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| The '''Multidimensional Poverty Index''' '''(MPI)''' was developed in 2010 by [[Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative]] and the [[United Nations Development Programme]]<ref>{{cite news |author= |coauthors= |title=A wealth of data. A useful new way to capture the many aspects of poverty |url=http://www.economist.com/node/16693283 |quote=Aided by the improved availability of survey data about living conditions for households in over 100 developing countries, the researchers have come up with a new index, called the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) will use in its next “Human Development Report” in October. |work=[[The Economist]] |date=July 29, 2010 |accessdate=2010-08-04 }}</ref> and uses different factors to determine poverty beyond income-based lists. It replaced the previous [[Human Poverty Index]].
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| The MPI is an index of acute multidimensional poverty. It shows the number of people who are multidimensionally poor (suffering deprivations in 33.33% of weighted indicators) and the number of deprivations with which poor households typically contend. It reflects deprivations in very rudimentary services and core human functioning for people across 104 countries. Although deeply constrained by data limitations, MPI reveals a different pattern of poverty than income poverty, as it illuminates a different set of deprivations.
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| ==Indicators==
| | And for all movable parts, which is one of the [http://Www.Wired.com/search?query=social+classes social classes] have different numbers of door completely If you beloved this article and you simply would like to be given more info with regards to [http://Www.tumblr.com/tagged/carriage+house carriage house] doors plans ([http://garagedoorscheap.smartstartbuildingsystems.com/ informative post]) please visit our own web-page. . |
| The index uses the same three dimensions as the [[Human Development Index]]: health, education, and standard of living. These are measured using ten indicators.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Dimension !! Indicators
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| | Health ||
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| * Child Mortality
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| * Nutrition
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| |-
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| | Education ||
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| * Years of school
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| * Children enrolled
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| |-
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| | Living Standards ||
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| * Cooking fuel
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| * Toilet
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| * Water
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| * Electricity
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| * Floor
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| * Assets
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| |}
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| Each dimension and each indicator within a dimension is equally weighted.
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| ==Calculation of the index==
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| ===Formula===
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| The MPI is calculated as follows:<ref>http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Argentina.pdf</ref>
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| <math>MPI = H \times A</math>
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| H: Percentage of people who are MPI poor (incidence of poverty)<br>
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| A: Average intensity of MPI poverty across the poor (%)
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| ===Indicators used===
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| The following ten indicators are used to calculate the MPI:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/MPI_2011_Methodology_Note_4-11-2011_1500.pdf?cda6c1|title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2011: Brief Methodological Note|author=Alkire Roche Santos Seth|publisher=Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI)}}</ref>
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| *Education (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/6)
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| <ol>
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| <li value="1">Years of [[schooling]]: deprived if no household member has completed five years of schooling</li>
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| <li value="2">Child [[Matriculation|school attendance]]: deprived if any school-aged child is not attending school up to class 8</li>
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| </ol>
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| *Health (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/6)
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| <ol>
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| <li value="3">[[Child mortality]]: deprived if any child has died in the family</li>
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| <li value="4">[[Nutrition]]: deprived if any adult or child for whom there is nutritional information is malnourished</li>
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| </ol>
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| *Standard of Living (each indicator is weighted equally at 1/18)
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| <ol>
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| <li value="5">[[Electricity]]: deprived if the household has no electricity</li>
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| <li value="6">[[Sanitation]]: deprived if the household’s sanitation facility is not improved (according to [[Millennium Development Goals|MDG]] guidelines), or it is improved but shared with other households</li>
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| <li value="7">[[Drinking water]]: deprived if the household does not have access to safe drinking water (according to MDG guidelines) or safe drinking water is more than a 30-minute walk from home roundtrip</li>
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| <li value="8">[[Floor]]: deprived if the household has a dirt, sand or dung floor</li>
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| <li value="9">[[Cooking fuel]]: deprived if the household cooks with dung, wood or charcoal</li>
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| <li value="10">[[Assets]] ownership: deprived if the household does not own more than one radio, TV, telephone, bike, motorbike or refrigerator and does not own a car or truck</li>
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| </ol>
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| A person is considered poor if they are deprived in at least 33.33% of the weighted indicators. The intensity of poverty denotes the proportion of indicators in which they are deprived.
