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| {{Hatnote|"8th", "Eight" and "Eighth" redirect here. For other uses see [[8 (disambiguation)]]}}
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| {{cleanup-reorganize|date=April 2012}}
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| {{Infobox number
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| | number = 8
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| | numeral = [[octal]]
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| | divisor = 1, 2, 4, 8
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| | roman unicode = Ⅷ, ⅷ
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| | greek prefix = [[Wikt:octa-|octa-]]/[[Wikt:oct-|oct-]]
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| | latin prefix = [[Wikt:octo-|octo-]]/[[Wikt:oct-|oct-]]
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| | lang1 = [[Greek numerals|Greek]]
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| | lang1 symbol = η (or Η)
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| | lang2 = [[Arabic language|Arabic]]
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| | lang2 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">٨,8</span>
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| | lang3 = [[Urdu]]
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| | lang3 symbol = {{Urdu numeral|8|20}}
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| | lang4 = [[Amharic]]
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| | lang4 symbol = <span style="font-size:100%;">፰</span>
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| | lang5 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
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| | lang5 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">৮</span>
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| | lang6 = [[Chinese numeral]]
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| | lang6 symbol = 八，捌
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| | lang7 = [[Devanāgarī]]
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| | lang7 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">८</span>
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| | lang8 = [[Kannada]]
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| | lang8 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">೮</span>
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| | lang9 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
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| | lang9 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">౮</span>
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| | lang10 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
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| | lang10 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">௮</span>
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| | lang11 = [[Biblical Hebrew|Hebrew]]
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| | lang11 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">ח</span> (Het)
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| | lang12 = [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
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| | lang12 symbol = <span style="font-size:150%;">שמונה</span> (shmoneh)
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| | lang13 = [[Khmer numerals|Khmer]]
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| | lang13 symbol = ៨
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| | lang14 = [[Korean numerals|Korean]]
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| | lang14 symbol = 팔
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| | lang15 = [[Thai numerals|Thai]]
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| | lang15 symbol = ๘
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| }}
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| '''8''' ('''eight''' {{IPAc-en|'|eɪ|t|}}) is the [[natural number]] following [[7 (number)|7]] and preceding [[9 (number)|9]]. It is the root word of two other numbers: ''[[18 (number)|eighteen]]'' (eight and ten) and ''[[80 (number)|eighty]]'' (eight tens). The word is derived from Middle English ''eighte''.
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| ==In mathematics==
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| 8 is a [[composite number]], its [[proper divisor]]s being [[1 (number)|1]], [[2 (number)|2]], and [[4 (number)|4]].
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| It is twice 4 or four times 2. Eight is a [[power of two]], being <math>2^3</math> (two cubed), and is the first number of the form <math>p^3</math>, p being an integer greater than 1. It has an [[divisor function#Definition|aliquot sum]] of [[7 (number)|7]] in the 4 member [[aliquot sequence]] (8,7,1,0) being the first member of 7-aliquot tree. It is symbolized by the [[Arabic numerals|Arabic numeral]] (figure)
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| All powers of 2 ;(<math>2^x</math>), have an [[divisor function#Definition|aliquot sum]] of one less than themselves.
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| A number is divisible by 8 if its last 3 digits are also divisible by 8.
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| Eight is the first number to be the aliquot sum of two numbers other than itself; the discrete biprime [[10 (number)|10]], and the square number [[49 (number)|49]].
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| 8 is the base of the [[octal]] number system, which is mostly used with [[computer]]s. In octal, one digit represents 3 [[bit]]s. In modern computers, a [[byte]] is a grouping of eight bits, also called an [[wikt:octet|octet]].
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| The number 8 is a [[Fibonacci number]], being [[3 (number)|3]] plus [[5 (number)|5]]. The next Fibonacci number is [[13 (number)|13]]. 8 is the only positive Fibonacci number, aside from 1, that is a perfect cube.<ref>Bryan Bunch, ''The Kingdom of Infinite Number''. New York: W. H. Freeman & Company (2000): 88</ref>
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| 8 is the only nonzero [[perfect power]] that is one less than another perfect power, by [[Catalan conjecture|Mihăilescu's Theorem]].
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| 8 is the order of the smallest non-abelian group all of whose subgroups are normal.
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| 8 and 9 form a [[Ruth–Aaron pair]] under the second definition in which repeated prime factors are counted as often as they occur.
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| A [[polygon]] with eight sides is an [[octagon]]. [[Figurate number]]s representing octagons (including eight) are called [[octagonal number]]s. A [[polyhedron]] with eight faces is an [[octahedron]]. A [[cuboctahedron]] has as faces six equal squares and eight equal regular triangles.
