Papyrus 60: Difference between revisions

From formulasearchengine
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older edit
en>Leszek Jańczuk
en>Trappist the monk
m Fix CS1 deprecated coauthor parameter errors; using AWB
 
Line 1: Line 1:
The '''Foster-Greer-Thorbecke''' (sometimes referred to as '''FGT''') metric is a generalized measure of [[poverty]] within an economy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Foster|first=James|coauthors=Joel Greer and Erik Thorbecke|title=A class of decomposablepoverty measures|journal=Econometrica|year=1984|volume=52|series=3|pages=761–766}}</ref> It measures the outfall from the povertyline and is weighted by <math> \alpha </math>. Therefore it is also considering the inequality among the poor but as the proper amount for <math> \alpha </math> is not pre defined (and a normative question) we cannot say that the Gini is part of the FGT.
%Also P0 is not part of FGT. The only measure that is combining P0, P1 and Gini is the Sen Index.
FGT measure was developed by Professor [[Erik Thorbecke]], his former student Professor Joel Greer, and another graduate student at [[Cornell University]] at the time, Professor James Foster.


The formula for the FGT is given by:


<math>FGT_\alpha=\frac {1} {N} \sum_{i=1}^H (\frac {z-y_i} {z})^\alpha </math>
by Nas, is very fitting and the film agrees with it. The next step is to visit your Word - Press blog dashboard.  If you have any kind of inquiries regarding where and the best ways to utilize [http://roaaad.com/link//wordpress_backup_plugin_3572182 wordpress backup], you can call us at our own web-site. Wordpress Content management systems, being customer friendly, can be used extensively to write and manage websites and blogs. s ultimately easy to implement and virtually maintenance free. Also our developers are well convergent with the latest technologies and bitty-gritty of wordpress website design and promises to deliver you the best solution that you can ever have. <br><br>Thus, it is imperative that you must Hire Word - Press Developers who have the expertise and proficiency in delivering theme integration and customization services. Infertility can cause a major setback to the couples due to the inability to conceive. This plugin is a must have for anyone who is serious about using Word - Press. They provide many such popular products which you can buy for your baby. Now a days it has since evolved into a fully capable CMS platform which make it,  the best platform in the world for performing online business. <br><br>Photography is an entire activity in itself, and a thorough discovery of it is beyond the opportunity of this content. But if you are not willing to choose cost to the detriment of quality, originality and higher returns, then go for a self-hosted wordpress blog and increase the presence of your business in this new digital age. Those who cannot conceive with donor eggs due to some problems can also opt for surrogacy option using the services of surrogate mother. You or your web designer can customize it as per your specific needs. There are plenty of tables that are attached to this particular database. <br><br>A built-in widget which allows you to embed quickly video from popular websites. I didn't straight consider near it solon than one distance, I got the Popup Ascendancy plugin and it's up and lengthways, likely you make seen it today when you visited our blog, and I yet customize it to fit our Thesis Wound which gives it a rattling uncomparable visage and search than any different popup you know seen before on any added journal, I hump arrogated asset of one of it's quatern themes to make our own. When we talk about functional suitability, Word - Press proves itself as one of the strongest contestant among its other rivals. If you are looking for Hire Wordpress Developer then just get in touch with him. Where from they are coming, which types of posts are getting top traffic and many more. <br><br>Internet is not only the source for information, it is also one of the source for passive income. Sanjeev Chuadhary is an expert writer who shares his knowledge about web development through their published articles and other resource. Just download it from the website and start using the same. This is because of the customization that works as a keystone for a SEO friendly blogging portal website. The 2010 voting took place from July 7 through August 31, 2010.
 
where <math>z</math> is an agreed upon poverty line (1.25$ or 2$ per day adjusted for [[purchasing power parity]] are the two most common poverty lines used by the [[World Bank]]. Developed countries usually have much higher poverty lines), <math>N</math> is the number of people in an economy, <math>H</math> is the number of poor (those with incomes at or below <math>z</math>), <math>y_i</math> are individual incomes and <math>\alpha</math> is a "sensitivity" parameter. If <math>\alpha</math> is low then the FGT metric weights all the individuals with incomes below z roughly the same. If <math>\alpha</math> is high, those with the lowest incomes (farthest below <math>z</math>) are given more weight in the measure. The higher the FGT statistic, the more poverty there is in an economy.
 
