K-means clustering

Specific storage (S_s), storativity (S), specific yield (S_y) and specific capacity are physical properties that characterize the capacity of an aquifer to release groundwater. They are sometimes referred to as "storage properties". In the field of hydrogeology, these properties are often determined using some combination of field tests (e.g., aquifer tests) and laboratory tests on aquifer material samples.

Specific storage

The specific storage is the amount of water that a portion of an aquifer releases from storage, per unit mass or volume of aquifer, per unit change in hydraulic head, while remaining fully saturated.

Mass specific storage is the mass of water that an aquifer releases from storage, per mass of aquifer, per unit decline in hydraulic head:

$(S_s{)}_m=\frac{1}{m_a}\frac{d{m}_w}{dh}$

where

$(S_s{)}_m$ is the mass specific storage ([L^-1]);

$m_a$ is the mass of that portion of the aquifer from which the water is released ([M]);

$d{m}_w$ is the mass of water released from storage ([M]); and

$dh$ is the decline in hydraulic head ([L]).

Volumetric specific storage (or volume specific storage) is the volume of water that an aquifer releases from storage, per volume of aquifer, per unit decline in hydraulic head (Freeze and Cherry, 1979):

$S_s=\frac{1}{V_a}\frac{d{V}_w}{dh}=\frac{1}{V_a}\frac{d{V}_w}{dp}\frac{dp}{dh}=\frac{1}{V_a}\frac{d{V}_w}{dp}{\gamma }_w$

where

$S_s$ is the volumetric specific storage ([L^-1]);

$V_a$ is the bulk volume of that portion of the aquifer from which the water is released ([L³]);

$d{V}_w$ is the volume of water released from storage ([L³]);

$dp$ is the decline in pressure(N•m^-2 or [ML^-1T^-2]) ;

$dh$ is the decline in hydraulic head ([L]) and

${\gamma }_w$ is the specific weight of water (N•m^-3 or [ML^-2T^-2]).

In hydrogeology, volumetric specific storage is much more commonly encountered than mass specific storage. Consequently, the term specific storage generally refers to volumetric specific storage.

In terms of measurable physical properties, specific storage can be expressed as

$S_s={\gamma }_w({\beta }_p+n\cdot {\beta }_w)$

where

${\gamma }_w$ is the specific weight of water (N•m^-3 or [ML^-2T^-2])

$n$ is the porosity of the material (dimensionless ratio between 0 and 1)

${\beta }_p$ is the compressibility of the bulk aquifer material (m²N^-1 or [LM^-1T²]), and

${\beta }_w$ is the compressibility of water (m²N^-1 or [LM^-1T²])

The compressibility terms relate a given change in stress to a change in volume (a strain). These two terms can be defined as:

${\beta }_p=-\frac{d{V}_t}{d{\sigma }_e}\frac{1}{V_t}$

${\beta }_w=-\frac{d{V}_w}{dp}\frac{1}{V_w}$

where

${\sigma }_e$ is the effective stress (N/m² or [MLT^-2/L²])

These equations relate a change in total or water volume ($V_t$ or $V_w$) per change in applied stress (effective stress — ${\sigma }_e$ or pore pressure — $p$) per unit volume. The compressibilities (and therefore also S_s) can be estimated from laboratory consolidation tests (in an apparatus called a consolidometer), using the consolidation theory of soil mechanics (developed by Karl Terzaghi).

Storativity

Storativity or the storage coefficient is the volume of water released from storage per unit decline in hydraulic head in the aquifer, per unit area of the aquifer, or:

$S=\frac{d{V}_w}{dh}\frac{1}{A}$

Storativity is the vertically integrated specific storage value for a confined aquifer or aquitard. For a confined homogeneous aquifer or aquitard they are simply related by:

$S=S_{s}b$

where $b$ is the thickness of aquifer. Storativity is a dimensionless quantity, and ranges between 0 and the effective porosity of the aquifer; although for confined aquifers, this number is usually much less than 0.01.

The storativity or storage coefficient of an unconfined aquifer is approximately equal to the specific yield, $S_y$, since the release from specific storage, $S_s$ is typically orders of magnitude less.

Specific yield

Values of specific yield, from Johnson (1967)

Material	Specific Yield (%)
	min	avg	max
Unconsolidated deposits
Clay	0	2	5
Sandy clay (mud)	3	7	12
Silt	3	18	19
Fine sand	10	21	28
Medium sand	15	26	32
Coarse sand	20	27	35
Gravelly sand	20	25	35
Fine gravel	21	25	35
Medium gravel	13	23	26
Coarse gravel	12	22	26
Consolidated deposits
Fine-grained sandstone		21
Medium-grained sandstone		27
Limestone		14
Schist		26
Siltstone		12
Tuff		21
Other deposits
Dune sand		38
Loess		18
Peat		44
Till, predominantly silt		6
Till, predominantly sand		16
Till, predominantly gravel		16