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| A [[cube]] has eight [[vertex (geometry)|vertices]].
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| [[Sphenic number]]s always have exactly eight divisors.
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| 8 is the dimension of the [[octonion]]s and is the highest possible dimension of a [[normed division algebra]].
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| The number 8 is involved with a number of interesting mathematical phenomena related to the notion of [[Bott periodicity theorem|Bott periodicity]]. For example if <math>O(\infty)</math> is the direct limit of the inclusions of real orthogonal groups <math>O(1)\hookrightarrow O(2)\hookrightarrow\ldots\hookrightarrow O(k)\hookrightarrow\ldots</math> then <math>\pi_{k+8}(O(\infty))\cong\pi_{k}(O(\infty))</math>. Clifford algebras also display a periodicity of 8. For example the algebra <math>Cl(p+8,q)</math> is isomorphic to the algebra of 16 by 16 matrices with entries in <math>Cl(p,q)</math>. We also see a period of 8 in the [[K-theory]] of spheres and in the [[group representation|representation theory]] of the [[special orthogonal group|rotation group]]s, the latter giving rise to the 8 by 8 [[spinor]]ial chessboard. All of these properties are closely related to the properties of the [[octonion]]s.
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| The [[spin group]] <math>Spin(8)</math> is the unique such group that exhibits the phenomenon of [[triality]].
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| The lowest dimensional even [[unimodular lattice]] is the 8-dimensional [[E8 (mathematics)|E<sub>8</sub>]] lattice. Even positive definite unimodular lattice exist only in dimensions divisible by 8.
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| A figure 8 is the common name of a [[geometry|geometric]] [[shape]], often used in the context of sports, such as skating. Figure-eight turns of a rope or cable around a cleat, pin, or bitt are used to belay something.
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| ===In numeral systems===
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| {| class=wikitable
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| |-
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| ! [[Radix|Base]] !! [[Numeral system]] !! Representation
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| |-
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| | 2 || [[Binary numeral system|binary]] || 1000
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| |-
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| | 3 || [[Ternary numeral system|ternary]] || 22
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| |-
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| | 4 || [[quaternary numeral system|quaternary]] || 20
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| |-
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| | 5 || [[quinary]] || 13
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| |-
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| | 6 || [[senary]] || 12
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| |-
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| | 7 || [[septenary]] || 11
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| |-
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| | 8 || [[octal]] || 10
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| |-
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| | colspan=2 | over 8 ([[decimal]], [[hexadecimal]]) || 8
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| |}
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| ==In culture==
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| *The number eight is considered to be a [[Numbers in Chinese culture|lucky number in Chinese]] and other Asian cultures.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ang|first=Swee Hoon|title=Chinese consumers’ perception of alpha-numeric brand names|journal=Journal of Consumer Marketing|year=1997|volume=14|issue=3|pages=220–233|url=http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=856257&show=abstract|doi=10.1108/07363769710166800}}</ref>
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| *[[Hanukkah]] is a [[Jewish]] [[festival]] [[holiday]] that lasts eight days and eight nights.
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| ==Evolution of the glyph==
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| [[Image:Evo8glyph.svg|x50px|right]]
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| In the beginning, various groups in India wrote eight more or less in one stroke as a curve that looks like an uppercase H with the bottom half of the left line and the upper half of the right line removed. At one point this [[glyph]] came close to looking like our modern five. With the western Ghubar Arabs, the similarity of the glyph to five was banished by connecting the beginning and the end of stroke together, and it was only a matter of the Europeans rounding the glyph that led to our modern eight.<ref>Georges Ifrah, ''The Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer'' transl. David Bellos et al. London: The Harvill Press (1998): 395, Fig. 24.68</ref>
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| Just as in most modern [[typeface]]s, in typefaces with [[text figures]] the 8 character usually has an [[ascender (typography)|ascender]], as, for example, in [[Image:TextFigs148.svg]].
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| ==In science==
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| ===Physics===
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| * In nuclear physics, the second [[Magic number (physics)|magic number]].
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| * In [[particle physics]], the [[eightfold Way (physics)|eightfold way]] is used to classify sub-atomic particles.
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| * In [[statistical mechanics]], the [[eight-vertex model]] has 8 possible configurations of arrows at each vertex.
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| ===Astronomy===
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| * [[Messier object]] [[Lagoon Nebula|M8]], a magnitude 5.0 [[nebula]] in the [[constellation]] of [[Sagittarius (constellation)|Sagittarius]].
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| * The [[New General Catalogue]] [http://www.ngcic.org/ object] [[NGC 8]], a double star in the constellation [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]].