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| ===Real example===
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| Niger:<ref>http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Niger.pdf</ref>
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| *MPI = 0.642
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| *H = 0.927
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| *A = 0.693
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| In Niger, 92.7% of the country's population is MPI poor (they are deprived in at least 33.33% of the weighted indicators, by definition). Those who are MPI poor suffer from deprivation in 69.3% of indicators, on average.
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| ===Fictional example===
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| Country X consists of persons A, B and C. The following table shows the deprivation on each of the 10 indicators for persons A, B and C.
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| <small>"0%" indicates no deprivation in that indicator, while "100%" indicates deprivation in that indicator.</small>
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| {| class="wikitable sortable"
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| ! Indicator !! Weight !! Person A !! Person B !! Person C
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| | 1 || 1/6 || 0% || 0% || 0%
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| | 2 || 1/6 || 0% || 0% || 0%
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| | 3 || 1/6 || 100% || 100% || 0%
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| |-
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| | 4 || 1/6 || 0% || 100% || 0%
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| |-
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| | 5 || 1/18 || 0% || 100% || 100%
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| |-
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| | 6 || 1/18 || 0% || 100% || 100%
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| |-
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| | 7 || 1/18 || 0% || 0% || 100%
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| |-
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| | 8 || 1/18 || 100% || 100% || 100%
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| |-
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| | 9 || 1/18 || 100% || 0% || 100%
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| |-
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| | 10 || 1/18 || 100% || 0% || 0%
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | Weighted score !! 33.33% !! 50.00% !! 27.78%
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| ! colspan="2" | Status !! MPI poor !! MPI poor !! Not MPI poor
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| |}
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| Factor H for country X is:
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| <math>\frac {1 + 1 + 0}{3} = 0.667</math>
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| Factor A for country X is:
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| <math>\frac {33.33% + 50.00%} {2} = 0.417</math>
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| Thus, the MPI for country X is:
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| <math>0.667 \times 0.417 = 0.278</math>
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| ==MPI in some developing countries==
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| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
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| ! Country !! MPI !! % of People<br>who are<br>MPI Poor !! Average<br>Intensity of<br>MPI Poverty !! Number of MPI<br>Poor People<br>(thousands) !! Year !! % of People who<br>are Income Poor<br>($1.25/day) !! % of People who<br>are Income Poor<br>($2.00/day) !! Year
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Albania}} || 0.005 || 1.4 || 37.7 || 45 || 2009 || 0.6 || 4.3 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Angola}} || 0.452 || 77.4 || 58.4 || 11,136 || 2001 || 54.3 || 70.2 || 2000
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Argentina}} || 0.011 || 3.0 || 37.7 || 1,160 || 2005 || 0.9 || 2.4 || 2009
