|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Infobox scientist
| | Person who wrote the articles is called Eusebio. His [http://Www.Sharkbayte.com/keyword/friends friends] say it's unhealthy for him but precisely he loves doing is going to be acting and he's just lately been doing it for much too long. Filing has been his profession although. Massachusetts has always been his living place and his spouse and children members loves it. Go to his website locate out more: http://circuspartypanama.com<br><br> |
| |name = Beno Gutenberg
| |
| |image =
| |
| |birth_date = June 4, 1889
| |
| |birth_place = [[Darmstadt]], [[German Empire]]
| |
| |death_date = January 25, 1960
| |
| |death_place = [[Pasadena, California]]
| |
| |residence =
| |
| |citizenship =
| |
| |nationality = [[Germany]]
| |
| |ethnicity =
| |
| |field = [[seismology]]
| |
| |work_institutions = [[California Institute of Technology]]
| |
| |alma_mater = [[University of Göttingen]]
| |
| |doctoral_advisor = [[Emil Wiechert]]
| |
| |doctoral_students =
| |
| |known_for =
| |
| |influences =
| |
| |influenced =
| |
| |prizes =
| |
| |religion =
| |
| |footnotes =
| |
| }}
| |
| '''Beno Gutenberg''' (June 4, 1889 – January 25, 1960) was a German-American [[seismologist]] who made several important contributions to the science. He was a colleague and mentor of [[Charles Francis Richter]] at the [[California Institute of Technology]] and Richter's collaborator in developing the [[Richter magnitude scale]] for measuring an [[earthquake]]'s magnitude.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Life==
| | Check out my blog post [http://circuspartypanama.com clash of clans cheat gems] |
| Gutenberg was born in [[Darmstadt]], [[Germany]], and obtained his doctorate in physics from the [[University of Göttingen]] in 1911. His advisor was [[Emil Wiechert]]. During the [[World War I]], Gutenberg served in the German army as a meteorologist in support of [[Poison gas in World War I|gas warfare operations]].<ref>[http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6477&page=121 Biographical Memoirs of the NAS, vol. 76, p. 121]</ref> Gutenberg held positions at the [[University of Strasbourg]] which he lost when Strasbourg became French in 1918.
| |
| After some years where he had to sustain himself with managing his father's soap factory, he obtained in 1926 a junior professorship at [[Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main|University of Frankfurt-am-Main]], which was poorly paid.
| |
| | |
| Although he was already, in the 1920s, one of the leading seismologists worldwide and definitely the leading seismologist in Germany, he was then still dependent on the position in his father's factory, yet he continued his research in his spare time. In 1928, the attempt to become the successor of his academic teacher Emil Wiechert in Göttingen failed. There are hints that Gutenberg's [[Jewish]]{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} background might have played a role because, already in the 1920s, there were strong antisemitic tendencies in German universities. For similar reasons, he was also not accepted for a professorship in [[Potsdam]] to become the successor of [[Gustav Angenheister]].
| |
| | |
| Since Gutenberg could not sustain a career of scientific work in Germany, he accepted a position as Professor of Geophysics at the [[California Institute of Technology]] in Pasadena in 1930,<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Beno Gutenberg, Seismologist, 70|url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0604.html|date=January 28, 1960|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|accessdate=2012-01-24}}</ref> becoming founding director of the [[Caltech Seismological Laboratory|Seismological Laboratory]] when it was transferred to Caltech from [[Carnegie Institution for Science|Carnegie]]. Even if he had obtained a full professorship in Germany, he would have lost it in 1933 anyway, like so many other scientists of Jewish ancestry, at least 30 of whom emigrated to the United States under Gutenberg's sponsorship.