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| * The [[Saros cycle|Saros]] [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/SEsaros/SEsaros1-175.html number] of the [[solar eclipse]] series which began on 2579 [[Common Era|BCE]] 7 March and ended on 1281 BCE 26 April. The duration of Saros series 8 was 1298.1 years, and it contained 73 solar eclipses.
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| * The Saros [http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/LEsaros/LEsaros1-175.html number] of the [[lunar eclipse]] series which began on 2512 BCE 27 July and ended on 961 BCE 13 February. The duration of Saros series 7 was 1550.6 years, and it contained 87 lunar eclipses.
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| * As of 2006, in our [[Solar System]], eight of the bodies orbiting the Sun are considered to be [[planet]]s.
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| ===Chemistry===
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| * The [[atomic number]] of [[oxygen]].
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| * The number of [[allotropes of carbon]].
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| * The most stable allotrope of a sulphur molecule is made of eight sulphur atoms arranged in a rhombic form.
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| * The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a [[electron shell#Valence shells|valence shell]].
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| * The red pigment [[lycopene]] consists of eight [[isoprene]] units.
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| ===Geology===
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| * A [[disphenoid]] crystal is bounded by eight scalene triangles arranged in pairs. A ditetragonal prism in the [[tetragonal crystal system]] has eight similar faces whose alternate interfacial angles only are equal.
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| ===Biology===
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| * All [[spider]]s, and more generally all [[arachnid]]s, have eight legs. [[Orb-weaver spider]]s of the cosmopolitan family Areneidae have eight similar eyes.
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| * The [[octopus]] and its cephalopod relatives in genus [[Argonaut (animal)|Argonauta]] have eight arms (tentacles).
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| * Compound coelenterates of the subclass or order [[octocorallia|Alcyonaria]] have polyps with eight-branched tentacles and eight septa.
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| * Sea anemones of genus ''[[Edwardsia]]'' have eight [[Mesentery#Invertebrate anatomy|mesenteries]].
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| * Animals of phylum [[Ctenophora]] swim by means of eight meridional bands of transverse ciliated plates, each plate representing a row of large modified cilia.
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| * The eight-spotted forester (genus ''Alypia'', family [[Zygaenidae]]) is a diurnal moth having black wings with brilliant white spots.
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| * The [[ascus]] in fungi of the class [[Ascomycota#Ascomycetes versus Ascomycetes|Ascomycetes]], following nuclear fusion, bears within it typically eight ascospores.
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| * Herbs of genus ''[[Coreopsis]]'' ([[tickseed]]) have showy flower heads with involucral bracts in two distinct series of eight each.
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| * [[Timothy Leary]] identified a [[8-Circuit Model of Consciousness|hierarchy of eight levels of consciousness]].
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| * In human [[adult dentition]] there are eight teeth in each quadrant. The eighth tooth is the so-called [[wisdom tooth]].
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| * There are eight [[cervical nerves]] on each side in man and most mammals.
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| ==Architecture and engineering==
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| * Various types of buildings are usually eight-sided (octagonal), such as single-roomed [[gazebo]]s and multi-roomed [[pagoda]]s (descended from stupas; see religion section below).
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| * Eight [[Glossary of architecture#C|caulicoles]] rise out of the leafage in a [[Corinthian order|Corinthian capital]], ending in leaves that support the [[volutes]].
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| ==In religion==
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| ;Buddhism
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| [[Image:Dharma Wheel.svg|thumb|right|The 8-spoked [[Dharmacakra]] represents the [[Noble Eightfold Path]]]]
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| * The [[Dharmacakra]], a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] symbol, has eight spokes. The Buddha's principal teaching—the [[Four Noble Truths]]—ramifies as the [[Noble Eightfold Path]].
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| * In [[Mahayana]] Buddhism, the branches of the Eightfold Path are embodied by the Eight Great Bodhisattvas: ([[Manjusri]], [[Vajrapani]], [[Avalokiteśvara]], [[Maitreya]], [[Ksitigarbha]], Nivaranavishkambhi, [[Akasagarbha]], and [[Samantabhadra]]). These are later (controversially) associated with the Eight Consciousnesses according to the [[Yogacara]] school of thought: consciousness in the five senses, thought-consciousness, self-consciousness, and unconsciousness-'consciousness' (alaya-vijñana). The 'irreversible' state of enlightenment, at which point a Bodhisattva goes on 'autopilot', is the Eight Ground or ''bhūmi''. In general, 'eight' seems to be an auspicious number for Buddhists, e.g., the 'eight auspicious symbols' (the jewel-encrusted parasol; the goldfish (always shown as a pair, e.g., the glyph of Pisces); the self-replenishing amphora; the white ''kamala'' lotus-flower; the white conch; the eternal (Celtic-style, infinitely looping) knot; the banner of imperial victory; the eight-spoked wheel that guides the ship of state, or that symbolizes the Buddha's teaching). Similarly, [[Buddha's Birthday|Buddha's birthday]] falls on the 8th day of the 4th month of the [[Chinese calendar]].
