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"'''The Felix Klein Protocols'''" is a collection of handwritten records of the [[University of Göttingen|Göttingen]] seminar lectures of [[Felix Klein]] and his school. They span over 8000 pages in 29 volumes, and are regarded as one of the richest records of mathematical activity in modern times.<ref name="Notices">{{Cite journal | |||
| last = Chislenko | |||
| first = Eugene | |||
| last2 = Tschinkel | |||
| first2 = Yuri | |||
| title = The Felix Klein Protocols | |||
| journal = [[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]] | |||
| volume = 54 | |||
| pages = 960–970 | |||
| date = September 2007 | |||
| issue = 8 | |||
| postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref> | |||
The previously unpublished Klein Protocols were made available digitally in 2006.<ref>{{cite web| title = Felix Klein, Klein Protokolle|url=http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/}}{{de icon}}</ref> | |||
==Years covered== | |||
From 1872 to 1896 Klein conducted his seminars alone, mainly in [[pure mathematics]]. The years 1897–1913 show collaborations with mathematicians such as [[David Hilbert]], [[Karl Schwarzschild]], [[Ludwig Prandtl]], [[Carl Runge]] and [[Hermann Minkowski]]. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=3 align=center | '''Klein Protokolle''' | |||
|- | |||
| Volume || align=right | Years || Some topics covered | |||
|- | |||
| 1 || align=right | 1872–1880 || Seminars on various topics in [[geometry]] and [[algebra]].<br> (Geometric problems of the 3rd and 4th degree; The physical theory of the [[Aurora (astronomy)|northern lights]]; Rational transformations; Elements of arithmetics; Analytic geometry of space; The imaginary in geometry; On scrolls of degree 4; The elements of [[Complex analysis|function theory]]; Investigations on [[algebraic function]]s; Newtonian and logarithmic potential; The distribution of heat in a sphere; The [[Tautochrone curve|tautochrone problem]].) | |||
|- | |||
| 2 || align=right | 1880–1881 || | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=3 align=center | ''München, Sommersemester 1880'' || align=center | | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 8. Mai || align = center | [[Walther_von_Dyck|Dyck]] || align=left | Normalform für Irrationalitäten durch regulär verzweigte [[Riemann_surface|Riemannsche Flächen]] || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p001_low.jpg 1] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 15. Mai || align = center | [[Walther_von_Dyck|Dyck]] || align=left | Problem der [[Analysis_Situs_(paper)|Analysis situs]] || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p004_low.jpg 4] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 29. Mai || align = center | [[Luigi_Bianchi|Bianchi]] || align=left | Tetraederirrationalität || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p006_low.jpg 6] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 5. Juni || align = center | [[Luigi_Bianchi|Bianchi]] || align=left | Fortsetzung || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p008_low.jpg 8] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 13. Juni || align = center | [[Luigi_Bianchi|Bianchi]] || align=left | Ikosaederirrationalität || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p012_low.jpg 12] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 4. Juli || align = center | [[Luigi_Bianchi|Bianchi]] || align=left | Fortsetzung || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p015_low.jpg 15] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 11. Juli || align = center | [[Luigi_Bianchi|Bianchi]] || align=left | Fortsetzung || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p021_low.jpg 21] | |||
|- | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=3 align=center | ''Leipzig, Wintersemester 1880/81'' || align=center | | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 1. Nov || align = center | Lange || align=left | Gestaltliches über Baumkurven 4. Ordnung || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p031_low.jpg 31] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 8. Nov || align = center | [[Walther_von_Dyck|Dyck]] || align=left | Über eine reguläre [[Riemann_surface|Riemannsche Fläche]] vom Geschlechte 3 und der zugehörigen Normalkurve 4ter Ordnung || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p036_low.jpg 36] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 15. Nov || align = center | - || align=left | Freie Besprechung || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p042_low.jpg 42] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 22. Nov || align = center | Baumgart || align=left | Equipollenzen (nach [[Giusto_Bellavitis|Bellavitis]]) || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p043_low.jpg 43] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | || align = center | Stöhr || align=left | Kartenprojection || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p044_low.jpg 44] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 29. Nov || align = center | [[Irving_Stringham|Stringham]] || align=left | Vierdimensionale reguläre Körper || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p046_low.jpg 46] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 6. Dez || align = center | [[Adolf_Hurwitz|Hurwitz]] || align=left | Bildung der Modulfunctionen || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p067_low.jpg 67] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 13. Dez || align = center | Büttner || align=left | Convergenz von <math>\prod_{m,n} \left( 1 - \frac{u}{mw_1 + nw_2} \right)</math> || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p071_low.jpg 71] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 20. Dez || align = center | Brunel || align=left | Bestimmung des Geschlechts || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p076_low.jpg 76] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 3. Jan || align = center | [[Giuseppe_Veronese|Veronese]] || align=left | Einige merkwürdige Configurationen || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p080_low.jpg 80] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 10. Jan || align = center | Stande || align=left | Lineare Gleichungen zwischen eliptischen Coordinaten || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p093_low.jpg 93] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 17. Jan || align = center | Baumgart || align=left | Ueber das cubische Reciprocitätsgesetz || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p101_low.jpg 101] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 24. Jan || align = center | Lange || align=left | Gruppierungen der 16 Hyperosculationspuncte einer Raumkurve vierter Ordnung 1. Species || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p106_low.jpg 106] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 31. Jan || align = center | Brunel || align=left | Ueber die [[Analysis_Situs_(paper)|Analysis situs]] || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p114_low.jpg 114] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 7. Feb || align = center | Stöhr || align=left | Zur Theorie des Condensators || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p121_low.jpg 121] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 14. Feb || align = center | [[Walther_von_Dyck|Dyck]] || align=left | Fläche der Galois'schen Resolvente || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p126_low.jpg 126] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 21. Feb || align = center | [[Adolf_Hurwitz|Hurwitz]] || align=left | Eine neue Functionenreihe || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p101_low.jpg 131] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 28. Feb || align = center | [[Irving_Stringham|Stringham]] || align=left | Gruppen von Bewegungen bei regulären Körpern || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p147_low.jpg 147] | |||
|- | |||
| align=right | 7. Mar || align = center | Büttner || align=left | Functionentheoretische Sätze von Picard || align=right | [http://www.uni-math.gwdg.de/aufzeichnungen/klein-scans/V02-1880-1881/V2-p165_low.jpg 165] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
| 3 || align=right | 1881–1882 || | |||
|- | |||
| 4 || align=right | 1882–1883 || Hyperelliptic abelian and [[theta functions]]. | |||
|- | |||
| 5 || align=right | 1883–1884 || | |||
|- | |||
| 6 || align=right | 1884–1885 || | |||
|- | |||
| 7 || align=right | 1885–1886 || [[Hyperelliptic curve|Hyperelliptic functions]] and the [[Kummer surface]]. | |||
|- | |||
| 8 || align=right | 1886–1887 || | |||
|- | |||
| 9 || align=right | 1887–1889 || | |||
|- | |||
| 10 || align=right | 1889–1892 || | |||
|- | |||
| 11 || align=right | 1892–1894 || [[Number theory]]. ([[Prime number theorem|distribution of primes]]; [[Diophantus]] and his works, quadratic and biquadratic reciprocity, reduction theory of [[quadratic form]]s, class numbers.) | |||
|- | |||
| 12 || align=right | 1894–1896 || | |||
|- | |||
| 13 || align=right | 1896–1898 || | |||
|- | |||
| 14 || align=right | 1898–1899 || | |||
|- | |||
| 15 || align=right | 1899–1900 || | |||
|- | |||
| 16 || align=right | 1900–1901 || | |||
|- | |||
| 17 || align=right | 1901 || | |||
|- | |||
| 18 || align=right | 1901–1902 || | |||
|- | |||
| 19 || align=right | 1902–1903 || | |||
|- | |||
| 20 || align=right | 1903–1904 || [[Fluid dynamics|Hydrodynamics]]. | |||
|- | |||
| 21 || align=right | 1904–1905 || | |||
|- | |||
| 22 || align=right | 1905 || | |||
|- | |||
| 23 || align=right | 1905–1906 || [[Factor of automorphy|Automorphic functions]]. | |||
|- | |||
| 24 || align=right | 1906 || | |||
|- | |||
| 25 || align=right | 1906–1907 || | |||
|- | |||
| 26 || align=right | 1907 || | |||
|- | |||
| 27 || align=right | 1907–1909 || Hydrodynamics seminar with special attention to the hydrodynamics of ships.<br>Ship waves; Ship propellers; Ship resistance in unbounded water. | |||
|- | |||
| 28 || align=right | 1911 || Insurance mathematics. | |||
|- | |||
| 29 || align=right | 1909–1912 || Mathematics and psychology. | |||
|} | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Felix klein protocols}} | |||
[[Category:Mathematics manuscripts]] | |||
{{mathpublication-stub}} |
Revision as of 17:01, 17 March 2013
"The Felix Klein Protocols" is a collection of handwritten records of the Göttingen seminar lectures of Felix Klein and his school. They span over 8000 pages in 29 volumes, and are regarded as one of the richest records of mathematical activity in modern times.[1] The previously unpublished Klein Protocols were made available digitally in 2006.[2]
Years covered
From 1872 to 1896 Klein conducted his seminars alone, mainly in pure mathematics. The years 1897–1913 show collaborations with mathematicians such as David Hilbert, Karl Schwarzschild, Ludwig Prandtl, Carl Runge and Hermann Minkowski.
Klein Protokolle | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volume | Years | Some topics covered | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1872–1880 | Seminars on various topics in geometry and algebra. (Geometric problems of the 3rd and 4th degree; The physical theory of the northern lights; Rational transformations; Elements of arithmetics; Analytic geometry of space; The imaginary in geometry; On scrolls of degree 4; The elements of function theory; Investigations on algebraic functions; Newtonian and logarithmic potential; The distribution of heat in a sphere; The tautochrone problem.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | 1880–1881 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | 1881–1882 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | 1882–1883 | Hyperelliptic abelian and theta functions. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | 1883–1884 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | 1884–1885 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | 1885–1886 | Hyperelliptic functions and the Kummer surface. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | 1886–1887 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | 1887–1889 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 1889–1892 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | 1892–1894 | Number theory. (distribution of primes; Diophantus and his works, quadratic and biquadratic reciprocity, reduction theory of quadratic forms, class numbers.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | 1894–1896 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | 1896–1898 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | 1898–1899 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | 1899–1900 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 1900–1901 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | 1901 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | 1901–1902 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | 1902–1903 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | 1903–1904 | Hydrodynamics. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | 1904–1905 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | 1905 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | 1905–1906 | Automorphic functions. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | 1906 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | 1906–1907 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | 1907 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | 1907–1909 | Hydrodynamics seminar with special attention to the hydrodynamics of ships. Ship waves; Ship propellers; Ship resistance in unbounded water. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | 1911 | Insurance mathematics. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | 1909–1912 | Mathematics and psychology. |
References
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