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| {{see|Malnutrition}}
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| :''Wasting could also mean [[Economic efficiency|inefficient]] and/or [[Effectiveness|ineffective]] [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]]. See [[waste]].''
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| {{wikt|wasting}}
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| In medicine, '''wasting''', also known as '''wasting syndrome''', refers to the process by which a debilitating [[disease]] causes [[muscle]] and [[fat]] [[biological tissue|tissue]] to "waste" away. Wasting is sometimes referred to as "acute malnutrition" because it is believed that episodes of wasting have a short duration, in contrast to [[stunted growth|stunting]], which is regarded as chronic malnutrition. According to the latest UN estimates, an estimated 52 million children under 5 years of age, or 8%, were wasted in 2011. The vast majority, about 70%, of the world's wasted children live in Asia, most in South-Central Asia.<ref>United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, The World Bank. UNICEFWHO- World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates. (UNICEF, New York; WHO, Geneva; The World Bank, Washington, DC; 2012)</ref> | |
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| ==Causes==
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| Wasting can be caused by an extremely low energy intake (e.g., caused by [[famine]]), nutrient losses due to [[infection]], or a combination of low intake and high loss. Infections and conditions associated with wasting include [[tuberculosis]], chronic [[diarrhea]], [[AIDS]], and [[superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]. The mechanism may involve [[cachectin]] - also called tumor necrosis factor, a [[macrophage]]-secreted [[cytokine]]. Caretakers and health providers can sometimes contribute to wasting if the patient is placed on an improper diet. Voluntary weight loss and [[eating disorder]]s are excluded as causes of wasting.
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| ==Classification==
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| *Children: Weight-for-height (WFH). In infants under 24 months, recumbent (supine) length is used. WFH as % of median reference value is calculated this way:
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| :<math>\mathrm{WFH} = \frac{\mbox{weight of a given child}}{\mbox{median weight for a given child of that height}} \times 100</math>
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| Cutoff points may vary, but <80% (close to -2 [[Z-score]]) is often used.
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| *Adults:
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| **[[Body Mass Index]] (BMI) is the quotient between weight and height squared (kg/m<sup>2</sup>). An individual with a BMI < 18.5 is regarded as a case of wasting.
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| **Percent of body weight lost (At Tufts, an unintentional loss of 6% or more in 6 months is regarded as wasting)
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Atrophy]]
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| * [[Cachexia]]
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| * [[Weight loss]]
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| * [[Anorexia (symptom)|Anorexia]]
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| * [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
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| ==References==
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| <references />
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| ==External links==
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| * [http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no6/03-1082.htm Chronic Wasting Disease and Potential Transmission to Humans, Center for Disease Control and Prevention]
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| * [http://www.tufts.edu/med/nutrition-infection/hiv/health_weight_loss.html Unintentional Weight Loss/Wasting, Tufts University Nutrition/Infection Unit]
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| [[Category:Symptoms and signs: General]]
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