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| ;Judaism
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| * The religious rite of [[brit milah]] (commonly known as [[circumcision]]) is held on a baby boy's eighth day of life.
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| * [[Hanukkah]] is an eight-day Jewish holiday that starts on the 25th day of [[Kislev]].
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| * [[Shemini Atzeret]] ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: "Eighth Day of Assembly") is a one-day Jewish holiday immediately following the seven-day holiday of [[Sukkot]].
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| ;Christianity
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| * The spiritual [[The eighth day (Christian)|Eighth Day]], because the number 7 refers to the days of the week (which repeat themselves).
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| * The number of [[Beatitudes]].
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| * In [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] the [[Anti-Christ]] is the eighth king.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=sMxBttwNnEMC "Life Application New Testament Commentary"], Bruce B. Barton. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2001. ISBN 0-8423-7066-8, ISBN 978-0-8423-7066-0. p. 1257</ref>
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| ;Islam
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| *In [[Islam]], It is the number of [[Angel]]s carrying The Holy [[Throne]] of [[Allah]] in heavens.
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| ;Other
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| * The [[Eight Immortals]] are Chinese demigods.
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| * In [[Wicca]], there are eight Sabbats, festivals, seasons, or spokes in the [[Wheel of the Year]].
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| * In [[Hinduism]], it is the number of wealth, abundance. The Goddess [[Lakshmi]] has eight forms. There are eight ''nidhi'', or seats of wealth. There are also eight [[Guardians of the directions]].
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| * In [[Taoism]] and Chinese cosmology, the eight trigrams of the [[Ba gua]]. "Ba gua" literally means "eight symbols".
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| * In [[Ancient Egyptian mythology]], the [[Ogdoad]] represents the [[Ancient Egyptian creation myths|eight primordial deities of creation]].
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| ==In superstition and divination==
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| ===As a lucky number===<!-- This section is linked from [[2008 Summer Olympics]] -->
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| * Eight ({{lang|zh-Hani|八}}; [[Chinese numerals#Numeral characters|accounting]] {{lang|zh-Hani|捌}}; [[pinyin]] ''bā'') is considered a [[Numbers in Chinese culture#Eight|lucky number in Chinese culture]] because it sounds like the word meaning to generate wealth ({{lang|zh-Hant|發(T) 发(S)}}; [[Pinyin]]: ''fā''). Property with the number 8 may be valued greatly by Chinese. For example, a Hong Kong [[Vehicle registration plate|number plate]] with the number 8 was sold for $640,000.<ref>{{Cite journal| url=http://www.umac.edu.mo/fba/irer/papers/past/vol2_pdf/079-093LN-NZ.pdf |journal=International Real Estate Review| year=1999 |volume=2 |pages=79–93 |title=Hedonic Prices and House Numbers: The Influence of Feng Shui |author=Steven C. Bourassa, Vincent S. Peng |issue=1| postscript=}}</ref> The opening ceremony of the [[2008 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics in Beijing]] started at 8 seconds and 8 minutes past 8 pm (local time) on 8 August 2008.<ref name="game">[http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/aug/09/olympics2008.openingceremony "Patriot games: China makes its point with greatest show"] by Richard Williams, ''[[The Guardian]]'', published 9 August 2008</ref>
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| * {{Nihongo|Eight|八|hachi, ya}} is also considered a lucky number in Japanese culture, but the reason is different from that in Chinese culture. Eight gives an idea of growing prosperous, because the letter (八) broadens gradually.
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| * The Japanese thought {{Nihongo|eight|や|ya}} as a holy number in the ancient times. The reason is less well understood, but it is thought that it is related to the fact they used eight to express large numbers vaguely such as {{Nihongo|manyfold|やえはたえ|Yae Hatae}} (literally, eightfold and twentyfold), {{Nihongo|many clouds|やくも|Yakumo}} (literally, eight clouds), {{Nihongo|millions and millions of Gods|やおよろずのかみ|Yaoyorozu no Kami}} (literally, eight millions of Gods), etc. It is also guessed that the ancient Japanese gave importance to pairs, so some researchers guess twice as {{Nihongo|four|よ|yo}}, which is also guessed to be a holy number in those times because it indicates the world (north, south, east, and west) might be considered a very holy number.
