ball's gone down the sewer"). }}
 
{{term| shaft }}
{{defn|1= The upper portion of a {{glossary link internal|cue}} which slides on a player's {{glossary link internal|bridge hand}} and upon which the {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}} of the cue is mounted at its terminus.<ref name="BCA"/> It also applies to the main, unsegmented body of a {{glossary link internal|mechanical|mechanical bridge}}. }}
 
{{term| shape }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|position}}.'' "She got good shape for the next shot".  ''See also {{glossary link internal|position play}}, {{glossary link internal|leave}}.'' }}
 
{{term| shaper }}
{{defn|1= A highly abrasive {{glossary link internal|tip tool}} used to shape an unreasonably flat new {{glossary link internal|cue tip}}, or misshapen old one, into a more usable, consistently curved profile, most commonly the curvature of a nickel or dime (or equivalently sized non-US/Canadian coin) for larger and smaller pool tips, respectively. Similar to a {{glossary link internal|scuffer}}, but deeper and rougher. }}
 
{{term|term= shark |content=shark {{anchor|sharks|pool shark|pool sharks|poolshark|poolsharks|sharp|sharps|pool sharp|pool sharps|poolsharp}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''pool shark''', '''poolshark''' (US); '''sharp''', '''pool sharp''' (British)}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Verb: To perform some act or make some utterance with the intent to distract, irritate or intimidate the opponent so that they do not perform well, miss a shot, etc.<ref name="Brandt"/> Most league and tournament rules forbid blatant sharking, as a form of unsportsmanlike conduct, but it is very common in {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Noun: Another term for [[Hustling|hustler]].<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
{{defn|no=3|1=Noun: A very good player. This usage is common among non-players who often intend it as a compliment and are not aware of its derogatory senses (above).<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| sharp }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Same as {{glossary link internal|shark}} (senses 1, 2).'' The term appears in lyrics from ''[[The Mikado]]'' (1884) in relation to billiards, and developed from ''sharper'' (in use by at least 1681, but now obsolete) meaning "[[Hustling|hustler]]" but not specific to billiards.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|207–8}}  ''See also [[card sharp]] for more etymological details and sources.'' }}
 
{{term| short rack }}
{{defn|1= Any game which uses a rack composed of less than 15 balls.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| short rail }}
{{defn|1= Either of the two shorter {{glossary link internal|rail|rails}} on a standard [[Billiard table|pool, billiards or snooker table]]. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|side rail}}/{{glossary link internal|long rail}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= shortstop |content=shortstop {{anchor|short stop|short-stop|short stops|short-stops|shortstops}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''short stop''', '''short-stop'''.''
A second-tier professional who is not (yet) ready for World Championship competition.<ref name="BDECrack"/><ref name="NYTChicago">{{cite journal
|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F03E2DC1638E433A25755C1A9679C94699ED7CF |title=Chicago Billiards Tourney
|author=<!--staff writers, no by-line-->
|journal=[[New York Times]]
|date=1898-01-16
|page=4
|publisher=[[New York Times Company]]
|location=[[New York, NY]]
|accessdate=2008-08-15<!--The page at the URL says Jan. 16, but the article itself states Jan. 15.-->
}}</ref> It can also be applied by extension to a player who is one of the best in a region but not quite good enough to consistently beat serious {{glossary link internal|road player|road players}} and tournament pros. The term was [[Shortstop|borrowed from baseball]]. }}
 
{{term| shot }}
{{defn|1= ''Verb form: '''to shoot'''.''
The use of the [[Cue stick|cue]] to perform or attempt to perform a particular motion of balls on the table, such as to {{glossary link internal|pocket}} ({{glossary link internal|pot}}) an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, to achieve a successful {{glossary link internal|carom}} ({{glossary link internal|cannon}}), or to play a {{glossary link internal|safety}}. }}
 
{{term|term= shot for nothing |content=shot for nothing {{anchor|shot to nothing|shot-for-nothing|shot-to-nothing}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''shot to nothing'''.'' A predominantly British term for a shot in which a player attempts a difficult {{glossary link internal|pot}} but with {{glossary link internal|safety}} in mind, so that in the event of missing the pot it is likely that the opponent will not make a meaningful contribution, and will probably have to reply with a safety. The meaning refers to lack of risk, i.e. at no cost to the player ("for nothing" or coming "to nothing"). ''Compare {{glossary link internal|two-way shot}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= shot program |content=shot program {{anchor|shot programs|shot programme|shot programmes|shot-program|shot-programme|shotprogram|shotprogamme}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also (chiefly British) '''shot programme'''.''
The enumerated [[trick shot]]s that must be performed in the fields of [[artistic billiards]] (70 pre-determined shots) and [[artistic pool]] (56 tricks in 8 "{{glossary link internal|discipline|disciplines}}").<ref name="APTSA Rules">{{cite web
|url=http://www.thecuestick.com/artistic_pool_trick_shots/aptsa_rules.html
|title=APTSA Rules
|work=TrickShotProductions.com
|publisher=[[Artistic Pool & Trick Shot Association]]
|location=[[Watertown, Massachusetts|Watertown, MA]]
|year=2008
|accessdate=2008-08-27
}}</ref> }}
 
{{term| side }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Short for {{glossary link internal|side spin}}.''  In Canadian usage, the term is sometimes used as a verb, "to side". }}
 
{{term| side pocket }}
{{defn|1= One of the two {{glossary link internal|pocket|pockets}} one either side of a pool table halfway up the {{glossary link internal|long rail|long rails}}. They are cut shallower than {{glossary link internal|corner pocket|corner pockets}} because they have a 180 degree aperture, instead of 90 degrees. In the UK the term {{glossary link internal|centre pocket}} or middle pocket are preferred. }}
 
{{term| side rail }}
{{defn|1= Either of the two longer {{glossary link internal|rail|rails}} of a billiards or pocket billiards table, bisected by a {{glossary link internal|center pocket}} and bounded at both ends by a {{glossary link internal|corner pocket}}. Also called a long rail. }}
 
{{term|term= side spin |content=side spin {{anchor|side-spin|sidespin|side spun|side-spun|sidespun}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''sidespin''', '''side-spin''', '''side'''.}}
{{glossary link internal|Spin}} placed on the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} when hit with the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}} to the left or right of the ball's center; usually called {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} in American usage. ''See {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}}, in its narrower definition, for details on the effects of side spin.  See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= sight |content=sight {{anchor|sights}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British; same as {{glossary link internal|diamond}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= single-elimination |content=single-elimination {{anchor|singe elimination}}}}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Single elimination tournament}}
''Also '''single elimination'''.''
A tournament format in which a player is out of the tournament after a single {{glossary link internal|match}} loss.<ref name="BCA"/>  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|double-elimination}}.'' }}
 
{{term| sink }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|pocket}} (sense 2).'' }}
 
{{term| sink-in Shot }}
{{defn|1= Any shot that intentionally accounts for the elasticity of the cushions to allow a ball to bank past an otherwise blocking ball.  The moving ball will ''sink in'' to the cushion very near the blocking ball giving it sufficient space to get past it or {{glossary link internal|kiss}} off the back side of it. }}
 
{{term| sitter }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Same as {{glossary link internal|duck}}'', and stemming from the same obvious etymology. }}
 
{{term| skid }}
{{defn|1= ''British:'' ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cling}}, and {{glossary link internal|kick}}, sense 2.''  Noun, verb and rare adjective usage as per "cling". }}
 