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Armenia}} || 0.004 || 1.1 || 36.2 || 34 || 2005 || 1.3 || 12.4 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Azerbaijan}} || 0.021 || 5.3 || 39.4 || 461 || 2006 || 1.0 || 7.8 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 0.292 || 57.8 || 50.4 || 83,207 || 2007 || 49.6 || 81.3 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Belarus}} || 0.000 || 0.0 || 35.1 || 0 || 2005 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Belize}} || 0.024 || 5.6 || 42.6 || 16 || 2006 || 12.4 || 24.5 || 1999
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Benin}} || 0.412 || 71.8 || 57.4 || 5,652 || 2006 || 47.3 || 75.3 || 2003
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Bhutan}} || 0.119 || 27.2 || 43.9 || 197 || 2010 || 26.2 || 49.5 || 2003
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Bolivia}} || 0.089 || 20.5 || 43.7 || 1,972 || 2008 || 13.6 || 25.1 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || 0.003 || 0.8 || 37.2 || 30 || 2006 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Brazil}} || 0.011 || 2.7 || 39.3 || 5,075 || 2006 || 3.8 || 9.9 || 2009
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || 0.536 || 82.6 || 64.9 || 12,078 || 2006 || 56.5 || 81.2 || 2003
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Burundi}} || 0.530 || 84.5 || 62.7 || 6,127 || 2005 || 81.3 || 93.5 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Cambodia}} || 0.251 || 52.0 || 48.4 || 6,946 || 2005 || 28.3 || 56.5 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Cameroon}} || 0.287 || 53.3 || 53.9 || 9,149 || 2004 || 9.6 || 30.4 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Central African Republic}} || 0.512 || 86.4 || 59.3 || 3,199 || 2000 || 62.8 || 80.1 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Chad}} || 0.344 || 62.9 || 54.7 || 5,758 || 2003 || 61.9 || 83.3 || 2003
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| | align="left" | {{flag|China}} || 0.056 || 12.5 || 44.9 || 161,675 || 2003 || 15.9 || 36.3 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Colombia}} || 0.022 || 5.4 || 40.9 || 2,500 || 2010 || 16.0 || 27.9 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Comoros}} || 0.408 || 73.9 || 55.2 || 415 || 2000 || 46.1 || 65.0 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Cote d'Ivoire}} || 0.353 || 61.5 || 57.4 || 11,083 || 2005 || 23.8 || 46.3 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Croatia}} || 0.016 || 4.4 || 36.3 || 196 || 2003 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Czech Republic}} || 0.010 || 3.1 || 33.4 || 316 || 2003 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 1996
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Djibouti}} || 0.139 || 29.3 || 47.3 || 241 || 2006 || 18.8 || 41.2 || 2002
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Dominican Republic}} || 0.018 || 4.6 || 39.4 || 438 || 2007 || 4.3 || 13.6 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Congo, Democratic Republic of the}} || 0.393 || 73.2 || 53.7 || 44,485 || 2007 || 59.2 || 79.6 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Ecuador}} || 0.009 || 2.2 || 41.6 || 286 || 2003 || 4.4 || 13.6 || 2009
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Egypt}} || 0.024 || 6.0 || 40.7 || 4,699 || 2008 || 2.0 || 18.5 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Estonia}} || 0.026 || 7.2 || 36.5 || 97 || 2003 || 0.5 || 1.5 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Ethiopia}} || 0.562 || 88.6 || 63.5 || 65,798 || 2005 || 39.0 || 77.6 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Gabon}} || 0.161 || 35.4 || 45.5 || 437 || 2000 || 4.8 || 19.6 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Gambia}} || 0.324 || 60.4 || 53.6 || 934 || 2006 || 34.3 || 56.7 || 2003
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Georgia}} || 0.003 || 0.8 || 35.2 || 36 || 2005 || 15.3 || 32.2 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Ghana}} || 0.144 || 31.2 || 46.2 || 7,258 || 2008 || 30.0 || 53.6 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Guatemala}} || 0.127 || 25.9 || 49.1 || 3,134 || 2003 || 11.7 || 24.3 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Guinea}} || 0.506 || 82.5 || 61.3 || 7,459 || 2005 || 43.3 || 69.6 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Guyana}} || 0.053 || 13.4 || 39.5 || 100 || 2005 || 8.7 || 18.0 || 1998
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Haiti}} || 0.299 || 56.4 || 53.0 || 5,346 || 2006 || 54.9 || 72.2 || 2001