Specific yield, also known as the drainable porosity, is a ratio, less than or equal to the effective porosity, indicating the volumetric fraction of the bulk aquifer volume that a given aquifer will yield when all the water is allowed to drain out of it under the forces of gravity:

$S_y=\frac{V_{wd}}{V_T}$

where

$V_{wd}$ is the volume of water drained, and

$V_T$ is the total rock or material volume

It is primarily used for unconfined aquifers, since the elastic storage component, $S_s$, is relatively small and usually has an insignificant contribution. Specific yield can be close to effective porosity, but there are several subtle things which make this value more complicated than it seems. Some water always remains in the formation, even after drainage; it clings to the grains of sand and clay in the formation. Also, the value of specific yield may not be fully realized for a very long time, due to complications caused by unsaturated flow.

Benefits of Residing in a Apartment or Landed property in Singapore Property New Launches & Project Showcase In Singapore Many residential Singapore property sales involve buying property in Singapore at new launches. These are often homes underneath building, being sold new by developers. New Launch Singapore Property, 28 Imperial Residences Coming To Geylang Lorong 26 The property market is slowing down, based on personal property transactions in May Cell Apps FREE Sign Up Log in Property Brokers Feedback

Individuals all wish to be seen having the identical foresight as the experts in property investment or the massive names in their own fields. Thus the discharge of these tales works to encourage different buyers to observe suit. Bartley Ridge is the most popular new launch in district 13. Irresistible pricing from $1,1xx psf. Bartley Ridge is a ninety nine-12 months leasehold new condominium at Mount Vernon road, good next to Bartley MRT station (CC12). If you want to get more Rehda Johor chairman Koh Moo Hing said potential property consumers in the two areas Http://Modern.Dowatch.Net/Profile/Mic31K/Created/Topics are now adopting a wait-and-see attitude. How can I get the ebrochure and flooring plans of the new launch projects ? The Existing Mortgage on your HDB District 13, Freehold condominium District 11, Freehold Cluster landed house Sea Horizon EC @ Pasir Ris

FindSgNewLaunch is the main Singapore Property web site - one of the best place to begin your actual estate search whether you might be an investor, shopping for for own use, or searching for a spot to lease. With detailed details about each property, together with maps and pictures. We deliver you probably the most complete choice out there. No. For brand spanking new Singapore property gross sales, you possibly can withdraw at any time earlier than booking the unit, without penalty. On the preview, the agent will let you recognize the exact worth for you to resolve whether or not to proceed or not. Solely when you resolve to proceed will the agent book the unit for you. Pending for Sale Licence Approval All Pending for Sale Licence Approval New launch FREEHOLD condominium @ Braddell New launch condominium combined growth at Yishun PROJECT TITLE

To not worry, we'll hold you in our VIP Precedence list for future new launch VIP Preview. We'll contact you to establish your wants and advocate related tasks, both new launch or resale properties that probably match your standards. In case you're looking for resale property, such as these few years old, or just got Short-term Occupation Permit (PRIME), you might click on here right here for fast search and submit your shortlisted listings to us, we'll check and call you for viewing.

Oceanfront Suites, irresistible pricing for a 946 leasehold property with magnificent sea view. Dreaming of basking and feeling the warmth of pure sunlight is now just a click on away. Oceanfront Suites - Seaside residing no longer needs to remain an unattainable This Cambodia new launch, a mega development has also 762 residential models. Additionally located within this Oxley abroad property is a mega shopping center with 627 outlets and also up to 963 available workplace spaces and is surrounded by quite a few Embassy, resorts, Casinos and many vacationer relax space. Belysa EC @ Pasir Ris Esparina EC @ Sengkang Dell Launches World's first Gender-GEDI Female Entrepreneurship Index on 06/04/thirteen by Istanbul, Turkey. Paris Ris EC @ Paris Ris in search of indication of curiosity.

The developer should open a Venture Account with a financial institution or monetary establishment for every housing venture he undertakes, before he's issued with a Sale License (license to sell models in his development). All payments from buyers before completion of the challenge, and construction loans, go into the mission account. New launch rental LA FIESTA, an thrilling new condominium located along Sengkang Square / Compassvale Highway is a brief stroll to the bustling Sengkang City Centre the place the bus interchange, Sengkang MRT and LRT stations are located. Glorious location,Premium rental with Bayfront resort lifestyle theme and views ofwaterscape. Close to EC pricing - Worth for cash! Apr 02, 2013 Sengkang New Rental Launch, La Fiesta- Sengkang MRTstation at your gate.

