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{{Infobox scientist | |||
|name = Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov | |||
|image = | |||
|image_size = 150px | |||
|caption = Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov | |||
|birth_date = {{birth date|1891|09|14|df=y}} | |||
|birth_place = [[Velikoluksky District|Milolyub]] village, [[Velikiye Luki]] [[uyezd]], Pskov Governorate, [[Russian Empire]] | |||
|death_date = {{death date and age|1983|03|20|1891|09|14|df=y}} | |||
|death_place = [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] | |||
|nationality = [[Russia]]n | |||
|ethnicity = | |||
|field = [[Mathematics]] | |||
|work_institutions = | |||
|alma_mater = | |||
|doctoral_advisor = | |||
|doctoral_students = | |||
|known_for = [[Analytic number theory]] | |||
|prizes = [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]<ref name="frs">{{cite doi|10.1098/rsbm.1985.0021}}</ref>}} '''Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov''' [[ForMemRS]]<ref name="frs"/>({{lang-ru|Ива́н Матве́евич Виногра́дов}}; 14 September 1891 – 20 March 1983) (not to be confused with [[Askold Ivanovich Vinogradov]] of the [[Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem]]) was a [[USSR|Soviet]] [[mathematician]], who was one of the creators of modern [[analytic number theory]], and also a dominant figure in mathematics in the [[Soviet Union|USSR]]. He was born in the [[Velikiye Luki]] district, [[Pskov Oblast]]. He graduated from the [[Saint Petersburg State University|University of St. Petersburg]], where in 1920 he became a Professor. From 1934 he was a Director of the [[Steklov Institute of Mathematics]], a position he held for the rest of his life, except for the five-year period (1941–1946) when the institute was directed by Academician [[Sergei Sobolev]]. In 1941 he was awarded the [[USSR State Prize|Stalin Prize]]. | |||
==Mathematical contributions== | |||
In [[analytic number theory]], ''Vinogradov's method'' refers to his main problem-solving technique, applied to central questions involving the estimation of [[exponential sum]]s. In its most basic form, it is used to estimate sums over prime numbers, or [[Weyl sum]]s. It is a reduction from a complicated sum to a number of smaller sums which are then simplified. The canonical form for prime number sums is | |||
:<math>S=\sum_{p\le P}\exp(2\pi i f(p)).</math> | |||
With the help of this method, Vinogradov tackled questions such as the [[ternary Goldbach problem]] in 1937 (using [[Vinogradov's theorem]]), and the zero-free region for the [[Riemann zeta function]]. His own use of it was inimitable; in terms of later techniques, it is recognised as a prototype of the [[large sieve method]] in its application of [[bilinear form]]s, and also as an exploitation of combinatorial structure. In some cases his results resisted improvement for decades. | |||
He also used this technique on the [[Divisor summatory function#Dirichlet's divisor problem|Dirichlet divisor problem]], allowing him to estimate the number of integer points under an arbitrary [[curve]]. This was an improvement on the work of [[Georgy Voronoy]]. | |||
In 1918 Vinogradov proved the [[Quadratic residue#The Pólya–Vinogradov inequality|Pólya–Vinogradov inequality]] for character sums. | |||
{{Expand section|date=June 2008}} | |||
== Personality and career == | |||
Vinogradov served as director of the [[Steklov Institute of Mathematics|Mathematical Institute]] for 49 years. For his long service he was twice awarded the order of The [[Hero of the Socialist Labour]]. The house where he was born was converted into his memorial – a unique honour among Russian [[mathematician]]s. As the head of a leading mathematical institute, Vinogradov enjoyed significant influence in the [[Russian Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences]] and was regarded as an informal leader of [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[mathematician]]s. | |||
Although he was always faithful to the official line, he was never a member of the [[Communist Party of the USSR|Communist Party]] and his overall mindset was [[nationalism|nationalistic]] rather than [[communism|communist]]. This can at least partly be attributed to his origins: his father was a priest of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]]. Vinogradov was enormously strong: in some recollections it is stated that he could lift a chair with a person sitting on it by holding the leg of the chair in his hands. He was never married and was very attached to his [[dacha]] in [[Abramtsevo]], where he spent all his weekends and vacations (together with his sister Nadezhda, also unmarried) enjoying flower [[gardening]]. He had friendly relations with the president of the [[Russian Academy of Sciences]] [[Mstislav Keldysh]] and [[Mikhail Lavrentyev]], both mathematicians whose careers started in his institute. | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==Bibliography== | |||
*''Selected Works'', Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ISBN 0-387-12788-7. | |||
*Vinogradov, I. M. ''Elements of Number Theory.'' Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2003, ISBN 0-486-49530-2. | |||
*Vinogradov, I. M. ''Method of Trigonometrical Sums in the Theory of Numbers.'' Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2004, ISBN 0-486-43878-3. | |||
*Vinogradov I. M. (Ed.) ''Matematicheskaya entsiklopediya''. Moscow: Sov. Entsiklopediya 1977. Now translated as the [[Encyclopaedia of Mathematics]]. | |||
==External links== | |||
* {{MacTutor Biography|id=Vinogradov}} | |||
* [http://www.museum.ru/M833 Vinogradov memorial (in Russian)] | |||
* [http://www.imec.msu.ru/pages/05-03-17-5976848.html Memoirs of colleagues (in Russian)] | |||
* [http://www.mi.ras.ru/~snovikov/Mat_60.doc][http://www.mi.ras.ru/~snovikov/991.pdf][http://www.mccme.ru/edu/index.php?ikey=n-rohlin Memoirs of his opponent academician [[Sergei Novikov (mathematician)|S. P. Novikov]]] | |||
* [http://www.proza.ru/2009/10/18/120 Vinogradov in Abramtsevo, memoirs (in Russian)] | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}} | |||