{{term| skittle }}
{{defn|1= An upright pin, which looks like a miniature [[Ten-pin bowling|bowling pin]], [[cone (geometry)|cone]] or [[obelisk]]. Skittles, as employed in billiards games, have been so-called since at least 1634.<ref name="TIEOB"/> One standardized size, for the largely Italian and South American game [[five-pins]], is 25&nbsp;mm (1 in.) tall, with 7&nbsp;mm (0.28 in.) round bases,<ref name="UMB-5P-II-12-2">[http://www.umb.org/Rules/Carom_Rules.pdf ''World Rules of 5-pin Billiard''], Chapter II ("Equipment"), Article 12 ("Balls, Pins, Chalk"), Section 2; [[Union Mondiale de Billard]], [[Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium]], 1997 (official online PDF scan, accessed 11 March 2007)</ref> though larger variants have long existed for other games such as [[Danish pin billiards]]. Depending upon the game there may be one skittle, or several, and they may be targets to hit (often via a {{glossary link internal|carom}}) or obstacles to avoid, usually the former.  They are also sometimes called {{glossary link internal|pin|pins}}, though that term can be ambiguous. Because of the increasing international popularity of the [[Italy|Italian]] game [[five-pins]]), they are sometimes also known even in English by their Italian name, ''birilli'' (singular ''birillo'').  Skittles are also used as obstacles in some [[artistic billiards]] shots.  Flat, thin rectangular skittles, somewhat like large [[dominoes]], approximately 6&nbsp;in. tall by 3&nbsp;in. wide, and placed upright like an [[obelisk]]s on the table in specific spots, are used in the obsolescent and principally [[Australia]]n games [[devil's pool (billiards)|devil's pool]] and [[victory billiards]]. Depending upon the exact game being played, there may be one pin, or several of various colors (e.g. ten white and two black in devil's pool), and they may be targets or obstacles, most commonly the latter.<ref name="Aus. Rule Book">{{cite book
|title=Rule Book: Snooker, Devil's Pool, Billiards, American Pool, Eight Ball, Fifteen Ball, Continuous and Rotation Pool
|author=<!--Unspecified in book.-->
|location=[[Fortitude Valley, Queensland]]
|publisher=Webb & Sons
|year=2007 [orig. ca. 1950s?]
|pages=6–7
}} This appears to be a reprint of an older work, of unknown provenance, dating to the mid 20th century judging by its typeface and layout. It has also been reprinted, under a slightly different title, and again ca. 2007 by Australian gaming equipment dealer PowerPlay, but in an inferior pressing that makes parts of it illegible. The Webb edition was procured from NPC Amusements, 2008, Australia, and they may be the sole distributor, since the demise of PowerPlay.</ref> They are usually made of plastic, and are increasingly difficult to obtain, even from Australian billiards suppliers. A black obelisk skittle of this sort features prominently, as a particularly dire {{glossary link internal|hazard}}, in several scenes of [[Science fiction|sci-fi]]/pool film ''[[Hard Knuckle]]'' (1992, Australia).<ref name="Hard Knuckle">{{cite video
|people=[[Gary Day (actor)|Day, Gary]] (writer, supporting actor); [[Lex Marinos|Marinos, Lex]] (director); [[Steve Bisley|Bisley, Steve]] (lead role)
|date=1992
|title=Hard Knuckle
|medium=[[VHS]] ([[NTSC]])
|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0148256/
|publisher=[[Hemdale Film Corporation|Hemdale]]
|location=[[London]]
|accessdate=2008-02-01
|id={{UPC|732302715039}}
|time=<!--Various pool game scenes.-->
}}</ref> Skittles as used in billiards games date to [[ground billiards]] (13th century or earlier) played with a {{glossary link internal|mace}}, and hand-thrown games of [[bowls]] from at least the same era using the same equipment. Ball games using a recognizable form of skittle are known from as early as ca. 3300 [[Common Era|BCE]] in [[Ancient Egypt]].<ref name="Stein & Rubino 2008">{{Stein & Rubino 2008}} Many illustrations are provided.</ref>{{Rp|3–44}} }}
 
{{term| skunk }}
{{defn|1= During a {{glossary link internal|set}} if the opponent does not win a single game, they are said to have been skunked.<!--AFAIK this term derives from cribbage, the card game, though I am not certain the definition here is broad enough; I have heard the term used in a pool context within a single game, very often in fact, and it meant to lose, and to have had at least one shot, but failed to sink any of one's own balls.--> }}
 
{{term| slate }}
{{defn|1= The heavy, finely milled rock ([[slate]]) that forms the {{glossary link internal|bed}} of the table, beneath the {{glossary link internal|cloth}}. Major slate suppliers for the billiards industry are Italy, Brazil and China. Some cheaper tables, and novelty tables designed for outdoor use, do not use genuine slate beds, but artificial materials such as Slatrol. }}
 
{{term|term= slide |content=slide {{anchor|slides|sliding|slid|sliding ball}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also, '''sliding ball''' when used in gerund form.''
Describes a {{glossary link internal|cue bal|cue ball}} sliding on the {{glossary link internal|cloth}} without any {{glossary link internal|top spin}} or {{glossary link internal|back spin}} on it.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| slip stroke }}
{{defn|1= A stroking technique in which a player releases his gripping hand briefly and re-grasps the cue farther back on the {{glossary link internal|butt}} just before hitting the cue ball.<ref>{{cite book | author= Robert Byrne | title = Advanced Techniques in Pool and Billiards | publisher = [[Harcourt Trade Publishers]] | location = [[San Diego, California|San Diego]] | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-15-614971-0 | page = 37}} {{oclc|20759553}}</ref> See [[Cowboy Jimmy Moore]]; a well known practitioner of the slip stroke. }}
 
{{term| slop }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Also '''slop shot'''.'' A luck shot. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|fish}} and {{glossary link internal|fluke}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|mark}} (sense 3) and {{glossary link internal|call}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Also '''sloppy'''.'' Descriptive of any game where the rules have been varied to allow luck shots not normally allowed or where no {{glossary link internal|foul}} rules apply. }}
 
{{term| slop pockets }}
{{defn|1= Pocket openings that are significantly wider than are typical and thus allow shots hit with a poor degree of accuracy to be made that would not be pocketed on a table with more exacting pocket dimensions.<ref name="Cuetec"/> }}
 
{{term| slow }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Describes a [[billiard table]] with loosely woven, dirty, too-new or worn-out {{glossary link internal|cloth}} ([[baize]]), upon which the balls move<!--"Move" is used here on purpose, as it applies to sliding as well as rolling action.--> slower and shorter distances.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} ''See {{glossary link internal|table speed}} for more information.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Producing dull, sluggish action; said of {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}} or of the balls, in addition to the above, cloth-related definition.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|96}} }}
{{defn|no=3|1=Unusually rejecting of balls; said of [[Pocket (billiards)|pockets]]; ''see {{glossary link internal|pocket speed}} (sense 1) for more information''.
"{{glossary link internal|fast|Fast}}" is the direct opposite of "slow" in all of these usages. }}
 
{{term|term= small |content=small {{anchor|smalls|small ones|small balls|the smalls|smalls, the}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''smalls''', '''small ones''', '''small balls'''.''
In [[eight-ball]], to be shooting the solid {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of balls (1 through 7); "you're the small one" or "I've got the smalls". ''Compare {{glossary link internal|little}}, {{glossary link internal|solids}}, {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}, {{glossary link internal|low}}, {{glossary link internal|spot|spots}}, {{glossary link internal|dots}}, {{glossary link internal|unders}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|big}}.'' }}
 
{{term| smash-through }}
{{defn|1= The effect of shooting regulation-weight {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} with an old-fashioned over-weight {{glossary link internal|bar table}} {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, such that the cue ball moves forward to occupy (sometimes only temporarily), or go beyond, the original position of the object ball, even on a draw or stop shot, because the mass of the cue ball exceeds that of the object ball. Players who understand smash-through well can use it intentionally for position play, such as to nudge other object balls nearby the target ball. Smash-through also makes it dangerous in {{glossary link internal|bar pool}} (when equipped with such a cue ball) to pocket straight-on {{glossary link internal|duck|ducks}} with a {{glossary link internal|stop shot}} instead of by {{glossary link internal|cheat the pocket|cheating the pocket}} because of the likelihood of {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratching}} the cue ball.<ref name="RGivens"/> }}
 
{{term| snap }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|break}}, sense 1.''<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="tcom"/> }}
 
{{term|term= sneaky pete |content=sneaky pete {{anchor|sneaky Pete|sneaky petes|sneaky Petes|sneaky-pete|sneaky-Pete|sneakypete}}}}
{{defn|1= A two-piece [[Cue stick|cue]] constructed to resemble a {{glossary link internal|house cue}}, with a near-invisible wood-to-wood {{glossary link internal|joint}}.<ref name="Idiot"/>{{Rp|79}} The subterfuge often enables a [[Hustling|hustler]] to temporarily fool unsuspecting {{glossary link internal|fish}} into thinking that he or she is an unskilled {{glossary link internal|banger}} with no regard for finesse or equipment quality.  Many {{glossary link internal|league}} players also use cheap but solid sneaky petes as their {{glossary link internal|break}} cues. }}
 
{{term| snick }}
{{defn|1= A British term for a {{glossary link internal|pot}} that requires very fine contact between {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} and {{glossary link internal|object ball}}. ''See also {{glossary link internal|feather}}.'' }}
 
{{term| snooker }}
{{defn|no=1|1=(noun) The game of [[snooker]]. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=(verb) To leave the opponent (accidentally or by means of a {{glossary link internal|safety}}) so that a certain shot on a preferred {{glossary link internal|object ball}} cannot be played directly in a straight line by normal cueing. It most commonly means that the object ball cannot be hit, because it is hidden by another ball or, more rarely, the {{glossary link internal|knuckle}} of a {{glossary link internal|pocket}} (see {{glossary link internal|corner-hooked}}). It can also refer to the {{glossary link internal|potting angle}} or another significant point of contact on the object ball, blocking an otherwise more straightforward shot, even if an edge can be seen. A common related adjective describing a player in this situation is '''snookered'''. Also known as "{{glossary link internal|hook|to hook}}", for which the corresponding adjective "hooked" is also common. ''See also {{glossary link internal|free ball}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=3|1=(noun) An instance of this situation (e.g. "she's put him in a difficult snooker"). A player can choose a range of shots to get out of a snooker; usually a {{glossary link internal|kick shot}} will be implemented but {{glossary link internal|semi-massé|semi-massés}} are often preferred, and in games where it is not a {{glossary link internal|foul}}, {{glossary link internal|jump shot|jump shots}} may be employed that often yield good results for skilled players. "Snooker" is used loosely (when used at all; "hook" is favored) in the US, but has very specific definitions and subtypes (such as the {{glossary link internal|total snooker}}) in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]].<ref name="WEPFRules"/>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|safe}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= snooker spectacles |content=snooker spectacles {{anchor|snooker specs|snooker glasses}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''snooker specs''', '''snooker glasses'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|billiards glasses}}.'' }}
 
