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In [[graph theory]], the '''clique-width''' of a [[graph (mathematics)|graph]] <math>G</math> is the minimum number of labels needed to construct <math>G</math> by means of the following 4 operations : | |||
#Creation of a new vertex ''v'' with label ''i'' ( noted ''i(v)'' ) | |||
#Disjoint union of two labeled graphs ''G'' and ''H'' ( denoted <math>G \oplus H</math> ) | |||
#Joining by an edge every vertex labeled ''i'' to every vertex labeled ''j'' (denoted ''n(i,j)''), where <math>i \neq j</math> | |||
#Renaming label ''i'' to label ''j'' ( denoted ''p''(''i'',''j'') ) | |||
[[Cograph]]s are exactly the graphs with clique-width at most 2 {{harv|Courcelle|Olariu|2000}}; every [[distance-hereditary graph]] has clique-width at most 3 {{harv|Golumbic|Rotics|2000}}. Many optimization problems that are [[NP-hard]] for more general classes of graphs may be solved efficiently by [[dynamic programming]] on graphs of bounded clique-width ({{harvnb|Cogis|Thierry|2005}}; {{harvnb|Courcelle|Makowsky|Rotics|2000}}). | |||
The theory of graphs of bounded clique-width resembles that for graphs of bounded [[treewidth]], but unlike treewidth allows for [[dense graph]]s. If a family of graphs has bounded clique-width, then either it has bounded treewidth or every [[complete bipartite graph]] is a subgraph of a graph in the family {{harv|Gurski|Wanke|2000}}. | |||
==References== | |||
*{{citation | |||
| last1 = Cogis | first1 = O. | |||
| last2 = Thierry | first2 = E. | |||
| title = Computing maximum stable sets for distance-hereditary graphs | |||
| journal = Discrete Optimization | |||
| volume = 2 | issue = 2 | year = 2005 | pages = 185–188 | |||
| mr = 2155518 | |||
| doi = 10.1016/j.disopt.2005.03.004}}. | |||
*{{citation | |||
| last1 = Courcelle | first1 = B. | |||
| last2 = Makowsky | first2 = J. A. | |||
| last3 = Rotics | first3 = U. | |||
| title = Linear time solvable optimization problems on graphs on bounded clique width | |||
| journal = Theory of Computing Systems | |||
| volume = 33 | issue = 2 | year = 2000 | pages = 125–150 | |||
| doi = 10.1007/s002249910009}}. | |||
*{{citation | |||
| last1 = Courcelle | first1 = B. | |||
| last2 = Olariu | first2 = S. | |||
| title = Upper bounds to the clique width of graphs | |||
| journal = Discrete Applied Mathematics | |||
| volume = 101 | issue = 1–3 | year = 2000 | pages = 77–144 | doi = 10.1016/S0166-218X(99)00184-5}}. | |||
*{{citation | |||
| last1 = Golumbic | first1 = Martin Charles | authorlink = Martin Charles Golumbic | |||
| last2 = Rotics | first2 = Udi | |||
| title = On the clique-width of some perfect graph classes | |||
| journal = International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science | |||
| volume = 11 | issue = 3 | year = 2000 | pages = 423–443 | |||
| mr = 1792124 | |||
| doi = 10.1142/S0129054100000260}}. | |||
*{{citation | |||
| last1 = Gurski | first1 = Frank | |||
| last2 = Wanke | first2 = Egon | |||
| editor1-last = Brandes | editor1-first = Ulrik | |||
| editor2-last = Wagner | editor2-first = Dorothea | editor2-link = Dorothea Wagner | |||
| contribution = The tree-width of clique-width bounded graphs without ''K<sub>n,n</sub>'' | |||
| doi = 10.1007/3-540-40064-8_19 | |||
| location = Berlin | |||
| mr = 1850348 | |||
| pages = 196–205 | |||
| publisher = Springer | |||
| series = Lecture Notes in Computer Science | |||
| title = Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science: 26th International Workshop, WG 2000, Konstanz, Germany, June 15–17, 2000, Proceedings | |||
| volume = 1928 | |||
| year = 2000}}. | |||
[[Category:Graph invariants]] |
Revision as of 17:23, 27 February 2013
In graph theory, the clique-width of a graph is the minimum number of labels needed to construct by means of the following 4 operations :
- Creation of a new vertex v with label i ( noted i(v) )
- Disjoint union of two labeled graphs G and H ( denoted )
- Joining by an edge every vertex labeled i to every vertex labeled j (denoted n(i,j)), where
- Renaming label i to label j ( denoted p(i,j) )
Cographs are exactly the graphs with clique-width at most 2 Template:Harv; every distance-hereditary graph has clique-width at most 3 Template:Harv. Many optimization problems that are NP-hard for more general classes of graphs may be solved efficiently by dynamic programming on graphs of bounded clique-width (Template:Harvnb; Template:Harvnb).