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | |||
| NAME = Vinogradov, Ivan Matveyevich | |||
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Soviet mathematician | |||
| DATE OF BIRTH = 14 September 1891 | |||
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Velikoluksky District|Milolyub]] village, [[Velikiye Luki]] [[uyezd]], [[Pskov Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]] | |||
| DATE OF DEATH = 20 March 1983 | |||
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Moscow]], [[Soviet Union]] | |||
}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vinogradov, Ivan Matveyevich}} | |||
[[Category:1891 births]] | |||
[[Category:1983 deaths]] | |||
[[Category:People from Velikoluksky District]] | |||
[[Category:People from Pskov Governorate]] | |||
[[Category:Soviet mathematicians]] | |||
[[Category:Russian mathematicians]] | |||
[[Category:Number theorists]] | |||
[[Category:Saint Petersburg State University alumni]] | |||
[[Category:USSR State Prize winners]] | |||
[[Category:Heroes of Socialist Labour]] | |||
[[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]] | |||
[[Category:Perm State University faculty]] | |||
[[Category:Tomsk State University faculty]] |
Revision as of 16:01, 6 November 2013
Template:Infobox scientist Ivan Matveevich Vinogradov ForMemRS[1](My name is Jordan (41 years old) and my hobbies are Microscopy and Canoeing.
Check out my weblog Hostgator Review; 14 September 1891 – 20 March 1983) (not to be confused with Askold Ivanovich Vinogradov of the Bombieri-Vinogradov theorem) was a Soviet mathematician, who was one of the creators of modern analytic number theory, and also a dominant figure in mathematics in the USSR. He was born in the Velikiye Luki district, Pskov Oblast. He graduated from the University of St. Petersburg, where in 1920 he became a Professor. From 1934 he was a Director of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, a position he held for the rest of his life, except for the five-year period (1941–1946) when the institute was directed by Academician Sergei Sobolev. In 1941 he was awarded the Stalin Prize.
Mathematical contributions
In analytic number theory, Vinogradov's method refers to his main problem-solving technique, applied to central questions involving the estimation of exponential sums. In its most basic form, it is used to estimate sums over prime numbers, or Weyl sums. It is a reduction from a complicated sum to a number of smaller sums which are then simplified. The canonical form for prime number sums is
With the help of this method, Vinogradov tackled questions such as the ternary Goldbach problem in 1937 (using Vinogradov's theorem), and the zero-free region for the Riemann zeta function. His own use of it was inimitable; in terms of later techniques, it is recognised as a prototype of the large sieve method in its application of bilinear forms, and also as an exploitation of combinatorial structure. In some cases his results resisted improvement for decades.
He also used this technique on the Dirichlet divisor problem, allowing him to estimate the number of integer points under an arbitrary curve. This was an improvement on the work of Georgy Voronoy.
In 1918 Vinogradov proved the Pólya–Vinogradov inequality for character sums.
Personality and career
Vinogradov served as director of the Mathematical Institute for 49 years. For his long service he was twice awarded the order of The Hero of the Socialist Labour. The house where he was born was converted into his memorial – a unique honour among Russian mathematicians. As the head of a leading mathematical institute, Vinogradov enjoyed significant influence in the Academy of Sciences and was regarded as an informal leader of Soviet mathematicians.
Although he was always faithful to the official line, he was never a member of the Communist Party and his overall mindset was nationalistic rather than communist. This can at least partly be attributed to his origins: his father was a priest of the Russian Orthodox Church. Vinogradov was enormously strong: in some recollections it is stated that he could lift a chair with a person sitting on it by holding the leg of the chair in his hands. He was never married and was very attached to his dacha in Abramtsevo, where he spent all his weekends and vacations (together with his sister Nadezhda, also unmarried) enjoying flower gardening. He had friendly relations with the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences Mstislav Keldysh and Mikhail Lavrentyev, both mathematicians whose careers started in his institute.
References
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Bibliography
- Selected Works, Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ISBN 0-387-12788-7.
- Vinogradov, I. M. Elements of Number Theory. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2003, ISBN 0-486-49530-2.
- Vinogradov, I. M. Method of Trigonometrical Sums in the Theory of Numbers. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2004, ISBN 0-486-43878-3.
- Vinogradov I. M. (Ed.) Matematicheskaya entsiklopediya. Moscow: Sov. Entsiklopediya 1977. Now translated as the Encyclopaedia of Mathematics.
External links
- Template:MacTutor Biography
- Vinogradov memorial (in Russian)
- Memoirs of colleagues (in Russian)
- [1][2]Memoirs of his opponent academician S. P. Novikov
- Vinogradov in Abramtsevo, memoirs (in Russian)
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- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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tag; no text was provided for refs namedfrs
- 1891 births
- 1983 deaths
- People from Velikoluksky District
- People from Pskov Governorate
- Soviet mathematicians
- Russian mathematicians
- Number theorists
- Saint Petersburg State University alumni
- USSR State Prize winners
- Heroes of Socialist Labour
- Foreign Members of the Royal Society
- Perm State University faculty
- Tomsk State University faculty
- Pages with reference errors