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The '''Belle experiment''' is a [[particle physics]] experiment conducted by the '''Belle Collaboration''', an international collaboration of more than 400 physicists and engineers investigating [[CP-violation]] effects at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organisation ([[KEK]]) in [[Tsukuba]], [[Ibaraki Prefecture]], [[Japan]].


The Belle detector, located at the collision point of the {{SubatomicParticle|Electron}}{{SubatomicParticle|Antielectron}} asymmetric-energy collider ([[KEKB (accelerator)|KEKB]]), is a multilayer [[particle detector]]. Its large [[solid angle]] coverage, vertex location with precision on the order of tens of micrometres (provided by a silicon vertex detector), good [[pion]]–[[kaon]] separation at the momenta range from {{val|100|ul=MeV/c}} till few GeV/c (provided by a novel [[Cherenkov effect|Cherenkov]] detector), and few-percent precision electromagnetic [[calorimetry]] ([[Caesium iodide|CsI]]([[Thallium|Tl]]) [[scintillator|scintillating crystals]]) allow for many other scientific searches apart from CP-violation. Extensive studies of rare decays, searches for exotic particles and precision measurements of [[B meson]]s, [[D meson]]s, and [[tau particle]]s have been carried out and have resulted in almost 300 publications in physics journals.
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Highlights of the Belle experiment so far include
  <li>[http://ldsbee.com/index.php?page=item&id=3847338 http://ldsbee.com/index.php?page=item&id=3847338]</li>
* the first observation of CP-violation outside of the kaon system (2001)
 
* observation of: <math>B \to K^* l^+ l^-</math> and <math>b \to s l^+ l^-</math>
  <li>[http://getresponse.carolasmith.com/forum/profile.php?id=1526 http://getresponse.carolasmith.com/forum/profile.php?id=1526]</li>
* measurement of <math>\phi_3</math> using the <math>B \to D K, D \to K_S \pi^+ \pi^-</math> [[Dalitz plot]]
 
* measurement of the [[CKM matrix|CKM quark mixing matrix]] elements <math>|V_{ub}|</math> and <math> |V_{cb}|</math>
  <li>[http://www.twsela.com/?p=50235#comments http://www.twsela.com/?p=50235#comments]</li>
* observation of direct CP-violation in <math>B^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^-</math> and <math>B^0 \to K^- \pi^+</math>
 
* observation of <math>b \to d</math> transitions
  <li>[http://ys.40012580.com.cn/news/html/?16570.html http://ys.40012580.com.cn/news/html/?16570.html]</li>
* evidence for <math>B \to \tau \nu</math>
 
* observations of a number of new particles including the [[X(3872)]]
</ul>
 
The Belle experiment operated at the [[KEKB (accelerator)|KEKB]] accelerator, the world's highest [[luminosity (scattering theory)|luminosity]] machine. The instantaneous luminosity exceeded {{val|2.11|e=34|u=cm<sup>−2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>}}. The [[integrated luminosity]] collected at the [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(4S)]] [[resonance (particle physics)|resonance]] mass is ~{{val|710|u=[[barn (unit)|fb]]<sup>−1</sup>}} (corresponds to 771 million {{SubatomicParticle|B}}{{SubatomicParticle|AntiB}} meson pairs). Most data is recorded on the {{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(4S) resonance, which decays to pairs of [[B meson]]s. About 10% of the data is recorded below the {{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(4S) resonance in order to study backgrounds. In addition, Belle has carried out special runs at the [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(5S)]] resonance to study [[Strange B meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Strange B}} mesons]] as well as on the [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(1S)]], [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(2S)]] and [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(3S)]] resonances to search for evidence of [[Dark Matter]] and the [[Higgs Boson]]. The samples of [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(1S)]], [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(2S)]] and [[Upsilon meson|{{SubatomicParticle|Upsilon}}(5S)]] collected by Belle are the world largest samples available.
 
The [[Belle II]] [[B-factory]], an upgraded facility with two orders of magnitude more luminosity, has been approved in June 2010.<ref>[http://www.kek.jp/intra-e/press/2010/KEKBupgrade.html KEK press release]</ref> The design and construction work is ongoing.
 
==See also==
*[[B-factory]]
*[[B-Bbar oscillation|{{SubatomicParticle|B}}–{{SubatomicParticle|AntiB}} oscillation]]
 
==External links==
* [http://belle.kek.jp Official Belle Website]
* [http://belle2.kek.jp Official Belle 2 Website]
 
==References==
<references />
 
{{coord|36|09|28|N|140|04|31|E|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=title}}
 
[[Category:Particle experiments]]

Latest revision as of 04:30, 1 January 2015

hence the|therefore Louis Vuitton Shoes

But does everyone possess a conscience? There are certain people throughout history who have committed such horrible Louis Vuitton Shoes acts of violence that people sometimes wonder if they are without any conscience. How can serial killers such as Ted Bundy or Wayne Williams commit such horrible crimes? A powerful bet is that they lack the basic ability to feel guilt, so nothing really prevents them from acting out their violent fantasies..

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He says he loves the friendly spirit of wikiHow and the sense of a dedicated community working together towards a goal. For new contributors seeking to be part of the experience, he advises: Dive in, and don't be afraid to ask questions!. Counting the amount of medical doctors and people with undergraduate science degrees swells the number of scientifically savvy potential science information consumers and communicators severalfold. Analysis of the MMR vaccine incident suggests that emotional arguments just like a scientist Cheap Oakley Sunglasses Sydney talking about vaccinating his or her own children might be more powerful than the rational arguments that form the basis of normal scientific discourse.

Now that you're an adult, you probably possess the whole chewing thing figured out, don't you? Actually, you may not be chewing enough. Chewing the food fully has benefits beyond politeness or a smart safety precaution.. That's is a fully loaded magazine without the ads (which if they did have they'd likely only poker fun at anyway). Not bad at all for that price of a candy bar.The quirky, subtle brand of humor won't appeal to everyone (therefore, the less than perfect score), but the ones that choose to indulge in it won't be disappointed by lazy Isabel Marant Wedges Sneakers assembly or lack of content.

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