Autocatalysis

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Feel free to surf to my site - online psychic; mouse click for source, In geometry, the snub dodecahedron, or snub icosidodecahedron, is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed by two or more types of regular polygon faces.

The snub dodecahedron has 92 faces (the most of any convex uniform polyhedron other than prisms and antiprisms), of which 12 are pentagons and the other 80 are equilateral triangles. It also has 150 edges, and 60 vertices. It has two distinct forms, which are mirror images (or "enantiomorphs") of each other.

Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a snub dodecahedron are all the even permutations of

(±2α, ±2, ±2β),

(±(α+β/τ+τ), ±(−ατ+β+1/τ), ±(α/τ+βτ−1)),

(±(−α/τ+βτ+1), ±(−α+β/τ−τ), ±(ατ+β−1/τ)),

(±(−α/τ+βτ−1), ±(α−β/τ−τ), ±(ατ+β+1/τ)) and

(±(α+β/τ−τ), ±(ατ−β+1/τ), ±(α/τ+βτ+1)),

with an even number of plus signs, where

α = ξ − 1 / ξ

and

β = ξτ + τ² + τ /ξ,

where τ = (1 + √5) / 2 is the golden ratio and ξ is the real solution to ξ³ − 2ξ = τ, which is the number:

$\xi ={\sqrt[{3}]{{\frac {\tau }{2}}+{\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\tau -{\frac {5}{27}}}}}}+{\sqrt[{3}]{{\frac {\tau }{2}}-{\frac {1}{2}}{\sqrt {\tau -{\frac {5}{27}}}}}}$

or approximately 1.7155615.

This snub dodecahedron has an edge length of approximately 6.0437380841.

Taking the even permutations of the above coordinates with an odd number of plus signs gives another form, the enantiomorph of the other one.

Surface area and volume

For a snub dodecahedron whose edge length is 1, the surface area is

$A=20{\sqrt {3}}+3{\sqrt {25+10{\sqrt {5}}}}\approx 55.28674495844515$

and the volume is

$V={\frac {12\xi ^{2}(3\tau +1)-\xi (36\tau +7)-(53\tau +6)}{6{\sqrt {3-\xi ^{2}}}^{3}}}\approx 37.61664996273336$

where τ is the golden ratio.

The snub dodecahedron has the highest sphericity of all Archimedean solids.

Orthogonal projections

The snub dodecahedron has two special orthogonal projections, centered, on two types of faces: triangles, and pentagons, correspond to the A₂ and H₂ Coxeter planes.

Orthogonal projections

Centered by	Face Triangle	Face Pentagon	Edge
Image
Projective symmetry	[3]+	[5]+	[2]

Geometric relations

The snub dodecahedron can be generated by taking the twelve pentagonal faces of the dodecahedron and pulling them outward so they no longer touch. At a proper distance this can create the rhombicosidodecahedron by filling in square faces between the divided edges and triangle faces between the divided vertices. But for the snub form, only add the triangle faces and leave the square gaps empty. Then apply an equal rotation to the centers of the pentagons and triangles, continuing the rotation until the gaps can be filled by two equilateral triangles.

Dodecahedron

Rhombicosidodecahedron (Expanded dodecahedron)

Snub dodecahedron

The snub dodecahedron can also be derived from the truncated icosidodecahedron by the process of alternation. Sixty of the vertices of the truncated icosidodecahedron form a polyhedron topologically equivalent to one snub dodecahedron; the remaining sixty form its mirror-image. The resulting polyhedron is vertex-transitive but not uniform, because its edges are of unequal lengths; some deformation is required to transform it into a uniform polyhedron.

Archimedes, an ancient Greek who showed major interest in polyhedral shapes, wrote a treatise on thirteen semi-regular solids. The snub dodecahedron is one of them.

Related polyhedra and tilings

This semiregular polyhedron is a member of a sequence of snubbed polyhedra and tilings with vertex figure (3.3.3.3.n) and Coxeter–Dynkin diagram Template:CDD. These figures and their duals have (n32) rotational symmetry, being in the Euclidean plane for n=6, and hyperbolic plane for any higher n. The series can be considered to begin with n=2, with one set of faces degenerated into digons.

See also

• ccw and cw spinning snub dodecahedron

References

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External links

• Template:Mathworld2
• Template:KlitzingPolytopes
• Editable printable net of a Snub Dodecahedron with interactive 3D view
• The Uniform Polyhedra
• Virtual Reality Polyhedra The Encyclopedia of Polyhedra
• The Snub Dodecahedron made with LEGO by Antonio Nicassio (ITALY)