Papyrus 121: Difference between revisions
en>Leszek Jańczuk |
en>Leszek Jańczuk interwiki |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Context|date=October 2009}} | |||
A '''GPRS roaming exchange''' ('''GRX''') acts as a hub for [[GPRS]] connections from [[roaming]] users, removing the need for a dedicated link between each GPRS service provider. It was developed to facilitate a more efficient way for operators to interconnect networks, and played a large part in the transition to third-generation systems. | |||
==Development== | |||
Initially GPRS roaming was based on complicated relationships between individual operators with each operator requiring a dedicated link to each different partner so that <math> \tfrac{N(N-1)}{2} </math>, whereby <math>N</math> is the number of global operators that would require a dedicated link. This meant that mobile subscribers who wanted to use GPRS whilst roaming could only do so if their operator had a direct agreement with the operator in the country or area in which they were roaming. | |||
In 2000 the GSMA ([[GSM]] Association) developed the idea of GRX to handle all roaming between [[PLMN|public land mobile networks]] (PLMNs).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gsma.com/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/ir3470.pdf |title=Inter-Service Provider IP Backbone Guidelines | |||
|author=GSM Association |date=23 January 2012 |accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref> | |||
==Technical implementation== | |||
Usually, GRX is based on a private or public [[Internet Protocol|IP]] backbone and uses [[GPRS Tunnelling Protocol]] on the [[session layer]] ([[OSI model|OSI]] Layer Five) between the visited [[PLMN]] (Public Land Mobile Network) and the home PLMN. Each GRX operator will have a network consisting of a set of routers and links connecting to the GPRS networks, moreover the GRX network will have links connecting to other GRX nodes in peer model. | |||
The GRX operator can therefore act as a hub, allowing a GPRS subscriber to interconnect with many roaming partners without the need for dedicated links. For operators this is advantageous in that it allows quicker implementation of roaming partners, faster time to market for new operators and lower [[capital expenditure]] seeing as it is a scalable solution depending on bandwidth and [[quality of service]] requirements. Because the interconnection between the visited PLMN and home PLMN uses private GRX networks there is also no need to maintain [[IPsec|Internet Protocol Security]] (IPsec) tunnels over the public internet. | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==See also== | |||
*[[IP exchange]] (IPX) | |||
[[Category:Mobile telecommunications standards]] | |||
[[Category:3GPP standards]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:05, 26 February 2013
My name is Jestine (34 years old) and my hobbies are Origami and Microscopy.
Here is my web site; http://Www.hostgator1centcoupon.info/ (support.file1.com)
A GPRS roaming exchange (GRX) acts as a hub for GPRS connections from roaming users, removing the need for a dedicated link between each GPRS service provider. It was developed to facilitate a more efficient way for operators to interconnect networks, and played a large part in the transition to third-generation systems.
Development
Initially GPRS roaming was based on complicated relationships between individual operators with each operator requiring a dedicated link to each different partner so that , whereby is the number of global operators that would require a dedicated link. This meant that mobile subscribers who wanted to use GPRS whilst roaming could only do so if their operator had a direct agreement with the operator in the country or area in which they were roaming.
In 2000 the GSMA (GSM Association) developed the idea of GRX to handle all roaming between public land mobile networks (PLMNs).[1]
Technical implementation
Usually, GRX is based on a private or public IP backbone and uses GPRS Tunnelling Protocol on the session layer (OSI Layer Five) between the visited PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) and the home PLMN. Each GRX operator will have a network consisting of a set of routers and links connecting to the GPRS networks, moreover the GRX network will have links connecting to other GRX nodes in peer model.
The GRX operator can therefore act as a hub, allowing a GPRS subscriber to interconnect with many roaming partners without the need for dedicated links. For operators this is advantageous in that it allows quicker implementation of roaming partners, faster time to market for new operators and lower capital expenditure seeing as it is a scalable solution depending on bandwidth and quality of service requirements. Because the interconnection between the visited PLMN and home PLMN uses private GRX networks there is also no need to maintain Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) tunnels over the public internet.
References
43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.
See also
- IP exchange (IPX)