Spectral concentration problem: Difference between revisions

From formulasearchengine
Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
en>Magioladitis
closed math tag
Line 1: Line 1:
The '''signal transfer function''' ('''SiTF''') is a measure of the [[Signal (electrical engineering)|signal output]] versus the [[Signal (electrical engineering)|signal input]] of a system such as an [[infrared]] system or [[sensor]]. There are many general applications of the SiTF. Specifically, in the field of image analysis, it gives a measure of the [[noise]] of an imaging system, and thus yields one assement of its performance.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Optical Transfer Function of Imaging Systems | author = Tom L. Williams | publisher = CRC Press | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-7503-0599-1 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-luzt97NKLEC&pg=PA247&dq=SiTF+signal-transfer-function+input-and-output&as_brr=3&ei=aW_tSMW0LY32sgPz_Y2YBw&sig=ACfU3U2RiRXiIsqTURSS6Uo-qUm2ACGKrA }}</ref>
Are you in need of instant cash? Nowadays, earning money is already as hard as working double. Nevertheless, people are clueless that they can earn money with the things they already own. Yes. It may sound too good to be true, but one can earn money from gold jewelleries or gold coins that are in their possession for years and years. People who collect coins can also earn money if they decide to sell their precious pieces. Therefore, whatever types of gold they have, gold is still one good source of cold cash. Of all the forms of gold, jewelleries are still the best kind of investments. People just have to know the basic rules on how to make cash out of gold.<br><br>Depending on the type of trade and time of day a setup occurs, I will jump from ETF's to futures or CFD's. Let me explain, if there is a setup early in the morning before the regular market opens, or after the close late in the evening, then I trade futures or CFD's because it allows me to trade 24/7 catching moves which would not even be seen by most North American traders. There are not a lot of these trades per year but enough to make it worth trading.<br><br><br><br>"So with enough time, you would be rich - guaranteed. You wouldn't have to waste any time picking the right stock or the right group or the right mutual fund. You would just compound your way to riches, using your greatest [http://trading.goldgrey.org/options-trading/ asset]: time.<br><br>Scammers love to prey on innocent individuals who are still trying to understand the gold trade. These scammers try to take advantage of gold trade beginners who are unfamiliar with the market prices and on sale items. One way to avoid being the next victim of scammers is to equip yourself with the right knowledge about your items before you sell. You can inquire ingeniously in reputable online forums of how much your items are. But never tell people that you are selling. You can just play as an interested buyer.<br><br>To cater to the demands of the 24-karat gold bullion coins, the United States Mint released its first line of .9999 fine 24-karat gold coins in 1996. Such were introduced in the market following the Presidential $1 Coin Act a.k.a. Public Law 109-145 that was issued on December 22, 2005.<br><br>You'll have noticed the professional markets trade bullion on very competitive prices not usually available to private individuals. The settlement condition for a professional market bullion trade is that the seller makes available a Good Delivery Bar at the door of an accredited bullion vault.<br><br>For details on gold trading is always better to look at present Gold rate. Study guides on gold market and keep you modified on all details regarding gold rates. You just cannot manage to get rid of your money when you offer Gold. This will make you smashed. Silver promoting is a healthy action and is part of world financial systems like gold trading. You have to be very aware with each move when you are interacting in Gold biscuits and coins.<br><br>In summary, FAP Turbo continues to receive good reviews, and people can sometimes make money pretty fast. Although, people also lose their accounts, or they can lose their money quickly.<br><br>When you consider all these advantages it is a good idea to engage in trading gold online. If you keep yourself updated on your knowledge on world affairs you could do a winning business. Internet will provide you with the necessary information on factors that could affect gold prices. Your broker also will provide you with tools that allow you to project price fluctuations.
 
== SiTF evaluation ==
 
In evaluating the SiTF curve, the signal input and signal output are measured [[Differential (infinitesimal)|differentially]]; meaning, the differential of the input signal and differential of the output signal are calculated and plotted against each other. An operator, using computer software, defines an arbitrary area, with a given set of data points, within the signal and [[background radiation|background]] regions of the output image of the infrared sensor, i.e. of the Unit Under Test (UUT), (see "Half Moon" image below). The average signal and background are calculated by averaging the data of each arbitrarily defined region. A [[Polynomial|second order polynomial]] curve is [[curve fitting|fitted]]  to the data of each [[Line (video)|line]]. Then, the polynomial is subtracted from the average signal and background data to yield the new signal and background. The difference of the new signal and background data is taken to yield the net signal. Finally, the net signal is plotted versus the signal input. The signal input of the UUT is within its own spectral response. (e.g. [[color temperature|color-correlated temperature]], [[pixel]] intensity, etc.). The slope of the linear portion of this curve is then found using [[Least squares|the method of least squares]].<ref>Electro Optical Industries, Inc.(2005). EO TestLab Methodology. In ''Education/Ref''. http://www.electro-optical.com/eoi_page.asp?h=Education</ref>
 
== SiTF curve ==
 
[[File:Example graph of SiTF.jpeg|thumb|right|400px|The red line is the '''SiTF'''. As can be seen, a line is fitted to the linear portion of the signal output versus signal input of an '''infrared sensor'''.]]
 