The FGT measure corresponds to other measures of poverty for particular values of <math>\alpha</math>. For <math>\alpha=0</math>, the formula reduces to
 
<math>FGT_0=\frac {H} {N}</math>
 
which is the Headcount ratio, or the fraction of the population which lives below the poverty line. If <math>\alpha=1</math> then the formula is
 
<math>FGT_1=\frac {1} {N} \sum_{i=1}^H (\frac {z-y_i} {z}) </math>
 
which is the average poverty gap, or the amount of income necessary to bring everyone in poverty right up to the poverty line, divided by total population. This can be thought of as the amount that an average person in the economy would have to contribute in order for poverty to be just barely eliminated.
 
While the two above versions are widely reported, a good deal of technical literature on poverty uses the <math>\alpha=2</math> version of the metric:
 
<math>FGT_2=\frac {1} {N} \sum_{i=1}^H (\frac {z-y_i} {z})^2 </math>
 
as in this form, the index combines information on both poverty and income inequality among the poor. Specifically in this instance the FGT can be rewritten as:
 
<math>FGT_2=H \mu^2 + (1-\mu^2) C_v^2</math>
 
where <math>C_v</math> is the [[coefficient of variation]] among those with incomes less than <math>z</math>, <math>H</math> is the total number of the poor as above, and <math>\mu</math> is given by
 
<math>\mu=\frac {1} {H}\sum_{i=1}^H  (\frac {z-y_i} {z}) </math>.
 
Other decompositions of the index are also possible.<ref>Mauricio Olavarria-Gambi: [http://www.inap.uchile.cl/gobierno/publicaciones/olavarria-poverty.pdf "Poverty Reduction in Chile: has economic growth been enough?"], Journal of Human Development, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2003</ref>
 
The <math>\alpha = 2</math> version of the index is officially part of the [[Mexican Constitution]] as a basis for all government measurements of poverty.<ref name="cornell">{{cite web | url=http://www.economics.cornell.edu/et17/etshbio.pdf | title=Erik Thorbecke, Bio | publisher=Cornell University | accessdate=15 January 2014}}</ref>
 
==Notes==
<references/>
 
[[Category:Measurements and definitions of poverty]]

Latest revision as of 14:32, 21 July 2014


by Nas, is very fitting and the film agrees with it. The next step is to visit your Word - Press blog dashboard. If you have any kind of inquiries regarding where and the best ways to utilize wordpress backup, you can call us at our own web-site. Wordpress Content management systems, being customer friendly, can be used extensively to write and manage websites and blogs. s ultimately easy to implement and virtually maintenance free. Also our developers are well convergent with the latest technologies and bitty-gritty of wordpress website design and promises to deliver you the best solution that you can ever have.

Thus, it is imperative that you must Hire Word - Press Developers who have the expertise and proficiency in delivering theme integration and customization services. Infertility can cause a major setback to the couples due to the inability to conceive. This plugin is a must have for anyone who is serious about using Word - Press. They provide many such popular products which you can buy for your baby. Now a days it has since evolved into a fully capable CMS platform which make it, the best platform in the world for performing online business.

Photography is an entire activity in itself, and a thorough discovery of it is beyond the opportunity of this content. But if you are not willing to choose cost to the detriment of quality, originality and higher returns, then go for a self-hosted wordpress blog and increase the presence of your business in this new digital age. Those who cannot conceive with donor eggs due to some problems can also opt for surrogacy option using the services of surrogate mother. You or your web designer can customize it as per your specific needs. There are plenty of tables that are attached to this particular database.

A built-in widget which allows you to embed quickly video from popular websites. I didn't straight consider near it solon than one distance, I got the Popup Ascendancy plugin and it's up and lengthways, likely you make seen it today when you visited our blog, and I yet customize it to fit our Thesis Wound which gives it a rattling uncomparable visage and search than any different popup you know seen before on any added journal, I hump arrogated asset of one of it's quatern themes to make our own. When we talk about functional suitability, Word - Press proves itself as one of the strongest contestant among its other rivals. If you are looking for Hire Wordpress Developer then just get in touch with him. Where from they are coming, which types of posts are getting top traffic and many more.

Internet is not only the source for information, it is also one of the source for passive income. Sanjeev Chuadhary is an expert writer who shares his knowledge about web development through their published articles and other resource. Just download it from the website and start using the same. This is because of the customization that works as a keystone for a SEO friendly blogging portal website. The 2010 voting took place from July 7 through August 31, 2010.

Retrieved from "https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Papyrus_60&oldid=262547"