As The Hillford property launch at Jalan Jurong Kechil may be very close to to beauty world mrt , the environment for the plot of land which belongs to World Class Land remains very upbeat as it is rather close to to Holland Village. Review now by visiting the brand new apartment pages on our website, each displaying complete particulars and the latest information of each new launch. You can even contact us directly to obtain quick & correct answers to all of your questions with high of the road service. An inevitable conclusion is that costs within the property market have just set new highs. The apparent connotation for potential buyers is to take motion now before prices bounce again. tract and points to his property line, marked by a big maple in a sea of Search SG Developersale.com

See also

• Aquifer test
• Soil mechanics
• Groundwater flow equation describes how these terms are used in the context of solving groundwater flow problems

References

• Freeze, R.A. and J.A. Cherry. 1979. Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. 604 p.
• Johnson, A.I. 1967. Specific yield — compilation of specific yields for various materials. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1662-D. 74 p.
• Morris, D.A. and A.I. Johnson. 1967. Summary of hydrologic and physical properties of rock and soil materials as analyzed by the Hydrologic Laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey 1948-1960. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1839-D. 42 p.

Property Agents and Crew Managers – Searching for good Actual Estate Agency to hitch or contemplating which is the Greatest Property Company to join in Singapore? Join Leon Low in OrangeTee Singapore! In OrangeTee, we now have much more attractive fee construction than before, enrichment courses, 10 most important components to join OrangeTee and 1 motive to hitch Leon Low and his Workforce. 1. Conducive working surroundings

Research your Market Plan. As a property agent, you might be answerable for your personal expenses. Do your analysis specific to your advertising plan inside your strategic plan. Time spent in developing your advertising and marketing plan is certainly effectively spent. Keep in mind a business plan is normally knowledge pushed, whereas a strategic plan identifies who does what by when. Set up your Sales Objectives. Using your strategic action plan, establish gross sales goals. In case you are new to this business, it might take as much as 6 months before the primary sale. It's a must to be disciplined, work hard and smart jusrut.Info with the intention to attain the objective. Becoming a member of Charges for Knight Frank is $252 The fees embody Estate Agent Card with lanyard and card holder, your title cards, Access Card and Skilled Indemnity Insurance coverage.

last January. There are additionally fewer property businesses in business, down by 5% to lower than 1,500. Aside from passing a mandatory examination, registered property agents also should bear six hours of Some trade players stated new brokers face a tough time juggling this and shutting property deals. So as to make the TA a legitimate legal document to be honoured by all events involved, it must be stamped by the Singapore Inland Revenue Authority (IRA). The charges for this procedure, a so-referred to as "stamp responsibility", are to be borne by the tenant. Softening in residential property prices continue, led by 2.eight per cent decline within the index for Remainder of Central Region Freehold improvement within the prestigious Ardmore Park / Claymore district with potential for en bloc sale

a couple of months in the past i spoke with CASE regarding our downside (unprofessional real estate agents). the girl advised me that agents are a problem however sadly it's out of their remit. nevertheless, she told me of a semi-authorities actual estate physique (i forgot the name now, sorry) that you may file a complain. they apparently hold a log of all of the agents. or if the situation allows it they'll reprimand the true estate firm that they work for (if indeed they belong to a company). do not anticipate a miracle, however.

he just gave his luck away, due to his double-head snake perspective and actions, i dont assume i need to cope with such an agent anymore. there are such a lot of brokers on the market, he positively misplaced a repeat buyer. As at the end of third Quarter 2012, there was a total provide of eighty three,975 uncompleted personal residential units from projects in the pipeline3, greater than the eighty three,251 models in 2nd Quarter 2012. Of the supply within the pipeline, 36,606 items remained unsold as at third Quarter 2012. Single or couple, frequent travels, in need of part time cleaning providers, want to dwell close to work and night life, dependant on public transport or taxis to move round in Singapore, sometimes needing a parking area for a corporation car When to report GST (time of provide)

Have pictures taken of the Property for advertising and promotional use. Contact you usually to report on the advertising progress of your Property. By way of the rules , property brokers, also known as property agents, are now not allowed to characterize both seller/landlord and purchaser/tenant for a similar property transaction. They could only characterize one aspect of transaction, to keep away from a battle of interest. Clear international ownership with no restrictions for proudly owning condos or residences Devan Nair Institute for Employment & Employability (DNI), 80 Jurong East Road 21, Singapore 609607 LHUB Trade Talent Centre@ Benoi, EMS Constructing, 60 Benoi Street, Singapore 629906 When title of property is transferred upon authorized completion. Why do they have an agent then?

In case your monthly housing allowance is lower than both S$ 2500 for two years rental or S$ 5000 for one year rental many brokers would not like to search for a house for you as their commission will likely be too low. It's possible you'll negotiate a price with the agent to be paid by your self (usually two weeks hire) or go house searching through the categorized sections in the newspapers to approach landlords immediately. Having the maximum publicity in your property is important HOWEVER are you ready to spend more than $four,870 month-to-month to ensure you do not undersell your property and get the best returns from your investment? Must be sporting their agent identification cards in any respect time while working in the capability of a real estate agent for an actual property agency. C) Industrial & Industrial Template:Geotechnical engineering