| |
| | |
| Gutenberg, especially in his collaboration with [[Charles Francis Richter]], made the Caltech Seismological Laboratory the leading seismological institute worldwide. Collaborating with Richter, Gutenberg developed a relationship between seismic magnitude and energy, represented in the equation
| |
| | |
| :<math>\!\ \log E(s) = 11.8 + 1.5 M.</math>
| |
| | |
| This gives the energy <math> E(s)</math> given from earthquakes from seismic waves in [[erg]]s. Another famous result known as [[Gutenberg–Richter law]] provides [[probability distribution]] of [[earthquake]]s for given [[energy]].
| |
| | |
| He also worked on determining the depth of the core-mantle boundary as well as other properties of the [[Structure of the Earth|interior of the earth]].
| |
| | |
| In 1952, Gutenberg received the Prix Charles Lagrange from the [[Academie royale de Belgique|Académie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique]]. [http://www.agu.org/inside/awards/gutenberg.html] Gutenberg remained director of the Seismological Laboratory until 1957, when he was succeeded by [[Frank Press]].
| |
| | |
| ==Works==
| |
| *{{Citation
| |
| |pmid = 17756389
| |
| |last=Gutenberg
| |
| |first=
| |
| |author-mask=1
| |
| |publication-date=Apr 1, 1960
| |
| |year=1960
| |
| |title=Low-Velocity Layers in the Earth, Ocean, and Atmosphere.
| |
| |volume=131
| |
| |issue=3405
| |
| |periodical=[[Science (journal)|Science]]
| |
| |pages=959–965
| |
| |doi = 10.1126/science.131.3405.959
| |
| |first1 = B
| |
| |bibcode = 1960Sci...131..959G }}
| |
| *{{Citation
| |
| |pmid = 17769434
| |
| |last=Buwalda
| |
| |first=
| |
| |last2=—
| |
| |first2=
| |
| |publication-date=Apr 19, 1935
| |
| |year=1935
| |
| |title=Investigation of overthrust faults by seismic methods
| |
| |volume=81
| |
| |issue=2103
| |
| |periodical=[[Science (journal)|Science]]
| |
| |pages=384–386
| |
| |doi = 10.1126/science.81.2103.384
| |
| |first1 = JP
| |
| |bibcode = 1935Sci....81..384B }}
| |
| | |
| ==See also==
| |
| *[[List of geophysicists]]
| |
| | |
| ==Notes==
| |
| {{reflist}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| *[http://www.agu.org/honorsprogram/bowie_lectures/gutenberg.shtml Biography at the American Geophysical Union website]
| |
| *[http://www.egu.eu/awards-medals/awards-and-medals/award/portrait-beno-gutenberg.html Biography at the European Geosciences Union website]
| |
| *[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/bgutenberg.html Leon Knopoff on Gutenberg, National Academy of Science]
| |
| *[http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/97/01/OH_Gutenberg_H.pdf Hertha Gutenberg Oral History, Caltech Archives]
| |
| *Biography of Beno Gutenberg by Leon Knopoff at [http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6477&page=114 Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 76 (1999)]
| |
| | |
| {{Authority control|VIAF=39480249}}
| |
| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| |
| | NAME = Gutenberg, Beno
| |
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| |
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Seismologist
| |
| | DATE OF BIRTH = June 4, 1889
| |
| | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Darmstadt]]
| |
| | DATE OF DEATH = January 25, 1960
| |
| | PLACE OF DEATH = [[Pasadena, California]]
| |
| }}
| |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Gutenberg, Beno}}
| |
| [[Category:American geophysicists]]
| |
| [[Category:American seismologists]]
| |
| [[Category:American Jews]]
| |
| [[Category:1960 deaths]]
| |
| [[Category:1889 births]]
| |
Person who wrote the articles is called Eusebio. His friends say it's unhealthy for him but precisely he loves doing is going to be acting and he's just lately been doing it for much too long. Filing has been his profession although. Massachusetts has always been his living place and his spouse and children members loves it. Go to his website locate out more: http://circuspartypanama.com
Check out my blog post clash of clans cheat gems