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In mathematics, a Borel measure μ on n-dimensional Euclidean space Rⁿ is called logarithmically concave (or log-concave for short) if, for any compact subsets A and B of Rⁿ and 0 < λ < 1, one has

$\mu (\lambda A+(1-\lambda )B)\ge \mu (A{)}^{\lambda }\mu (B{)}^{1-\lambda },$

where λ A + (1 − λ) B denotes the Minkowski sum of λ A and (1 − λ) B.

Examples

The Brunn-Minkowski inequality asserts that the Lebesgue measure is log-concave. The restriction of the Lebesgue measure to any convex set is also log-concave.

By a theorem of Borell, a measure is log-concave if and only if it has a density with respect to the Lebesgue measure on some affine hyperplane, and this density is a logarithmically concave function. Thus, any Gaussian measure is log-concave.

The Prékopa–Leindler inequality shows that a convolution of log-concave measures is log-concave.