|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| '''''American Standard''''' is an early [[musical ensemble|ensemble]] work by noted [[United States|American]] composer [[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]]. It consists of three movements: a march, a hymn, and a jazz standard.<ref name="KPFA">[http://www.archive.org/details/JohnAdamsOTG John Adams on KPFA's Ode To Gravity Series.] Interview by Charles Amirkhanian. 18 April 1973. Retrieved 10 March 2011.</ref> The piece has only been recorded once for commercial release, by Adams himself, but the middle movement, "[[Christian Zeal and Activity]]", has achieved individual notability.
| | Мy name is Nɑomi (42 years old) аnd my hobbies are Table football and Shooting sρort.<br>http://realhelpforteens.com/includes/tmp/pres.php?adidas/zx=adidas-shoes-for-flat-feet<br><br>Here is my weblog; [http://Stmaryschurchmuscat.com/temp/files/pres.php?nike/football/boots=adidas-shoes-elysium discount christian louboutin goulds pumps xylem] |
| | |
| The work is named for [[American Standard Brands|American Standard Brand]] appliances<ref name="New Yorker">John Adams. "Sonic Youth". ''[[The New Yorker]]'' 85.25 (25 August 2008). p32-39.</ref> although Adams says that the title also reflects that the constituent movements are "indigenous musical forms" of the United States.<ref name="KPFA"/>
| |
| | |
| The commercial release was produced by [[Brian Eno]] and released on Eno's [[Obscure Records]] label in 1975.<ref name="New Yorker"/> The recording was of a 23 March 1973 performance at the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]] by the New Music Ensemble of the [[San Francisco Conservatory of Music]] of which Adams was director and was released together with two works by [[Christopher Hobbs]] and one by [[Gavin Bryars]] on an album called ''Ensemble Pieces''.
| |
| | |
| The work is [[aleatoric music|aleatoric]] and Adams did not specify the instruments on which the works should be performed, did not write [[bar (music)|bar lines]] for the music, and noted that a conductor was not necessary to perform the work.
| |
| | |
| The first movement of the work is "John Philip Sousa". Adams himself notes that it is "obviously a march, but...stripped down to a plodding pulse, with no melody or harmony" and that it sounds "like the retreat from battle of a badly wounded army (not my original intention, but curiously evocative all the same)".<ref name="New Yorker"/> All of the players play a [[B♭ (musical note)|B♭]] <math>{}^4_2</math> chord repeated about 60 times with an addition of what he calls "corny march rhythms".<ref name="KPFA"/> Adams felt that the piece was technically difficult to perform.<ref name="KPFA"/>
| |
| | |
| The middle movement, "[[Christian Zeal and Activity]]", which includes slow tonal chords and a recorded sample of a preacher speaking,<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89145711 "John Adams Re-Imagines the Hymn".] [[NPR.org]]. 31 March 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2011.</ref> has achieved notability independent of ''American Standard'' as a whole and is usually the only part of the work recorded or performed.
| |
| | |
| The final movement is titled "Sentimentals" and is an "arrangement or reworking" of [[Duke Ellington]]'s jazz standard "[[Sophisticated Lady]]" that separates melody from harmony.<ref name="KPFA"/>
| |
| | |
| ==References== | |
| {{reflist}}
| |
| | |
| ==External links==
| |
| *[http://www.archive.org/details/JohnAdamsOTG John Adams on KPFA's Ode To Gravity Series.] <small>Audio interview and musical recordings from 18 April 1973. Includes a recording of ''American Standard'' at 00:00 of OTGJohnAdamsR2 and Adams discussing the work at 47:47 of OTGJohnAdamsR1</small>
| |
| *[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=89145711 Recording of "Christian Zeal and Activity"] by the Wordless Music Orchestra at [[NPR.org]]
| |
| | |
| [[Category:Compositions by John Coolidge Adams]]
| |
| [[Category:1973 compositions]]
| |
| [[Category:Experimental music compositions]]
| |