61 (number): Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox number
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| number = 68
| divisor = 1, 2, 4, 17, 34, 68
}}
'''68''' ('''sixty-eight''') is the [[natural number]] following [[67 (number)|67]] and preceding [[69 (number)|69]].
 
==In mathematics==
68 is a [[Perrin number]].<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A001608|name=Perrin sequence (or Ondrej Such sequence): a(n) = a(n-2) + a(n-3)}}</ref>
 
It is the largest known number to be the sum of two primes in exactly two different ways: 68&nbsp;=&nbsp;7&nbsp;+&nbsp;61&nbsp;=&nbsp;31&nbsp;+&nbsp;37.<ref>http://math.fau.edu/richman/Interesting/WebSite/Number68.pdf retrieved 13 March 2013</ref> All higher even numbers that have been checked are the sum of three or more pairs of primes; the conjecture that 68 is the largest number with this property is closely related to the [[Goldbach conjecture]] and like it remains unproven.<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A000954|name=Conjecturally largest even integer which is an unordered sum of two primes in exactly n ways}}</ref>
 
Because of the factorization of 68 as <math>2^2\cdot (2^{2^2}+1)</math>, a 68-sided [[regular polygon]] may be constructed with [[compass and straightedge]].<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A003401|name=Numbers of edges of polygons constructible with ruler and compass}}</ref>
 
[[File:Tamari lattice.svg|thumb|A Tamari lattice, with 68 upward paths of length zero or more from one element of the lattice to another.]]
There are exactly 68 10-bit [[binary number]]s in which each bit has an adjacent bit with the same value,<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A006355|name=Number of binary vectors of length n containing no singletons}}</ref> exactly 68 combinatorially distinct [[Point set triangulation|triangulations]] of a given triangle with four points interior to it,<ref name="A000260">{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A000260|name=Number of rooted simplicial 3-polytopes with n+3 nodes}}</ref>and exactly 68 [[Partially ordered set#Interval|intervals]] in the [[Tamari lattice]] describing the ways of parenthesizing five items.<ref name="A000260"/> The largest [[graceful graph]] on 13 nodes has exactly 68 edges.<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A004137|name=Maximal number of edges in a graceful graph on n nodes}}</ref> There are 68 different [[undirected graph]]s with six edges and no isolated nodes,<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A000664|name=Number of graphs with n edges}}</ref> 68 different minimally [[k-vertex-connected graph|2-connected graphs]] on seven unlabeled nodes,<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A003317|name=Number of unlabeled minimally 2-connected graphs with n nodes (also called "blocks")}}</ref> 68 different [[degree sequence]]s of four-node connected graphs,<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A007721|name=Number of distinct degree sequences among all connected graphs with n nodes}}</ref> and 68 [[matroid]]s on four labeled elements.<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A058673|name=Number of matroids on n labeled points}}</ref>
 
[[Størmer's theorem]] proves that, for every number ''p'', there are a finite number of pairs of consecutive numbers that are both [[smooth number|''p''-smooth]] (having no prime factor larger than ''p''). For ''p''&nbsp;=&nbsp;13 this finite number is exactly 68.<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A002071|name=Number of pairs of consecutive integers x, x+1 such that all prime factors of both x and x+1 are at most the n-th prime}}</ref> On an infinite chessboard, there are 68 squares three knight's moves away from any cell.<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A018842|name=Number of squares on infinite chess-board at n knight's moves from center}}</ref>
 
As a [[decimal number]], 68 is the last two-digit number to appear in the digits of [[pi]].<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A032510|name=Scan decimal expansion of Pi until all n-digit strings have been seen; a(n) is last string seen}}</ref> It is a [[happy number]], meaning that repeatedly summing the squares of its digits eventually leads to 1:<ref>{{SloanesRef|sequencenumber=A007770|name=Happy numbers: numbers whose trajectory under iteration of sum of squares of digits map includes 1}}</ref>
:<math>68\to 6^2+8^2=100\to 1^2+0^2+0^2=1.</math>
 
==Other uses==
*68 is the [[atomic number]] of [[erbium]], a lanthanide
*In the restaurant industry, 68 may be used as a code meaning "put back on the menu", being the opposite of [[86 (number)|86]] which means "remove from the menu".<ref>{{citation|title=Words at Work: An Insider’s Guide to the Language of Professions|first=Mim|last=Harrison|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|year=2009|isbn=9780802718686|page=7|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=dAf_HxF1HTwC&pg=PA7}}.</ref>
*68 may also be used as [[slang]] for [[oral sex]], based on a play on words involving the number [[69 (number)|69]].<ref>{{citation|title=The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English|first1=Terry|last1=Victor|first2=Tom|last2=Dalzell|edition=8th|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2007|isbn=9780203962114|page=585|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=7UIjVGcSe8MC&pg=PA585}}.</ref>
 
==See also==
*[[68 (disambiguation)]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}
 
{{Integers|zero}}
 
[[Category:Integers]]

Latest revision as of 05:58, 6 November 2014

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