{{term| snookers required }}
{{defn|1= A phrase used in [[snooker]] to describe the scenario whereby there are not enough available points on the table to level the scores for the {{glossary link internal|frame}}, therefore the trailing player needs his/her opponent to {{glossary link internal|foul}} in order to be able to make up the deficit. The name comes from the fact that this would normally have to be achieved by placing the leading player in foul-prone situations such as difficult {{glossary link internal|snooker|snookers}}. }}
 
{{term| soft break }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|break shot}} in which the {{glossary link internal|rack}} ({{glossary link internal|pack}}) is disturbed as little as possible within the bounds of a {{glossary link internal|legal}} shot, in order to force the opponent to have to break it up further.  A soft break is desirable in some games, such as [[straight pool]], in which breaking is a disadvantage; and forbidden by the {{glossary link internal|open break}} rules of other games such as [[nine-ball]] and [[eight-ball]]. }}
 
{{term|term= solids |content=solids {{anchor|solid|solid ones|solid balls|the solids|solids, the}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''solid''', '''solid ones''', '''solid balls'''.''
The non-striped ball {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of a fifteen ball set that are numbered 1 through 7 and have a solid color scheme (i.e., not including the 8 ball). As in, "I'm solid", or "you've got the solids". ''Compare {{glossary link internal|low|lows}}, {{glossary link internal|small|smalls}}, {{glossary link internal|little|littles}}, {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}, {{glossary link internal|the spots|spots}}, {{glossary link internal|dots}}, {{glossary link internal|unders}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|stripes}}.'' }}
 
{{term| special average }}
{{defn|1= Abr. = SA, term from carom billiards. The number indicates the relation between the points and innings (points ÷ innings = SA) a player has made in a single match. E. g. 40 points in 10 innings is a SA of 4.000. Higher numbers indicate better players. see also {{glossary link internal|general average}} }}
 
{{term| speed }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A player's skill level (subjectively) or numerical {{glossary link internal|handicap}} (objectively).<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="Beenie"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Rapidity with which a ball, especially the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is rolling on the table. ''See also {{glossary link internal|pocket speed}} (sense 2), {{glossary link internal|speed control}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|pocket speed}} (sense 1)'' }}
{{defn|no=4|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|table speed}} ({{cuegloss|cloth speed}}).'' }}
 
{{term| speed control }}
{{defn|1= The use of the correct amount of {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} speed in {{glossary link internal|position play}} to achieve proper {{glossary link internal|shape}} for a subsequent shot.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|98, 102, 245}} }}
 
{{term|term= spider |content=spider {{anchor|spiders|spider rest|spider-rest|the spider|spider, the}}}}
{{defn|1= [[File:Hilfsqueue the spider.png|thumb|right|200px|Spider rest]]
''Also '''spider rest'''.''
A type of {{glossary link internal|rest}}, similar to a common American-style {{glossary link internal|rake}} {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge|bridge}} but with longer legs supporting the head so that the {{glossary link internal|cue}} is higher and can reach over and around an obstructing ball to reach the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. ''See also {{glossary link internal|swan}}.'' }}
 
{{term| spin }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Snooker effect.svg|thumb|left|200px|Basic {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} contact points on the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} to impart various forms of '''spin'''. Top spin is also known as {{glossary link internal|follow|follow}}, side spin as {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}}, and bottom spin as {{glossary link internal|back spin}}, {{glossary link internal|draw}} or {{glossary link internal|screw}}.]]
Rotational motion applied to a ball, especially to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} by the {{glossary link internal|cue tip|tip}} of the [[Cue stick|cue]], although if the cue ball is itself rotating it will impart (opposite) spin (in a lesser amount) to a contacted {{glossary link internal|object ball}}.  Types of spin include {{glossary link internal|top spin}}, {{glossary link internal|bottom spin|bottom}} or {{glossary link internal|back spin}} (also known as {{glossary link internal|draw}} or {{glossary link internal|screw}}), and left and right {{glossary link internal|side spin}}, all with widely differing and vital effects.  Collectively they are often referred to in American English as "{{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}}".  Its invention is credited to [[François Mingaud]]. ''See also {{glossary link internal|massé}}.''{{clear|left}} }}
 
{{term|term= split |content=split {{anchor|splits|splitting}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Also '''split shot''' and '''split hit'''.''  In pool, a type of shot in which two {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} are initially contacted by the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} simultaneously or so close to simultaneously as for the difference to be indistinguishable to the eye.<ref name="BCA"/> In most sets of rules it is a {{glossary link internal|foul}} if the split is one in which one of the object balls is a (or the only) legal target ({{glossary link internal|ball-on}}) and the other is not; however, such a split is commonly considered a legal shot in informal {{glossary link internal|bar pool}} in many areas if it is {{glossary link internal|call|called}} as a split and does appear to strike the balls simultaneously). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[pocket billiards|pool]], the degree to which {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}} balls move apart upon impact by the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} as a result of a {{glossary link internal|break shot}}. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In [[snooker]], a shot sending the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} into the {{glossary link internal|pack}} of {{glossary link internal|red ball|red balls}} and separating them (after {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} the {{glossary link internal|ball-on}}). At least one split is usually necessary in each {{glossary link internal|frame}}, since the original triangle of reds does not allow any balls to be potted reliably. }}
 
{{term|term= spot (noun) |content=spot (noun) {{anchor|spot|spots|the spot|spot, the}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=spot, a: In pool games such as [[nine-ball]], a specific {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicap}} given (e.g., "what spot will you give me?"). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=spot, a: In [[snooker]], any of the six designated points on the table on which a {{glossary link internal|colour ball}} is replaced after it has left the playing surface (usually after it has been {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}}). }}
{{defn|no=3|1=spot, a: An (often unmarked) point on the table, at the intersection of two {{glossary link internal|string|strings}}. ''See {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}, {{glossary link internal|head spot}}, {{glossary link internal|center spot}} for examples.'' }}
{{defn|no=4|1=spots: Alternate name for a table's {{glossary link internal|diamond|diamonds}} ({{glossary link internal|sight|sights}}).<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|245}} }}
{{defn|no=5|1=spot, the{{anchor|Spot ball|spot ball|Spotted ball|spotted ball}}: ''Also '''spot ball''', '''spotted ball''', '''the spot'''. In [[carom billiards]] and [[English billiards]], the second player's {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, which for the shooting player is another {{glossary link internal|object ball}} along with {{glossary link internal|red ball|the red}}.  ''Contrast the {{glossary link internal|white ball}}, the starting player's cue ball.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
{{defn|no=6|1=spots:{{anchor|Spot balls|spot balls|Spotted balls|spotted balls|Spots|spots|the Spots|the spots|The Spots}} ''Also '''spot balls''', '''spotted balls''', '''the spots'''.'' ''Chiefly British.'' In a numbered pool ball set, the {{glossary link internal|group}} of seven balls, other than {{glossary link internal|black ball|the black}}, that are a solid colour with the number on the ball inside a small white spot on the otherwise solid-coloured surface. ''Also referred to as {{glossary link internal|solids}}; chiefly American colloquialisms are {{glossary link internal|low|lows}}, {{glossary link internal|little|littles}} and {{glossary link internal|small|smalls}}, while alternative British terms include {{glossary link internal|dots}} and {{glossary link internal|unders}}. Contrast {{glossary link internal|stripes}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=7|1=spot, the: ''Short for {{glossary link internal|black spot}}.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} }}
 
{{term|term= spot (verb) |content=spot (verb) {{anchor|spotting|spotted|to spot|spot, to}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=In pool, return an illegally pocketed object ball to the table by placement on the {{glossary link internal|foot spot}} or as near to it as possible without moving other balls (in ways that may differ from ruleset to ruleset).<ref name="BCA"/> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[snooker]], to return a {{glossary link internal|colour ball}} to its designated spot on the table. Also called re-spot. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=In [[nine-ball]], the giving of a {{glossary link internal|handicap}} to the opponent where they can also win by making a ball or balls other than the 9 ball (e.g. "she spotted me the seven ball"). }}
{{defn|no=4|1= In [[eight-ball]], [[one-pocket]] and [[straight pool]], the giving of a handicap to the opponent where they have to make fewer balls than their opponent does. }}
{{defn|no=5|1= In some variants of pool, to place the cue ball on the {{glossary link internal|head spot}} or as near to it as possible inside {{glossary link internal|kitchen|the kitchen}}/{{glossary link internal|baulk}}, after the opponent has {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratched}}. }}
 