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| * In [[numerology]], 8 is the number of building, and in some theories, also the number of destruction.
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| ===In astrology===
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| * In [[astrology]], [[Scorpius|Scorpio]] is the 8th [[astrological sign]] of the [[Zodiac]].
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| * In the [[Middle Ages]], 8 was the number of "unmoving" stars in the sky, and symbolized the perfection of incoming planetary energy.
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| ==In music and dance==
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| * A note played for one-eighth the duration of a whole note is called an [[eighth note]], or quaver.
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| * An [[octave]], the interval between two [[note]]s with the same letter name (where one has double the frequency of the other), is so called because there are eight notes between the two on a standard major or minor [[diatonic scale]], including the notes themselves and without chromatic deviation. The ecclesiastical [[musical mode|mode]]s are ascending diatonic musical scales of eight notes or tones comprising an octave.
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| * There are eight notes in the [[octatonic scale]].
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| * There are eight musicians in a double quartet or an [[octet (music)|octet]]. Both terms may also refer to a musical composition for eight voices or instruments.
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| * Caledonians is a square dance for eight, resembling the [[quadrille]].
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| * [[Album]]s with the number eight in their title include ''8'' by the Swedish band [[Arvingarna]] and ''[[The Meaning of 8]]'' by Minnesota indie rock band [[Cloud Cult]]
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| * [[Dream Theater]]'s eighth album ''[[Octavarium (album)|Octavarium]]'' contains many different references to the number 8, including the number of songs and various aspects of the music and cover artwork
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| * "Eight maids a-milking" is the gift on the eighth day of Christmas in the carol "[[The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)|The Twelve Days of Christmas]]"
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| * The [[8-track tape|8-track cartridge]] is a musical recording format
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| * "#8" is the stagename of [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] vocalist [[Corey Taylor]]
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| * "Too Many Eights" is a song by Athens, Georgia's [[Supercluster (band)|Supercluster]].
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| * [[Eight Seconds]], a Canadian musical group popular in the 1980s with their most notable song "Kiss You (When It's Dangerous)"
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| * "[[Eight Days a Week (song)|Eight Days a Week]]" is a #1 single for the music group [[The Beatles]].
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| ==In film and television==
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| *''[[8 Guys]]'' is a 2003 short film written and directed by [[Dane Cook]]
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| *[[8 Mile (film)|''8 Mile'']] is a 2002 film directed by [[Curtis Hanson]]
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| *[[8mm (film)|''8mm'']] is a 1999 film directed by [[Joel Schumacher]]
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| *''[[8 Women]]'' (Original French title: 8 femmes) is a 2002 film directed by [[François Ozon]]
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| *''[[Eight Below]]'' is a 2006 film directed by [[Frank Marshall (film producer)|Frank Marshall]]
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| *''[[Eight Legged Freaks]]'' is a 2002 film directed by [[Ellory Elkayem]]
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| *''[[Eight Men Out]]'' is a 1988 film directed by [[John Sayles]]
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| *''[[Jennifer Eight]]'', also known as ''Jennifer 8'', is a 1992 film written and directed by [[Bruce Robinson]]
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| *''[[Eight Is Enough]]'' is an American television comedy-drama series
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| *In ''[[Stargate SG-1]]'' and ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'', dialing an 8-chevron address will open a [[wormhole]] to another galaxy.
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| *[[Figure 8 (album)|''Figure 8'']] is the fifth studio album by singer-songwriter [[Elliott Smith]], released in the year 2000.
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| *''[[Jon & Kate Plus 8]]'' is an American reality television show
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| *[[The Weather Channel]]'s segment ''[[Local on the 8s]]'' features forecasts for cities in the United States
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| *The number 8 is referenced in [[Homer's Barbershop Quartet|an episode]] of ''[[The Simpsons]]'', in which [[Barney Gumble]] composes a [[sound collage]] comprising repeated utterances of the number 8 over tape loops of his own burps.<ref name="YouTube">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PZe9_LWlOtM Barney's burp song]</ref> This in itself is a reference to The Beatles' "[[Revolution 9]]".
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| ==In sports and other games==
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| [[Image:8 ball icon.svg|200px|right]]
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| *[[Eight-ball]] [[pocket billiards]] is played with a cue ball and 15 numbered balls, the black ball numbered 8 being the middle and most important one, as the winner is the player or side that legally pockets it after first pocketing its numerical group of 7 object balls (for other meanings see ''[[Eight ball (disambiguation)]]'').
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| *Balklines divide a billiards table into eight outside compartments or divisions called balks. In [[Balkline and straight rail#The ascendancy of balkline|balkline billiards]] the table also has eight anchor spaces.