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Honduras}} || 0.159 || 32.5 || 48.9 || 2,281 || 2006 || 23.3 || 35.4 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Hungary}} || 0.016 || 4.6 || 34.3 || 466 || 2003 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|India}} || 0.283 || 53.7 || 52.7 || 612,203 || 2005 || 41.6 || 75.6 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Indonesia}} || 0.095 || 20.8 || 45.9 || 48,352 || 2007 || 18.7 || 50.6 || 2009
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Iraq}} || 0.059 || 14.2 || 41.3 || 3,996 || 2006 || 4.0 || 25.3 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Jordan}} || 0.008 || 2.4 || 34.4 || 145 || 2009 || 0.4 || 3.5 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} || 0.002 || 0.6 || 36.9 || 92 || 2006 || 0.2 || 1.5 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Kenya}} || 0.229 || 47.8 || 48.0 || 18,863 || 2009 || 19.7 || 39.9 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || 0.019 || 4.9 || 38.8 || 249 || 2006 || 1.9 || 29.4 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Laos}} || 0.267 || 47.2 || 56.5 || 2,757 || 2006 || 33.9 || 66.0 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Latvia}} || 0.006 || 1.6 || 37.9 || 37 || 2003 || 0.3 || 1.0 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Lesotho}} || 0.156 || 35.3 || 44.1 || 759 || 2009 || 43.4 || 62.3 || 2003
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Liberia}} || 0.485 || 83.9 || 57.7 || 2,917 || 2007 || 83.7 || 94.8 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Macedonia}} || 0.008 || 1.9 || 40.9 || 39 || 2005 || 0.3 || 4.3 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Madagascar}} || 0.357 || 66.9 || 53.3 || 13,463 || 2009 || 67.8 || 89.6 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Malawi}} || 0.381 || 72.1 || 52.8 || 8,993 || 2004 || 73.9 || 90.5 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Maldives}} || 0.018 || 5.2 || 35.6 || 16 || 2009 || 1.5 || 12.2 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Mali}} || 0.558 || 86.6 || 64.4 || 11,772 || 2006 || 51.4 || 77.1 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Mauritania}} || 0.352 || 61.7 || 57.1 || 1,982 || 2007 || 21.2 || 44.1 || 2000
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Mexico}} || 0.015 || 4.0 || 38.9 || 4,313 || 2006 || 1.8 || 8.6 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Moldova}} || 0.007 || 1.9 || 36.7 || 72 || 2005 || 1.9 || 12.5 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Mongolia}} || 0.065 || 15.8 || 41.0 || 402 || 2005 || 22.4 || 49.1 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Montenegro}} || 0.006 || 1.5 || 41.6 || 9 || 2005 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Morocco}} || 0.048 || 10.6 || 45.3 || 3,287 || 2007 || 2.5 || 14.0 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Mozambique}} || 0.512 || 79.3 || 64.6 || 18,127 || 2009 || 59.6 || 81.8 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Burma}} || 0.154 || 31.8 || 48.3 || 14,297 || 2000 || || ||
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Namibia}} || 0.187 || 39.6 || 47.2 || 855 || 2007 || 49.1 || 62.2 || 1993
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Nepal}} || 0.350 || 64.7 || 54.0 || 18,009 || 2006 || 24.82 || 57.25|| 2010
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Nicaragua}} || 0.128 || 28.0 || 45.7 || 1,538 || 2006 || 15.8 || 31.9 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Niger}} || 0.642 || 92.4 || 69.4 || 12,437 || 2006 || 43.1 || 75.9 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Nigeria}} || 0.310 || 54.1 || 57.3 || 81,510 || 2008 || 64.4 || 83.9 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Occupied Palestinian Territories}} || 0.005 || 1.4 || 37.3 || 52 || 2007 || || ||
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Pakistan}} || 0.264 || 49.4 || 53.4 || 81,236 || 2007 || 22.6 || 61.0 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Paraguay}} || 0.064 || 13.3 || 48.5 || 755 || 2003 || 5.1 || 13.2 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Peru}} || 0.086 || 19.9 || 43.2 || 5,421 || 2004 || 5.9 || 14.7 || 2009
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Philippines}} || 0.064 || 13.4 || 47.4 || 12,083 || 2008 || 22.6 || 45.0 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Congo, Republic of the}} || 0.208 || 40.6 || 51.2 || 1,600 || 2009 || 54.1 || 74.4 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Russia}} || 0.005 || 1.3 || 38.9 || 1,883 || 2003 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Rwanda}} || 0.426 || 80.2 || 53.2 || 7,380 || 2005 || 76.8 || 89.6 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || 0.154 || 34.5 || 44.7 || 56 || 2009 || 29.7 || 55.9 || 2001