{{term| spot shot }}
{{defn|1= The situation arising in many pool games where a ball is spotted to the table's {{glossary link internal|foot spot}} or some other specific location and the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} must be shot from the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}} or {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}}. There are {{glossary link internal|diamond system}} aiming techniques for pocketing such shots without {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratching}} the cue ball into a [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]].<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|238}} }}
 
{{term|term= spot stroke |content=spot stroke {{anchor|spot-stroke|spotstroke|spot hazard|spot-hazard}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''spot-stroke''', '''spot hazard'''.''  A form of {{glossary link internal|nurse|nurse shot}} in [[English billiards]], in which the {{glossary link internal|red ball}}, which must be {{glossary link internal|spot (verb)|spotted}} to a specific location after every time it is {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}} before another shot is taken, is potted in such as way as to leave the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} in {{glossary link internal|position}} to repeat the same shot, permitting a skilled player to rack up many {{glossary link internal|point|points}} in a single {{glossary link internal|break}} of shots in one {{glossary link internal|visit}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|238}} }}
 
{{term| squeeze shot }}
{{defn|1= Any shot in which the cue ball or an object ball has to squeeze by (just miss with almost no margin for error) another ball or balls in order to reach its intended target.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|245}}{{Clarify|date=September 2008|reason=Shamos 1999 provides other definitions, and "squeeze cannon" should be addressed too.}} }}
 
{{term| squirt }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|deflection}}.''<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
 
{{term| stake }}
{{defn|no=1|1= (noun) A player's wager in a {{glossary link internal|money game}}. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|pot}}, definition 3.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1= (verb) To provide part or all of a player's stake for a [[gambling]] session in which one is not a player,<ref name="TIEOB"/> i.e. to be a {{glossary link internal|stakehorse}} for the player. ''Same as {{glossary link internal|back}}.'' }}
 
{{term| stakehorse }}
{{defn|1= One who {{glossary link internal|stake|stakes}} (monetarily backs) a [[gambling]] player; a.k.a {{glossary link internal|backer}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>  "Stakehorse" can also be used as a verb.<ref name="tcom"/> }}
 
{{term|term= stall |content=stall {{anchor|stalls|stalled|stalling|on the stall|stall, on thes|staller}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=To intentionally hide one's "{{glossary link internal|speed}}" (skill); "he's on the stall."<ref>{{cite journal | last = Geffner | first = Mike | title = Hard Times for 'The Kid' | journal = Billiards Digest | volume =  21| issue =  3 | pages = 46–50 | id = [[ISSN]] 0164-761X |date=February 1999}}</ref> }}
{{defn|no=2|1=To intentionally play slowly so as to irritate one's opponent. This form of {{glossary link internal|shark|sharking}} has been eliminated from many tournaments with a shot clock, and from many leagues with time-limit rules. }}
 
{{term| stance }}
{{defn|1= A shooter's body position and posture during a shot.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|246}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{glossary link internal|cue action}}.'' }}
 
{{term| stay shot }}
{{defn|1= In the UK, a long-distance shot played to {{glossary link internal|pot}} a ball close to a {{glossary link internal|pocket}} with heavy {{glossary link internal|top spin}}, so that when the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} hits the {{glossary link internal|cushion}} it bounces off but then stops due to the counteraction of the spin. It is not common in competitive play, being more of an exhibition shot. }}
 
{{term| steering }}
{{defn|1= The lamentable practice of not following through with the {{glossary link internal|cue}} straight, but veering off in the direction of the shot's travel or the side {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} is applied, away from the proper aiming line; a common source of missed shots. }}
 
{{term| stick }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cue}}.'' }}
 
{{term| stop shot }}
{{defn|1= Any shot where the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} stops immediately after hitting an {{glossary link internal|object ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/>  Generally requires a {{glossary link internal|full}} hit.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|137, 246}} }}
 
{{term|term= straight eight |content=straight eight {{anchor|straight-eight|straight 8 straight-8|straight eight-ball|straight 8-ball|straight eightball|straight 8ball}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''straight eight-ball'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|bar pool}}.''  Not to be confused with the games of [[straight pool]] or [[Balkline and straight rail|straight rail]]. }}
 
{{term| straight up }}
{{defn|1= To play even; without a {{glossary link internal|handicap}}. Also called heads up. }}
 
{{term| string }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A (usually unmarked) line running across the table between one {{glossary link internal|diamond}} and its corresponding diamond on the opposite {{glossary link internal|rail}}. ''See also {{glossary link internal|head string}}, {{glossary link internal|foot string}}, {{glossary link internal|long string}} for examples.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|scoring string}}, a.k.a. {{glossary link internal|wire}} sense 2.'' Can be used as a verb, as in "string that point for me, will you?" }}
{{defn|no=3|1=A successive series of wins, e.g. of {{glossary link internal|game|games}} or {{glossary link internal|frame|frames}} in a {{glossary link internal|match}} or {{glossary link internal|race}}. }}
{{defn|no=4|1={{anchor|stringing|Stringing}}''Chiefly British; same as {{glossary link internal|lag}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=5|1=A metaphor for precise control, as in {{glossary link internal|having the cue ball on a string|Having the cue ball on a string}}. }}
 
{{term|term= string-off |content=string-off {{anchor|string off|stringing off|stringoff|strung off|strung-off|strungoff|stringing-off|strings off}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''string off'''.'' ''Obsolete:''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|string}}, sense 4, and {{glossary link internal|lag}}.''<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
 
{{term|term= stripes |content=stripes {{anchor|stripe|striped ones|striped balls|the stripes|stripes, the}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''striped ones''', '''striped balls'''.''
The ball {{glossary link internal|suit}} ({{glossary link internal|group}}) of a fifteen ball set that are numbered 9 through 15 and have a wide colored bar around the middle. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|big|bigs}}, {{glossary link internal|high|highs}}, {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{glossary link internal|overs}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|solids}}.'' }}
 
{{term| stroke }}
{{defn|no=1|1=The motion of the cue stick and the player's arm on a shot;<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|246}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=The strength, fluidity and finesse of a player's shooting technique; "she has a good stroke." }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''See {{glossary link internal|in stroke|In stroke}}'': A combination of finesse, good judgement, accuracy and confidence. }}
 
{{term| stroke, catch a }}
{{defn|1= To suddenly be {{glossary link internal|in stroke}} after poor prior play; "she caught a stroke." }}
 
{{term| stroke, to be in }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|in stroke|In stroke}}''. }}
 
{{term| stun run-through }}
{{defn|1= A shot played with {{glossary link internal|stun shot|stun}}, but not quite enough to completely stop the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, allowing for a little {{glossary link internal|follow}}. It is played so that a {{glossary link internal|follow shot}} can be controlled more reliably, with a firmer strike than for a slow roll. It is widely considered as one of the most difficult shots in the game to master, but an excellent weapon in a player's armory once it has been. }}
 
{{term| stun shot }}
{{defn|1= A shot where the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} has no {{glossary link internal|top spin}} or {{glossary link internal|back spin}} on it when it impacts an object ball, and "stuns" out along the {{glossary link internal|tangent line}}. Commonly shortened to just "stun." }}
 
{{term| sucker shot }}
{{defn|1= A shot that only a novice or fool would take. Usually because it is a guaranteed {{glossary link internal|scratch}} or other {{glossary link internal|foul}}, or because it has a low percentage of being pocketed and is likely to leave the opponent in good position. }}
 
{{term| suit }}
{{defn|1= A (principally American) term in [[eight-ball]] for either of the set of seven balls ({{glossary link internal|stripes}} or {{glossary link internal|solids}}) that must be cleared before {{glossary link internal|sink|sinking}} the 8 ball. Borrowed from [[card game]]s. Generally used in the generic, especially in rulesets or articles, rather than colloquially by players. ''See also {{glossary link internal|group}} for the British equivalent.'' }}
 
{{term| surgeon }}
{{defn|1= A player skilled at very thin {{glossary link internal|cut shot|cut shots}}, and shots in which a ball must pass cleanly through a very narrow space (such as the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} between two of the opponent's {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} with barely enough room) to avoid a foul and/or to pocket a ball.<ref>[[FSN New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[World Cup of Pool]], third quarter-final. Team USA ([[Earl Strickland]] and [[Rodney Morris]]) vs. Team Hong Kong ([[Lee Chenman]] and [[Kong Man-ho]]). In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro [[Kim Davenport]].</ref> Such shots may be referred to as "surgery", "surgical shots", "surgical cuts", etc. (chiefly US, colloquial). ''See also {{glossary link internal|feather}} (US) or {{glossary link internal|snick}} (UK).'' }}
 