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| *In the [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Games of the XXIX Olympiad]], the official opening was on 08/08/08 at 8:08:08 p.m. local time in [[Beijing, China]].
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| * In [[association football|football]], the number 8 has historically been the number of the Central Midfielder.
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| * in [[baseball]] scorekeeping, the [[center fielder]] is designated as number 8.
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| * In [[rugby union]], the only position without a proper name is the [[Number eight (rugby union)|Number 8]], a forward position.
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| * In most [[rugby league]] competitions (though not the European [[Super League]], which uses static squad numbering), one of the two starting props wears the number 8.
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| *In [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]] an "eight" refers to a sweep-oar racing boat with a crew of eight rowers plus a [[coxswain]].
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| *In [[chess]], each side has eight pawns and the board is made of 64 squares arranged in an eight by eight lattice. The [[eight queens puzzle]] is a challenge to arrange eight queens on the board so that none can capture any of the others.
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| *In the game of eights or [[Crazy Eights]], each successive player must play a card either of the same suit or of the same rank as that played by the preceding player, or may play an eight and call for any suit. The object is to get rid of all one's cards first.
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| *In [[poker]], a "[[dead man's hand]]" contains two pairs; aces and eights.
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| *The throw of eight in [[craps]] is called (in [[rhyming slang]]) an eighter from Decatur.
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| *While racing for DEI, [[Dale Earnhardt, Jr.]] raced in the #8 car in the [[NASCAR]] [[Sprint Cup Series]] .
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| *[[Ralph Earnhardt]], [[Dale Earnhardt, Jr.]]'s grandfather drove #8 in the [[NASCAR Sportsman Division]] and [[NASCAR]] [[Grand National Series]]
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| *In Israeli Football Premiere league, [[Maccabi Tel Aviv]] legendary star- [[Avi Nimni]] wore the number 8 and it retired with him.
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| *[[Nintendo]]'s ''[[Mario Kart]]'' series:
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| **The number of drivers required to compete in each race.
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| **The total number of cups in ''[[Mario Kart DS]]'', ''[[Mario Kart Wii]]'' and ''[[Mario Kart 7]]''.
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| *The jersey number 8 has been retired by several [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|North American sports]] teams in honor of past playing greats or other key figures:
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| ** In [[Major League Baseball]]:
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| *** The [[Baltimore Orioles]], for [[National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum|Hall of Famer]] [[Cal Ripken, Jr.]]
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| *** The [[Boston Red Sox]], for Hall of Famer [[Carl Yastrzemski]].
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| *** The [[Cincinnati Reds]], for Hall of Famer [[Joe Morgan]].
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| *** The [[Montreal Expos]], for Hall of Famer [[Gary Carter]]. The franchise continues to honor the number in its current incarnation as the [[Washington Nationals]] (although it initially planned to reissue all of the Expos' retired numbers).
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| *** The [[New York Yankees]], for Hall of Famers [[Yogi Berra]] and [[Bill Dickey]].
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| *** The [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], for Hall of Famer [[Willie Stargell]].
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| ** In the [[National Football League|NFL]]:
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| *** The [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]], for [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Larry Wilson (American football)|Larry Wilson]]. The franchise, now the [[Arizona Cardinals]], continues to honor the number.
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| *** The [[San Francisco 49ers]], for Hall of Famer [[Steve Young]].
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| *** The [[Dallas Cowboys]] have a policy of not retiring numbers. However, they have not issued #8 since the retirement of Hall of Famer [[Troy Aikman]] after the 2000 season.
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| *** The [[New Orleans Saints]] have never formally retired the number, but have not reissued #8 since [[Archie Manning]] left the team during the 1982 season.
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| ** In the [[National Hockey League|NHL]]:
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| *** The [[Boston Bruins]], for [[Hockey Hall of Fame|Hall of Famer]] [[Cam Neely]].<ref>[http://www.azhockey.com/Ne.htm#Neely,%20Cam A to Z Encyclopaedia of Ice Hockey]</ref>
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| *** The [[Minnesota North Stars]], for [[Bill Goldsworthy]]. The franchise, now the [[Dallas Stars]], continues to honor the number.
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| *** The [[Ottawa Senators]], for [[Frank Finnigan]], the final surviving player from the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|original Senators]] team that won the 1927 Stanley Cup, and an ambassador for the group that returned the NHL to Ottawa.
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| *** The [[St. Louis Blues]], for [[Barclay Plager]].
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| *** The [[Quebec Nordiques]] retired the number for [[Marc Tardif]]. However, the team moved to [[Denver]] as the [[Colorado Avalanche]] after the [[1994–95 NHL season|1994–95 season]], and the Avalanche placed all of the Nordiques' retired numbers back into circulation.