[[File:SiTF Half Moon Target.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Half moon target – on the left the image of the background region and on the right an image of the signal region. Using specialized software, an operator arbitrarily defines an area of evaluation in both regions to be used in determining the signal transfer function.]]
 
The net signal is calculated from the average signal and background, as in [[signal to noise ratio (imaging)#Calculations]].
The SiTF curve is then given by the signal output data, (net signal data), plotted against the signal input data (see graph of SiTF to the right). All the data points in the linear region of the SiTF curve can be used in the method of [[least squares]] to find a linear approximation. Given <math>n\,</math> data points <math>(x_i\,,y_i\,)</math> a best fit line parameterized as <math>y = mx + b\,</math> is given by:<ref>Aboufadel, E.F., Goldberg, J.L., Potter, M.C. (2005).''Advanced Engineering Mathematics (3rd ed.).''New York, New York: Oxford University Press</ref>
 
:<math> m = \frac{\frac{\sum x_iy_i}{n} - \frac{\sum x_i}{n} \frac{\sum y_i}{n}}{\frac{\sum x_i^2}{n}-(\frac{\sum x_i}{n})^2} \qquad \qquad  b = \frac{\sum y_i}{n} - m \frac{\sum x_i}{n} </math>
 
== See also ==
* [[Optical transfer function]]
* [[Distortion]]
* [[Minimum resolvable temperature difference]]
* [[Noise equivalent temperature difference]]
* [[Power spectral density]]
* [[Minimum resolvable contrast]]
* [[Signal to noise ratio (imaging)]]
 
== References ==
<references/>
== External links ==
* http://www.electro-optical.com
 
[[Category:Optics]]
[[Category:Image processing]]
[[Category:Infrared imaging]]

Revision as of 13:19, 6 February 2014

Are you in need of instant cash? Nowadays, earning money is already as hard as working double. Nevertheless, people are clueless that they can earn money with the things they already own. Yes. It may sound too good to be true, but one can earn money from gold jewelleries or gold coins that are in their possession for years and years. People who collect coins can also earn money if they decide to sell their precious pieces. Therefore, whatever types of gold they have, gold is still one good source of cold cash. Of all the forms of gold, jewelleries are still the best kind of investments. People just have to know the basic rules on how to make cash out of gold.

Depending on the type of trade and time of day a setup occurs, I will jump from ETF's to futures or CFD's. Let me explain, if there is a setup early in the morning before the regular market opens, or after the close late in the evening, then I trade futures or CFD's because it allows me to trade 24/7 catching moves which would not even be seen by most North American traders. There are not a lot of these trades per year but enough to make it worth trading.



"So with enough time, you would be rich - guaranteed. You wouldn't have to waste any time picking the right stock or the right group or the right mutual fund. You would just compound your way to riches, using your greatest asset: time.

Scammers love to prey on innocent individuals who are still trying to understand the gold trade. These scammers try to take advantage of gold trade beginners who are unfamiliar with the market prices and on sale items. One way to avoid being the next victim of scammers is to equip yourself with the right knowledge about your items before you sell. You can inquire ingeniously in reputable online forums of how much your items are. But never tell people that you are selling. You can just play as an interested buyer.

To cater to the demands of the 24-karat gold bullion coins, the United States Mint released its first line of .9999 fine 24-karat gold coins in 1996. Such were introduced in the market following the Presidential $1 Coin Act a.k.a. Public Law 109-145 that was issued on December 22, 2005.

You'll have noticed the professional markets trade bullion on very competitive prices not usually available to private individuals. The settlement condition for a professional market bullion trade is that the seller makes available a Good Delivery Bar at the door of an accredited bullion vault.

For details on gold trading is always better to look at present Gold rate. Study guides on gold market and keep you modified on all details regarding gold rates. You just cannot manage to get rid of your money when you offer Gold. This will make you smashed. Silver promoting is a healthy action and is part of world financial systems like gold trading. You have to be very aware with each move when you are interacting in Gold biscuits and coins.

In summary, FAP Turbo continues to receive good reviews, and people can sometimes make money pretty fast. Although, people also lose their accounts, or they can lose their money quickly.

When you consider all these advantages it is a good idea to engage in trading gold online. If you keep yourself updated on your knowledge on world affairs you could do a winning business. Internet will provide you with the necessary information on factors that could affect gold prices. Your broker also will provide you with tools that allow you to project price fluctuations.

Retrieved from "https://en.formulasearchengine.com/index.php?title=Spectral_concentration_problem&oldid=262024"