{{term|term= swan |content=swan {{anchor|swans|swan rest|swan-rest|swan|the swan|swan, the}}}}
{{defn|1= [[File:Hilfsqueue the swan.png|thumb|right|200px|Swan rest]]
''Also '''swan rest'''.''
A type of {{glossary link internal|rest}}, similar to a {{glossary link internal|spider}} in that the head is raised by longer supporting legs, but instead of a selection of grooves on the top for the {{glossary link internal|cue}} to rest in there is only one, on the end of an overhanging neck, so that a player can get to the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} more easily if the path is blocked by two or more obstructing balls. Also known as the {{glossary link internal|goose neck}}<ref name="WEPFRules">[http://www.wepf.org/WEPF%20Rules%202009%20poster.pdf "World Eight-ball Pool Federation Eight-ball Rules"], 2004, Perth, WA, Australia</ref> }}
 
{{term| sweaters }}
{{defn|1= Those who are {{glossary link internal|stakehorse|stakehorsing}} a match or have side bets on it and are "sweating the {{glossary link internal|action}}",<ref name="USOpen06"/> i.e. nervous about its outcome. }}
 
{{term| swerve }}
{{defn|1= An unintentional and often barely perceptible curve imparted to the path of the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} from the use of {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} without a level {{glossary link internal|cue}}. Not to be confused with a {{glossary link internal|swerve shot}}. }}
 
{{term| swerve shot }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|semi-massé}}.''  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|curve shot}}.'' }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==T==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| table cloth }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cloth}}.'' }}
 
{{term| table roll }}
{{defn|1= A flaw in the table, such as lack of leveling, loose {{glossary link internal|cloth}} at the {{glossary link internal|fall}} of a {{glossary link internal|pocket}}, a divot in the {{glossary link internal|bed}}, etc., that causes a ball, especially a slow-moving one, to not roll or settle as expected. }}
 
{{term|term= table scratch |content=table scratch {{anchor|table scratches|table-scratch|tablescratch|table-scratches|table-scratched}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=Failure to hit any legal {{glossary link internal|object ball}} at all with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. In most sets of rules, this is a {{glossary link internal|foul}} like any other. However, in some variants of {{glossary link internal|bar pool}} a table scratch while shooting for the {{glossary link internal|8 ball|8 ball}} is a loss of game where other more minor fouls might not be, as is {{glossary link internal|scratch|scratching}} on the 8 ball (neither result in a loss of game in professional and most amateur league rules). }}
{{defn|no=2|1=By way of drift from the above definition, the term is also applied by many league players to the foul in more standardized rules of failing to drive a (any) ball to a {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, or to {{glossary link internal|pocket}} a legal object ball, after the cue ball's initial contact with an object ball. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=Uncommonly, and by way of entirely different derivation ("scratch off the table"), it can also mean knocking the cue ball (or more loosely, any ball) completely off the table. }}
 
{{term|term= table speed |content=table speed {{anchor|table speeds|table-speed|tablespeed}}}}
{{defn|1= Subjective assessment of the rapidity with which balls most on the [[billiard table]]'s {{glossary link internal|cloth}} ([[baize]]). Balls roll faster and farther on "{{glossary link internal|fast}}" tables with tighly-woven, broken-in, clean cloth as they experience less friction than with "{{glossary link internal|slow}}" cloth that is dirty or is fuzzy because of a loose weave and cheap material or because it is wearing out. The terms may be used comparatively, as in "this is a really fast table", or "I don't like cloth this slow". Fast cloth can make {{glossary link internal|draw}} ({{glossary link internal|screw}}) shots somewhat less effective, as there is less purchase for the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}'s {{glossary link internal|back spin}}. On the other hand, {{glossary link internal|slide}} and {{glossary link internal|stop shot|stop shots}} are easier on fast cloth because it is so comparatively smooth.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}}. Sometimes called {{glossary link internal|cloth speed}}. }}
 
{{term|term= talc |content=talc {{anchor|hand talc|talcum|talcum powder|hand-talc}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''hand talc'''.''
White [[talcum powder]] placed on a player's {{glossary link internal|bridge hand}} to reduce moisture so that a [[Cue stick|cue]]'s {{glossary link internal|shaft}} can slide more easily. Many establishments do not provide it as too many recreational players will use far more than is necessary and transfer it all over the table's surface, the floor, furniture, etc. Venues that do provide it usually do so in the form of compressed cones about 6–inches tall.  Some serious players bring their own, in a bottle or a porous bag that can be patted on the bridge hand.  Many players prefer a {{glossary link internal|pool glove}}.  Talc is frequently mistakenly referred to as "{{glossary link internal|hand chalk}}", despite not being made of [[chalk]]. }}
 
{{term| tangent line }}
{{defn|1= The imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the impact line between the cue ball and an object ball. The cue ball will travel along this line after impact with an object ball if it has no vertical spin on it (is sliding) at the moment of impact on a non-center-to-center collision. ''See also {{glossary link internal|stun shot}}.'' }}
 
{{term| taper }}
{{defn|1= The profile of the shaft of the cue as it increases in diameter from the tip to the joint. A "fast" or "slow" taper refers to how quickly the diameter increases. A "pro" taper describes a shaft that tapers rapidly from the joint size to the tip size so as to provide a long, untapered stroking area. }}
 
{{term| tapper }}
{{defn|1= A {{glossary link internal|tip tool}} with fine, sharp points used to roughen the {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} to better hold {{glossary link internal|chalk}} after it has become hardened and smooth from repeated impacts with the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}.  Tappers are firmly tapped on or pressed against the tip. {{glossary link internal|scuffer|Scuffers}} serve the same purpose, but are used differently. }}
 
{{term| template }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''See {{glossary link internal|pocket template}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''See {{glossary link internal|racking template}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''See {{glossary link internal|training template}}.'' }}
 
{{term| thin }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|overcut}}.'' }}
 
{{term| three-foul rule }}
{{defn|1= The three-foul rule describes a situation in which a player is assessed a defined penalty after committing a third successive foul. The exact penalty, its prerequisites and whether it is in place at all, vary depending on the games. In [[nine-ball]] and [[straight pool]], a player must be the told he is on two fouls in order to transgress the rule, and if violated, results in a loss of game for the former and a special point penalty of a loss of fifteen points (plus one for the foul itself) in the latter together with the ability to require the violator to rerack and rebreak. In [[Irish standard pool]] and [[English billiards]], it is a loss of game if a player commits a third foul while shooting at {{glossary link internal|black ball|the black}}. In [[snooker]], three successive fouls from a non-{{glossary link internal|snooker|snookered}} position result in forfeiting the frame. Repeat fouls from a snookered position are quite common – [[Dave Harold]] holds the record in a competitive match, missing the same shot 14 successive times. }}
 
{{term| throw }}
{{defn|1= The normal phenomenon where the object ball is pushed in a direction very slightly off the pure contact angle between the two balls. Caused by the friction imparted by the first ball sliding past or rotating against the other ball.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| tickie }}
{{defn|1= A shot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is driven first to one or more {{glossary link internal|rail|rails}}, then hits an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} and {{glossary link internal|kiss|kisses}} back to the last rail contacted. It is a common shot in carom games, but can be applied to such an instance in any relevant cue sport. }}
 
{{term| tied up }}
{{defn|1= Describing a ball that is {{glossary link internal|safe}} because it is in close proximity to one or more other balls, and would need to be {{glossary link internal|develop|developed}} before it becomes {{glossary link internal|pot|pottable}}. }}
 
{{term| tight }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Describing a situation where a {{glossary link internal|pot}} is made more difficult, either by a {{glossary link internal|pocket}} being partially blocked by another ball so that not all of it is available, or the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} path to the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object ball's}} {{glossary link internal|potting angle}} involves going past another ball very closely. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=Describing pockets that are themselves narrower than average, making for a more challenging table. }}
 
{{term| time shot }}
{{defn|1= Any shot in which the cue ball moves another ball to a different position and then rebounds from one or more rails to contact the object ball again (normally in an attempt to {{glossary link internal|pocket}} it or score a {{glossary link internal|billiard}}).<ref name="BCA"/> }}
 
{{term| timing }}
{{defn|1= The ease with which a player is generating {{glossary link internal|cue power}}, due to well-timed acceleration of the {{glossary link internal|cue}} at the appropriate point in a shot. }}
 
{{term| tip }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|cue tip}}.'' }}
 
{{term| tip clamp }}
{{defn|1= A small clamping {{glossary link internal|tip tool}} used to firmly hold and apply pressure to a replacement {{glossary link internal|cue tip}} until the glue holding the tip to the {{glossary link internal|ferrule}} has fully dried. }}
 