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Senegal}} || 0.384 || 66.9 || 57.4 || 7,273 || 2005 || 33.5 || 60.4 || 2005
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Serbia}} || 0.003 || 0.8 || 40.0 || 79 || 2005 || 0.1 || 0.7 || 2008
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || 0.439 || 77.0 || 57.0 || 4,321 || 2008 || 53.4 || 76.1 || 2003
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Slovakia}} || 0.000 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 0 || 2003 || 0.3 || 1.4 || 1996
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Somalia}} || 0.514 || 81.2 || 63.3 || 6,940 || 2006 || || ||
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| | align="left" | {{flag|South Africa}} || 0.057 || 13.4 || 42.3 || 6,609 || 2008 || 17.4 || 35.7 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || 0.021 || 5.3 || 38.7 || 1,027 || 2003 || 7.0 || 29.1 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Suriname}} || 0.039 || 8.2 || 47.2 || 41 || 2006 || 15.5 || 27.2 || 1999
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Swaziland}} || 0.184 || 41.4 || 44.5 || 469 || 2007 || 62.9 || 81.0 || 2001
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Syria}} || 0.021 || 5.5 || 37.5 || 1,041 || 2006 || 1.7 || 16.9 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Tajikistan}} || 0.068 || 17.1 || 40.0 || 1,103 || 2005 || 21.5 || 50.9 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Tanzania}} || 0.367 || 65.2 || 56.3 || 27,559 || 2008 || 67.9 || 87.9 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Thailand}} || 0.006 || 1.6 || 38.5 || 1,067 || 2005 || 0.4 || 11.5 || 2004
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| | align="left" | {{flag|East Timor}} || 0.360 || 68.1 || 52.9 || 749 || 2009 || 37.4 || 72.8 || 2007
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Togo}} || 0.284 || 54.3 || 52.4 || 3,003 || 2006 || 38.7 || 69.3 || 2006
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} || 0.020 || 5.6 || 35.1 || 74 || 2006 || 4.2 || 13.5 || 1992
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Tunisia}} || 0.010 || 2.8 || 37.1 || 272 || 2003 || 2.6 || 12.8 || 2000
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Turkey}} || 0.028 || 6.6 || 42.0 || 4,378 || 2003 || 2.7 || 9.1 || 2005
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| |-
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| | align="left" | {{flag|Uganda}} || 0.367 || 72.3 || 50.7 || 21,235 || 2006 || 37.7 || 64.5 || 2009
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Ukraine}} || 0.008 || 2.2 || 35.5 || 1,018 || 2007 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 2008
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|United Arab Emirates}} || 0.002 || 0.6 || 35.3 || 20 || 2003 || || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Uruguay}} || 0.006 || 1.7 || 34.7 || 56 || 2003 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 2009
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 0.008 || 2.3 || 36.2 || 603 || 2006 || 46.3 || 76.7 || 2003
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Vanuatu}} || 0.129 || 30.1 || 42.7 || 67 || 2007 || || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Vietnam}} || 0.084 || 17.7 || 47.2 || 14,249 || 2002 || 13.1 || 38.5 || 2008
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Yemen}} || 0.283 || 52.5 || 53.9 || 11,176 || 2006 || 17.5 || 46.6 || 2005
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Zambia}} || 0.328 || 64.2 || 51.2 || 7,739 || 2007 || 64.3 || 81.5 || 2004
| |
| |-
| |
| | align="left" | {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || 0.180 || 39.7 || 45.3 || 4,974 || 2006 || || ||
| |
| |}
| |
| <small>Source: Alkire, S. Roche, JM. Santos, ME. and Seth, S (November 2011) http://ophi.qeh.ox.ac.uk . Multidimensional Poverty Index: 2011 Data. Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative. Available at: www.ophi.org.uk/policy/multidimensional-poverty-index/.</small>
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| *[[Human Development Index]]
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| | |
| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
| |
| | |
| [[Category:International rankings]]
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| [[Category:Measurements and definitions of poverty]]
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| [[Category:United Nations Development Programme]]
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