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| ** The number has yet to be retired in the [[National Basketball Association|NBA]].
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| ==In technology==
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| [[Image:Seven-segment 8.svg|25px|right]]
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| * A [[byte]] is eight [[bit]]s
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| * Many (mostly historic) computer architectures are eight-bit, among them the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]
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| * [[Standard 8 mm film|Standard-8]] and [[Super 8 mm film|Super-8]] are 8 mm [[List of film formats|film formats]]
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| * Video8, Hi8 and Digital8 are related [[8 mm video format]]s
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| * On most phones, the 8 key is associated with the letters [[T]], [[U]], and [[V]], but on the [[BlackBerry]] it is the key for [[B]], [[N]], and [[X]].
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| * An eight may refer to an eight-cylinder engine or automobile. A [[V8 engine]] is an [[internal combustion engine]] with eight cylinders configured in two banks (rows) of four forming a "V" when seen from the end.
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| * A [[figure-eight knot]] is frequently used by climbers.
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| * The number eight written in parentheses is the code for the musical note in [[Windows Live Messenger]]
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| * On a [[seven-segment display]], when an 8 is illuminated, all the display bulbs are on.
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| ==In measurement==
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| * The [[SI prefix]] for 1000<sup>8</sup> is yotta (Y), and for its reciprocal, yocto (y).
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| * In liquid measurement ([[United States customary units]]), there are eight [[fluid ounce]]s in a [[Cup (volume)|cup]], eight [[pint]]s in a [[gallon]] and eight [[tablespoon]]fuls in a [[gill (volume)|gill]].
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| * There are eight [[furlong]]s in a mile.
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| * The clove, an old [[English units#Avoirdupois|English unit]] of weight, was equal to eight pounds when measuring cheese.
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| * An eight may be an article of clothing of the eighth [[clothing sizes|size]].
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| * Force eight is the first [[wind]] strength attributed to a [[gale]] on the [[Beaufort scale]] when announced on a [[Shipping Forecast]].
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| ==In foods==
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| * [[Nestlé]] sells a brand of chocolates filled with peppermint-flavoured cream called ''[[After Eight]]'', referring to the time 8 p.m.
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| * There are eight vegetables in [[V8 (beverage)|V8]] juice
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| * In cooking recipes, there are approximately 8 pinches to a [[teaspoon]]
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| ==In literature==
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| * Eights may refer to [[octosyllable|octosyllabic]], usually [[Choliamb|iambic]], [[Meter (poetry)|lines]] of verse.
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| * The drott-kvaett, an [[Old Icelandic]] verse, consisted of a stanza of eight regular lines.
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| * In [[Terry Pratchett]]'s ''[[Discworld]]'' series, eight is a holy number and is considered taboo. Eight is not safe to be said by wizards on the [[Discworld (world)|Discworld]] and is the number of [[Discworld gods#Bel-Shamharoth|Bel-Shamharoth]]. Also, there are eight days in a Disc week and eight colours in a Disc spectrum, the eighth one being [[Octarine]]
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| * [[Lewis Carroll]]'s poem [[The Hunting of the Snark]] has 8 "fits" (cantos), which is noted in the full name "The Hunting of the Snark - ''An Agony, in Eight Fits''
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| * 8 apparitions appear to [[Macbeth (character)|Macbeth]] in Act 4 scene 1 of Shakespeare's [[Macbeth]] as representations of the 8 descendants of [[Banquo]]
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| ==In slang==
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| * An "eighth" is a common measurement of [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]], meaning an eighth of an [[ounce]].<ref>[http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=eighth, urban dictionary]</ref> It is also a common unit of sale for [[psilocybin mushrooms]].<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=off&client=safari&rls=en-us&q=%22eighth+of+shrooms%22&btnG=Search, psilocybin mushrooms]</ref> Also, an eighth of an ounce of [[cocaine]] is commonly referred to as an "8-ball."<ref>http://www.thegooddrugsguide.com/cocaine/faq.htm</ref>
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| * Referring to the shape of the numeral, eight was represented in [[Bingo (U.S.)|bingo]] slang, before [[political correctness]], as "One Fat Lady". Eighty-eight was "Two Fat Ladies"
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| * The numeral "8" is sometimes used in writing to represent the syllable "ate", as in writing "H8" for "hate", or "congratul8ions" for "congratulations". [[Avril Lavigne]]'s song "Sk8er Boi" uses this convention in the title. The search engine "Targ8"<ref>[http://www.targ8.com , Targ8 your search engine ]</ref> uses it to replace "et" in Target. Often found on [[vanity plate]]s
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| * "Section 8" is common U.S. slang for "crazy", based on the [[United States armed forces|U.S. military's]] [[Section 8 (military)|Section 8]] discharge for [[Mental disorder|mentally unfit]] personnel
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| * The [[Section 8 (housing)|Housing Choice Voucher Program]], operated by the [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development]], is commonly referred to as the Section 8 program, as this was the original section of the Act which instituted the program
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| * In [[Colombia]] and [[Venezuela]], "volverse un ocho" (meaning to tie oneself in a figure 8) refers to getting in trouble or contradicting one's self.