{{term|term= tip tool |content=tip tool {{anchor|tip tools|tip-tool|tip-tools|tiptool|tiptools}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''tiptool''', '''tip-tool'''.''
Any of a class of maintenance tools for {{glossary link internal|cue tip|cue tips}}, including {{glossary link internal|shaper|shapers}}, {{glossary link internal|scuffer|scuffers}}, {{glossary link internal|mushroom trimmer|mushroom trimmers}}, {{glossary link internal|tapper|tappers}}, {{glossary link internal|burnisher|burnishers}} and {{glossary link internal|tip clamp|tip clamps}}. Road, league and tournament players often carry an array of tip tools in their cases. The term is not applied to {{glossary link internal|chalk|cue chalk}}. }}
 
{{term|term= titty |content=titty {{anchor|tittie|titties}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''tittie'''; plural '''titties'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|knuckle}}.''  By analogy to the [[human breast]]. }}
 
{{term|term= titty-hooked |content=titty-hooked {{anchor|titty hooked|tittyhooked|tittie-hooked|tittie hooked|tittiehooked|titty-hook|titty hook|tittyhook|tittie-hook}}{{anchor|tittie hook|tittiehook}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''tittie-hooked'''.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|corner-hooked}}.'' }}
 
{{term| top }}
{{defn|no=1|1=''Chiefly British:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] in which the {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} are {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}} (in games in which racked balls are used). This usage is conceptually opposite that in North America, where this end of the table is called the {{glossary link internal|foot}}.  In [[snooker]], this is where the {{glossary link internal|red ball|red}}s are racked, nearest the {{glossary link internal|black ball|black}} {{glossary link internal|spot}}; this is the area in which most of the game is usually played. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|bottom}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Chiefly American:'' Exactly the opposite of the British usage above – the {{glossary link internal|head}} end of the table.  No longer in common usage. }}
{{defn|no=3|1=''Short for {{glossary link internal|top spin}}, i.e. same as {{glossary link internal|follow}}''. }}
 
{{term| top cushion }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' The {{glossary link internal|cushion}} on the {{glossary link internal|top rail}}.    ''Compare {{glossary link internal|foot cushion}} (U.S.); contrast {{glossary link internal|bottom cushion}}.'' }}
 
{{term| top-of-the-table play}}
{{defn|1= This technique involves all three balls being grouped in close proximity at the top end of the table and scoring with a succession of short range pots and cannons.  A typical starting point is with the red placed on its spot, object white on or near the centreline somewhere between the spot and the top cushion, and the cueball posed nearby to pot the red or make a gentle cannon.  If the pot, then it should be played so as to leave the cueball in a good position for the next shot.  If the cannon, then the purpose is to disturb the object white as little as possible and finish clear to pot the red which has been left near the corner pocket.  Then in potting the red the cueball must again be elft in a good position for the next shot, and so on.  This form of play makes it possible to compile really big breaks in relatively short time. }}
 
{{term| top rail }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' The {{glossary link internal|rail}} at the {{glossary link internal|top|Top}} of the [[Billiard table|table]].  ''Compare {{glossary link internal|foot rail}} (U.S.); contrast {{glossary link internal|bottom rail|Bottom rail}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= top spin |content=top spin {{anchor|topspin|top-spin|top spun|topspun|top-spun}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''topspin''', '''top-spin''', '''top'''.}}
''Same as {{glossary link internal|follow}}. Contrast {{glossary link internal|bottom spin}}, {{glossary link internal|back spin}}. See illustration at {{glossary link internal|spin}}.'' }}
 
{{term| total clearance }}
{{defn|1= A term used in [[snooker]] for the {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}} of all the balls that are {{glossary link internal|rack|racked}} at the beginning of the {{glossary link internal|frame}} in a single {{glossary link internal|break}} ({{glossary link internal|run}}). The minimum total clearance affords 72 points (barring multiple {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}} being potted on a single {{glossary link internal|stroke}}), in the pattern of red then {{glossary link internal|yellow ball|yellow}} repeatedly until all reds are potted, then all of the {{glossary link internal|colour ball|colour balls}}. The {{glossary link internal|maximum break}} is 147 (barring a foul by the opponent immediately before the break began). }}
 
{{term| total snooker }}
{{defn|1= In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> a situation where the player cannot see any of the balls she/he wants to hit due to obstruction by other balls or the {{glossary link internal|knuckle}} of a {{glossary link internal|pocket}}. The player must {{glossary link internal|call}} "total snooker" to the {{glossary link internal|referee}}, which allows a dispensation to the player from having to hit a {{glossary link internal|cushion}} after contacting the {{glossary link internal|object ball}}, which is otherwise a {{glossary link internal|foul}}. }}
 
{{term| touching ball }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Snooker Touching Ball Red.png|thumb|right|Touching ball with red ball]]
In [[snooker]], where the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is resting in contact with another ball. If this ball is a ball that may legally be hit, then it is allowable to simply hit away from it and it counts as having hit it in the shot. If the ball moves, then a {{glossary link internal|push shot}} must have occurred, in which case it is a {{glossary link internal|foul}}. }}
 
{{term| tournament card }}
{{defn|1= Jargon for a [[tournament]] chart, showing which players are playing against whom and what the results are.  Often shortened to '''card'''. }}
 
{{term| treble }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|triple}}.'' }}
 
{{term| treble century }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|triple century}}.'' }}
 
{{term| training template }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Training template.png|thumb|right|Training template]]
A thin sheet of rigid material in the size and shape of a [[Rack (billiards)|physical ball rack]] (e.g. a {{glossary link internal|diamond}} for [[nine-ball]]), with holes drilled though it, which is used to make permanent {{glossary link internal|divot|divots}} in the [[Baize|cloth]] of the [[Billiard table|table]], one at a time for each [[Billiard ball|ball]] in the {{glossary link internal|rack|racking}} pattern, by placing a ball in one of the holes in the carefully placed template and tapping it sharply from above to create the cloth indentation.  The holes are spaced slightly closer than the regulation ball width of 2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;inch (57.15&nbsp;mm) apart, so that when the balls settle partially into their divots, the outer sides of these indentations create ball-on-ball pressure, pushing the balls together tightly.  The purpose of the template is to do away with using a physical rack, with racking instead being performed simply by placing the balls into position, and the divots aligning them into the tightest possible formation automatically. This prevents accidental loose racks, and also thwarts the possibility of cheating by carefully manipulating the ball positions while racking. The [[European Pocket Billiard Federation]] (EPBF, Europe's [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]] affiliate organization) has adopted this racking technique for its professional Euro-Tour event series.<ref name="Varner BD 2008-02">{{BDMag|first=Nick|last=Varner|date=February 2008|title=Killing Me Softly?: The Outbreak of the Soft Break Threatens the Game of 9-ball|volume=30|issue=3|pages=pp. 34–35}}</ref> ''See also {{glossary link internal|racking template}}, {{glossary link internal|pocket template}}.'' }}
 
{{term| triangle }}
{{defn|1= [[File:Cribbage pool rack closeup.jpg|thumb|left|{{glossary link internal|rack|Racking}} up a game of [[Cribbage (pool)|cribbage pool]] using the {{glossary link internal|triangle}} [[Rack (billiards)|rack]], with the 15 ball in the middle, no two corner balls adding up to 15, and the apex ball on the {{glossary link internal|foot spot}}.]]
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A [[Rack (billiards)|rack]] in the form of an [[equilateral triangle]]. There are different sizes of triangles for {{glossary link internal|rack|racking}} different games (which use different ball sizes and numbers of balls),<ref name="BCA"/> including the fifteen ball racks for [[snooker]] and various pool games such as [[eight-ball]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]. A larger triangle is used for the twenty-one ball rack for [[baseball pocket billiards]]).<ref name="BCA"/> The smallest triangle rack is employed in [[three-ball]] ''(see illustration at that article)'' but is not strictly necessary, as the front of a larger rack can be used, or the balls can be arranged by hand. {{further2|[[Rack (billiards)]]}}
2.&nbsp;&nbsp;The {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} in triangular formation, before the {{glossary link internal|break|break shot}}, after being racked as above ''(i.e., same as {{glossary link internal|rack}}, definition 2)''. Principally British. ''(See also {{glossary link internal|pyramid}}.)''{{-}} }}
 
{{term| trick shot }}
{{defn|1= {{Main|Trick shot}}
An exhibition shot designed to impress either by a player's skill or knowledge of how to set the balls up and take advantage of the angles of the table; usually a combination of both. A trick shot may involve items otherwise never seen during the course of a game, such as bottles, baskets, etc., and even members of the audience being placed on or around the table. }}
 
{{term|term= triple |content=triple {{anchor|triples|tripled|treble|trebles|trebled|tripling|trebling|triple shot|treble shot|triple-shot}}{{anchor|treble-shot}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''treble'''.''
A British term for a type of {{glossary link internal|bank shot}} in which the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} is {{glossary link internal|pot|potted}} off two {{glossary link internal|cushion|cushions}}, especially by sending it twice across the table and into a {{glossary link internal|side pocket}}. Also called a '''two-cushion double'''.<!--Cross-reference this to [[#zig-zag]] when that entry exists.--> }}
 