The theory of graphs of bounded clique-width resembles that for graphs of bounded treewidth, but unlike treewidth allows for dense graphs. If a family of graphs has bounded clique-width, then either it has bounded treewidth or every complete bipartite graph is a subgraph of a graph in the family Template:Harv.
References
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Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.
15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.
To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010. - Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.
Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.
In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.
Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region
Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.
15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.
To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010. - Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.
Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.
In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.
Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region
Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.
15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.
To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010. - Many property agents need to declare for the PIC grant in Singapore. However, not all of them know find out how to do the correct process for getting this PIC scheme from the IRAS. There are a number of steps that you need to do before your software can be approved.
Naturally, you will have to pay a safety deposit and that is usually one month rent for annually of the settlement. That is the place your good religion deposit will likely be taken into account and will kind part or all of your security deposit. Anticipate to have a proportionate amount deducted out of your deposit if something is discovered to be damaged if you move out. It's best to you'll want to test the inventory drawn up by the owner, which can detail all objects in the property and their condition. If you happen to fail to notice any harm not already mentioned within the inventory before transferring in, you danger having to pay for it yourself.
In case you are in search of an actual estate or Singapore property agent on-line, you simply should belief your intuition. It's because you do not know which agent is nice and which agent will not be. Carry out research on several brokers by looking out the internet. As soon as if you end up positive that a selected agent is dependable and reliable, you can choose to utilize his partnerise in finding you a home in Singapore. Most of the time, a property agent is taken into account to be good if he or she locations the contact data on his website. This may mean that the agent does not mind you calling them and asking them any questions relating to new properties in singapore in Singapore. After chatting with them you too can see them in their office after taking an appointment.
Have handed an trade examination i.e Widespread Examination for House Brokers (CEHA) or Actual Property Agency (REA) examination, or equal; Exclusive brokers are extra keen to share listing information thus making certain the widest doable coverage inside the real estate community via Multiple Listings and Networking. Accepting a severe provide is simpler since your agent is totally conscious of all advertising activity related with your property. This reduces your having to check with a number of agents for some other offers. Price control is easily achieved. Paint work in good restore-discuss with your Property Marketing consultant if main works are still to be done. Softening in residential property prices proceed, led by 2.8 per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region
Once you place down the one per cent choice price to carry down a non-public property, it's important to accept its situation as it is whenever you move in – faulty air-con, choked rest room and all. Get round this by asking your agent to incorporate a ultimate inspection clause within the possibility-to-buy letter. HDB flat patrons routinely take pleasure in this security net. "There's a ultimate inspection of the property two days before the completion of all HDB transactions. If the air-con is defective, you can request the seller to repair it," says Kelvin.
15.6.1 As the agent is an intermediary, generally, as soon as the principal and third party are introduced right into a contractual relationship, the agent drops out of the image, subject to any problems with remuneration or indemnification that he could have against the principal, and extra exceptionally, against the third occasion. Generally, agents are entitled to be indemnified for all liabilities reasonably incurred within the execution of the brokers´ authority.
To achieve the very best outcomes, you must be always updated on market situations, including past transaction information and reliable projections. You could review and examine comparable homes that are currently available in the market, especially these which have been sold or not bought up to now six months. You'll be able to see a pattern of such report by clicking here It's essential to defend yourself in opposition to unscrupulous patrons. They are often very skilled in using highly unethical and manipulative techniques to try and lure you into a lure. That you must also protect your self, your loved ones, and personal belongings as you'll be serving many strangers in your home. Sign a listing itemizing of all of the objects provided by the proprietor, together with their situation. HSR Prime Recruiter 2010.