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| * In China, '8' is used in chat speak as a term for parting. This is due to the closeness in pronunciation of '8' (bā) and the English word 'bye'.
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| * Eight is symbolic for lesbian sexual relations.
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| ==In other fields==
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| [[Image:ICS Eight.svg|right|thumb|100px|[[Naval flag signalling#Numerals|NATO signal flag]] for 8]]
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| [[Image:8 playing cards.jpg|thumb|250px|Four [[playing card]]s showing the "8" of all four suits]]
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| *[[Eight, West Virginia]], a community in the United States
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| * The ordinal adjective is ''octaval'' or ''octavary''.
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| * The distributive adjective is ''octonary''.
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| * Eight babies delivered in one birth are called [[octuplet]]s. The first set of eight surviving babies, the [[Chukwu octuplets]], were born in 1998
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| * October was the eighth month in the Roman calendar; currently August is the eighth month
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| * A double [[quatrefoil]] has eight foils used as the [[cadency]] mark of a ninth son.
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| * A [[Dukes in the United Kingdom#Coronet|duke's coronet]], worn by a British or Irish duke, has eight conventional strawberry leaves upon the rim of the circlet.
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| * Eight extra facets are sometimes added around the culet at the lower pyramid of a [[brilliant (diamond cut)|brilliant]] diamond.
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| * [[Interstate 8|I-8]] is the designation of the US interstate highway that runs from [[San Diego, California]] to [[Casa Grande, Arizona]]
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| * Eight is the number of categories the [[VALS system]] uses to classify consumer groups, and the number of categories used by [[Fallon-McElligott]]'s system for teen marketing
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| * [[War of the Eight Princes]], a war in Chinese history
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| * "88" is the abbreviated terminology used by the [[Aryan Brotherhood]] for the [[Nazism|Nazi]] salute, [[Hitler salute|"Heil Hitler"]] – "H" being the eighth letter of the alphabet, twice
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| * The silver [[Spanish dollar|piece of eight]] was coined in the [[Spanish Empire]] and moved trade around the world. Examples include the [[Carolus (coin)|Carolus]] dollar, [[Spanish dollar#Ireland and British colonies|cob]] and cut. A [[doubloon]] was worth 8 gold escudos or 16 pieces of eight.
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| * Eight elementary grades are included in the eight-four plan of school organization (along with four secondary grades).
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| * 8 is the official number of the [[Bishop James Madison Society]], a [[secret society]] at [[the College of William & Mary]].
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| * There are [[Eight Principles of Yong]] in Chinese calligraphy
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| * [[Octavo|8vo]] is shorthand for "octavo", a book size.
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| * [[Ashcan School|The Eight]] - Eight American painters who exhibited together only once in 1908 in New York City. They joined this exhibition to oppose traditions upheld by the National Academy and help advance modernism in the United States. Five of the eight painters were associated with the [[Ashcan School]]: Robert Henri (1865–1929), George Luks (1867–1933), William Glackens (1870–1938), John Sloan (1871–1951), and Everett Shinn (1876–1953), along with Maurice Prendergast (1859–1924), Ernest Lawson (1873–1939), and Arthur Bowen Davies (1862–1928).
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| * [[Astadiggajas]] is the collective title given to the eight [[Telugu language|Telugu]] [[poets]] in the [[court (royal)|court]] of the [[monarch|emperor]] [[Krishnadevaraya|Sri Krishnadevaraya]] who ruled the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] from 1509 until his death in 1529.
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| * A [[stop sign]] has eight sides.
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| * In mythology, the horse of the Norse god Odin has eight legs and is called Sleipnir.
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| * [[Proposition 8]], the ballot measure banning same-sex marriage in [[California]].
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| * [[No H8]] campaign in protest of Proposition 8 in California.
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| == See also ==
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| {{Portal|Mathematics}}
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| {{clear right}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{Commons category|8 (number)}}
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| {{Wiktionary|eight}}
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| * [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/octonions/octonions.html The Octonions], John C. Baez
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| {{Integers|zero}}
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:8 (Number)}}
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| [[Category:Integers|08]]
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