{{term|term= triple century |content=triple century {{anchor|triple centuries|triple-century|triple-century break|treble century|treble centuries|treble-century|treble-century break}}}}
{{defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''treble century''', '''triple-century break''', '''treble-century break'''.}}
''See {{glossary link internal|double century}}.'' }}
 
{{term| turn }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|visit}}.'' }}
 
{{term| two-cushion double }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|triple}}''. }}
 
{{term| two-pot-rule }}
{{defn|1= {{empty section|date=April 2013|reason=Explanation needed.}} }}
 
{{term| two-shot carry }}
{{defn|1= A rule in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]<ref name="WEPFRules"/> whereby after an opponent has {{glossary link internal|fault|faulted}} and thus yielded {{glossary link internal|two shots}}, if the incoming shooter {{glossary link internal|pot|pots}} a ball on the first shot, (s)he is still allowed to miss in a later shot and take a second shot {{glossary link internal|ball-in-hand|in-hand}} (from {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}} or from {{glossary link internal|baulk}}, or if the opponent potted the cue ball, from anywhere)—even on {{glossary link internal|black ball|the black}}, in most variants. Also called the "two visits" rule; i.e., the two penalty shots are considered independent {{glossary link internal|visit|visits}} to the table, and the limiting variants discussed at {{glossary link internal|two shots}} below cannot logically apply. }}
 
{{term|term= two shots |content=two shots {{anchor|two-shot rule|two shot rule|2 shots|2-shot rule|2 shot rule}}}}
{{defn|1= In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> a penalty conceded by a player after a {{glossary link internal|fault}}. The incoming opponent is then allowed to miss twice before the faulting player is allowed another {{glossary link internal|visit}}. Many local rules state the {{glossary link internal|ball-in-hand|in-hand}} from the D (see {{glossary link internal|D, the}}) or {{glossary link internal|baulk}} (or if the opponent potted the cue ball, from anywhere) nature of the second shot is lost if a ball is potted on the first shot, that it is lost if the ball potted in the first shot was that player's last {{glossary link internal|colour ball|coloured ball}} ({{glossary link internal|object ball}} in their {{glossary link internal|group}}), and/or that there is only ever one shot on {{glossary link internal|black ball|the black}} after a fault. ''See {{glossary link internal|two-shot carry}} for more detail on a sub-rule that may apply (and eliminate the variations discussed here).'' }}
 
{{term| two visits }}
{{defn|1= ''See {{glossary link internal|two-shot carry}}.'' }}
 
{{term| two-way shot }}
{{defn|no=1|1=A shot in which if the target is missed, the opponent is safe or will not have a desirable shot; }}
{{defn|no=2|1=A shot in which there are two ways to score; }}
{{defn|no=3|1=A shot in which a second ball is targeted to be pocketed, broken out of a cluster, repositioned or some other secondary goal is also intended. }}
 
{{glossend}}
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==U==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| umbrella shot }}
{{defn|1= A [[three cushion billiards]] shot in which the cue ball first strikes two cushions before hitting the first object ball then hits a third cushion before hitting the second object ball. So called because the shot opens up like an umbrella after hitting the third rail. Umbrella shots may be classified as inside or outside depending on which side of the first object ball the cue ball contacts. }}
 
{{term| umpire }}
{{defn|1= ''Chiefly American, and largely obsolete:'' ''Same as {{glossary link internal|referee}}.''<ref name="BDESaw"/>  Derives from the usage in [[baseball]]. }}
 
{{term|term= undercut |content=undercut {{anchor|under-cut|undercutting|under=cutting|undercuts}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''under-cut'''.}}
1&nbsp;&nbsp;To hit the object ball with not enough of a cut angle; hitting the object ball too full or "fat". It is a well-known maxim that {{glossary link internal|overcut|overcutting}} is preferable to undercutting because of the principle of the "{{glossary link internal|professional side of the pocket}}". May be used as a noun: "That was a bad undercut." }}
{{defn|no=2|1=On [[Billiards table#Snooker|snooker and English billiards tables]], to trim back (usually by filing and sanding, not actually cutting) the underside of the protruding {{glossary link internal|knuckle}} of the {{glossary link internal|cushion}}, a.k.a. the {{glossary link internal|nose}} of the cushion, from where the cushion starts to curve into the {{glossary link internal|pocket}} until it ends inside the pocket {{glossary link internal|jaws}}.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} The result is a cushion {{glossary link internal|face}} at the knuckle that angles inward toward where the base of the {{glossary link internal|rail}} meets the {{glossary link internal|bed}} of the table, instead of one that is perpendicular to the bed.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} At this point it is thus more like a triangular [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] cushion {{glossary link internal|profile}}, with its "[[Backboard (basketball)|backboard]]" effect, than a sideways-L-shaped snooker cushion profile.<!--That is basic geometric observation and logic, and requires no source.--> Undercut knuckles make for an easier pocket to {{glossary link internal|pot}} balls in from an angle – a "faster {{glossary link internal|pocket speed}}" – because they raise the contact point between cushion and ball to above the centre of the ball,<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} reducing the tendency of the ball to be rebounded away.  Also used as a noun: "The amount of the undercut has a major effect on pocket playability." }}
 
{{term| unders }}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{glossary link internal|solids}}, in New Zealand.<ref name="Stickmen2"/>  Compare {{glossary link internal|little}}, {{glossary link internal|small}}, {{glossary link internal|red ball|reds}}, {{glossary link internal|low}}, {{glossary link internal|spot|spots}}, {{glossary link internal|dots}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|overs}}.'' }}
 
{{term| unintentional english }}
{{defn|1= Inadvertent {{glossary link internal|english|{{typo|english}}}} placed on the cueball by a failure to hit it dead center on its horizontal axis. It is both a common source of missed shots and commonly overlooked when attempts are made to determine the reason for a miss.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|89}} In UK parlance this is usually called 'unwanted side'. }}
 
{{term| up-table }}
{{defn|1= Toward the {{glossary link internal|head}} of the [[Billiard table|table]]. }}
 
{{glossend}}
 
==V==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term| velcro }}
{{defn|1= A British term describing when a ball is tight on the {{glossary link internal|cushion}} and a player sends the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} to hit both the {{glossary link internal|object ball}} and the rail at nearly the same time; the object ball, ideally, stays tight to the rail and is thus "velcroed" to the rail. {{glossary link internal|inside english|Inside {{typo|english}}}} is often employed to achieve this effect, hitting slightly before the ball. The movement of a ball just next to the rail (but not the shot described to achieve this movement) is called {{glossary link internal|hugging the rail}} in both the UK and the US. }}
 
{{term| visit }}
{{defn|1= One of the alternating turns players (or {{glossary link internal|doubles}} teams) are allowed at the table, before a shot is played that concedes a visit to his/her opponent (e.g. "he ran out in one visit").  Usually synonymous with {{glossary link internal|inning}} as applied to a single player/team, except in {{glossary link internal|scotch doubles}} format. }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==W==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= wall rack |content=wall rack {{anchor|wall racks|wall-rack|wallrack}}}}
{{defn|no=1|1=A one-piece or two-piece item of wall-mounted furniture designed to store [[cue stick]]s and sometimes other accessories such as the {{glossary link internal|mechanical bridge}} ({{glossary link internal|rest}}), [[billiard ball|balls]], {{glossary link internal|chalk}}, etc., when not in use. May consist of two small pieces of wood, or be an elaborately decorative large work of carpentry. ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|cue stand|Cue stand}}.'' }}
{{defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{glossary link internal|scoring rack}}''. }}
 
{{term| warrior }}
{{defn|1= An {{glossary link internal|object ball}} positioned near a {{glossary link internal|pocket}} so that another object ball shot at that pocket will likely go {{cuegloss|in-off|in off}} the warrior, even if aimed so imperfectly that if the warrior had been absent, the shot would likely would have missed. Usually arises when a ball is being {{cuegloss|bank shot|banked}} to the pocket. }}
 
{{term| way }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Term for object balls in the game of Chicago that are each assigned as having a set money value; typically the 5, 8, 10, 13 and 15.{{Clarify|date=January 2009|reason=Usage example needed.}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In games where multiple balls must be pocketed in succession to score a point, such as [[Cribbage (pool)|cribbage pool]] or [[thirty-ball]], when the last ball necessary to score has been potted, the points total given is referred to as a way. }}
 
{{term| weight }}
{{defn|1= To "give someone weight" is to give them a {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicap}} to compensate for notable differences in skill level. ''Compare {{glossary link internal|spot (noun)}}, sense 1.'' }}
 
{{term|term= white ball |content=white ball {{anchor|white balls|white-ball|whiteball|the white|white, the}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''the white'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alternate name for the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}. }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[carom billiards]] games and [[English billiards]], a more specific term for the starting opponent's {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}, which for the shooting player is another {{glossary link internal|object ball}} along with {{glossary link internal|red ball|the red}}.  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|spot ball}}'', the other player's cue ball.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
 
{{term| whitewash }}
{{defn|1= ''Principally British:'' In [[snooker]], if a player wins all of the required {{glossary link internal|frame|frames}} in a {{glossary link internal|match}} without conceding a frame to their opponent – for example, if a player wins a best-of-nine-frame match with a score of 5-0 – this is referred to as a "whitewash". This term is based on a similar term used in the card game of "patience" in the UK. However, it is not used in the context of a 1-0 winning scoreline in a match consisting of a single frame. }}
 
{{term| whitey }}
{{defn|1= Alternate name for the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}}.<ref name="USOpen06-3"/> }}
 
{{term| wild }}
{{defn|1= When a ball is given as a {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicap}} it often must be called (generally tacit). A wild handicap means the ball can be made in any manner specifically ''without'' being called. }}
 
{{term| wing ball }}
{{defn|1= Either of the balls on the lateral extremities of a racked set of balls in position for a break shot; the two balls at the outside of a 15-ball rack in the back row, or the balls to the left and right of the 9 ball in [[nine-ball]]'s diamond {{glossary link internal|rack}}-shaped opening set up position.<ref name="Brandt"/>{{rp|121}} In nine-ball It is seen as a reliable sign of a good {{glossary link internal|break shot|break}} (which is normally taken from close to either {{glossary link internal|cushion}} in the {{glossary link internal|kitchen}}) if the opposite wing ball is {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketed}}.  ''See also {{glossary link internal|break box}}.'' }}
 
{{term|term= wing shot |content=wing shot {{anchor|wing-shot|wingshot|wing shots|wing-shots|wingshots}}}}
{{defn|1= Shooting at an object ball that is already in motion ("on the wing") at the moment of shooting and cue ball impact; it is a {{cuegloss|foul}} in most games, and usually only seen in [[trick shot]]s and in [[speed pool]]. }}
 
{{term|term= winning hazard |content=winning hazard {{anchor|winner|winning-hazard|winning hazards|winners}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''winner'''.''
(Largely obsolete.) A shot in which the {{glossary link internal|cue ball}} is used to {{glossary link internal|pot}} another ball.<ref name="BCA"/><ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|275}}. In [[snooker]] and most [[Pocket billiards|pool]] games doing this is known as {{glossary link internal|pot|potting}}, {{glossary link internal|pocket|pocketing}} or {{glossary link internal|sink|sinking}} the targeted ball. The term derives from this hazard winning the player points, while {{glossary link internal|losing hazard|losing hazards}} cost the player points, in early forms of billiards. Whether the ball is an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} or an opponent's cue ball depends upon the type of game (some have two cue balls). The move will score {{glossary link internal|point|points}} in most (but not all) games in which {{glossary link internal|hazard|hazards}} (as such) apply, such as [[English billiards]] (in which a "red winner" is the potting of the {{glossary link internal|red ball}} and a "white winner" the potting of the opponent's cue ball, each worth a different amount of points).<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|275}}  ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|losing hazard}}.'' }}
 
{{term| wipe its feet }}
{{defn|1= British term referring to the base or metaphorical "feet" of a ball that rattles in the {{glossary link internal|jaws}} of a {{glossary link internal|pocket}} before eventually dropping. Usually said of an {{glossary link internal|object ball}} for which the intention was to {{glossary link internal|pot}} it.<ref name="Brandt"/>{{rp|121}} }}
 
{{term| wire, the }}
{{defn|no=1|1=Actual wire or string with multiple beads strung (like an [[abacus]]) used for keeping {{glossary link internal|score}}. Beads may be numbered or, more commonly, are in series of nine small beads representing 1s punctuated by larger beads representing 10s. Scoring strings are usually strung over the table, above the lights, but may be mounted on the wall.
 
Points "on the wire" are a type of {{glossary link internal|handicapping|handicap}} used, where a weaker player will be given a certain number of points before the start of the game.<ref name="Dummies"/>{{Rp|281, 292}}}}
{{defn|no=2|1=The [[Grapevine (gossip)|grapevine]] in the pool world, carrying news of what action is taking place where in the country.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}<!--Lots of things need to be sourced here, but this one in particular stands out as questionably a pool term in particular, rather than just general vernacular.--> }}
 
{{term| wired }}
{{defn|1= ''And '''wired combination/combo''', '''wired kiss''', etc.''
''Same as {{glossary link internal|dead}} (and variants listed there).'' }}
 
{{term|term= wood |content=wood {{anchor|piece of wood|wood, piece of}}}}
{{defn|1= A slang term for a [[Cue stick|cue]], usually used with "piece", as in "that's a nice piece of wood". ''Contrast {{glossary link internal|firewood}}''. }}
 
{{term|term= wrap |content=wrap {{anchor|wraps|wrapping|wrapper|grip|grips}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''wrapping''', '''grip'''.''
A covering of leather, [[nylon]] string,  {{glossary link internal|Irish linen}} or other material around the area of the butt of a cue where the cue is normally gripped.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|246}} }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}
 
==Y==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= yellow ball |content=yellow ball {{anchor|yellow balls|yellow|yellows|the yellow|the yellows|yellow, the|yellows, the}}}}
{{defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''yellow(s)'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;In [[snooker]], the lowest-value {{glossary link internal|colour ball}}, being worth two points.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|278}} It is one of the {{glossary link internal|baulk colour|baulk colours}}.  In some (especially American) snooker ball sets it is numbered "2" on its surface.  It is placed on the {{glossary link internal|yellow spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|278}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}
{{defn|no=2|1=In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], one of two {{glossary link internal|group|groups}} of seven {{glossary link internal|object ball|object balls}} that must be potted before the {{glossary link internal|eight ball}}; ''compare {{glossary link internal|stripes}}; contrast {{glossary link internal|red ball}}''.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}
 
{{term| yellow spot }}
{{defn|1= The {{glossary link internal|spot}} (usually not specially marked because it is obvious) on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{glossary link internal|yellow ball}} is placed.  Regardless of table size, it is the intersection of {{glossary link internal|"D", the|the "D"}} and the {{glossary link internal|baulk line|balk line}} on the {{glossary link internal|break|breaker's}} right side.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|278}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} The left-to-right order of the {{glossary link internal|green ball|green}}, {{glossary link internal|brown ball|brown}} and yellow balls is the subject of the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} }}
 
{{term| yellow pocket }}
{{defn|1= In [[snooker]], the {{glossary link internal|corner pocket}} that is closest to the {{glossary link internal|yellow spot}}. }}
 
{{glossend}}
 
==Z==
{{gloss}}
 
{{term|term= zone |content=zone {{anchor|Zone|in the zone|zone, in the|the zone|the Zone|zone, the}}}}
{{defn|1= ''Also '''in the zone'''.''
Describes an extended period of functioning in {{glossary link internal|dead stroke}} ("she's in the zone").<ref name="Brandt"/>{{rp|121}} Sometimes capitalized for humorous effect.<!--Add entry for [[#zone play]]--> }}
 
{{glossend}}
{{CompactTOC8|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Shamos 1999">{{Shamos 1999}}</ref>
<ref name="TIEOB">{{cite book
|last = Shamos
|first = Michael Ian
|authorlink=Michael Ian Shamos
|year = 1993
|title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards
|publisher = Lyons & Burford
|location = New York City, NY, US
|isbn = 1-55821-219-1
}}</ref>
<ref name="BCA">{{cite book
|author=BCA Rules Committee
|title=Billiards: The Official Rules and Record Book
|publisher=Billiard Congress of America
|location=Iowa City, IA, US
|date=November 1992
|isbn=1-878493-02-7
}}</ref>
<ref name="WPBSA 2011">{{WPBSA 2011|accessdate=2011-12-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Knuchell">{{cite book
|last=Knuchell
|first=Edward D.
|year=1970
|title=Pocket Billiards with Cue Tips
|publisher=A. S. Barnes and Co
|location=Cranbury, NJ, US
|isbn = 0-498-07392-0
}}</ref>
<ref name="SnookerGames">{{cite web
|url= http://www.snookergames.co.uk/glossary1.html
|title=Definitions of Terms used in Snooker and English Billiards
|at=<!--Obvious entries that relate to the ones here; see numbered pages glossary8.html, etc., as cited by {{rp}}.-->
|last=Stooke
|first=Michael P.
|work=SnookerGames.co.uk
|publisher=self-published
|location=Dorset, England
|date=March 14, 2010
}}{{tertiary|biblio=yes}} Stooke is a snooker instructor and writer whose work appears to be presumptively reliable, based on the sources he does cite throughout his materials.</ref>
}}
 
{{Cue sports nav}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cue sports, Glossary}}
[[Category:Cue sports|Glossary]]
[[Category:Glossaries of sports]]
[[Category:Sports terminology]]
[[Category:Game terminology]]
[[Category:Snooker-related lists|Glossary]]
[[Category:Snooker terminology| ]]

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