Vibronic coupling: Difference between revisions

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{{Greek Alphabet}}
Nurse Manager Dominic Bykowski from Vegreville, enjoys ten pin bowling, property developers [http://fasdchildwelfare.ca/users/tobyfairweather6512 new properties in singapore] singapore and compose music. Will soon undertake a contiki voyage which will include visiting the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape.
 
[[Greek letters]] are used in [[mathematics]], [[science]], [[engineering]], and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for [[Mathematical constant|constant]]s, [[special function]]s, and also conventionally for [[Variable (mathematics)|variables]] representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities. Those Greek letters which have the same form as [[Latin letters]] are usually not used: capital A, B, E, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, T, X, Y, Z. Small ι (iota), ο (omicron) and υ (upsilon) are also rarely used, since they closely resemble the Latin letters i, o and u. Sometimes font variants of Greek letters are used as distinct symbols in mathematics, in particular for φ (phi) and π (pi).
 
In [[mathematical finance]], [[Greeks (finance)|the Greeks]] are the variables denoted by Greek letters used to describe the risk of certain investments.
 
The majority of English-speaking mathematicians use neither the [[Greek language#Phonology|modern]] nor the [[Ancient Greek phonology|historical]] Greek pronunciations of the names of the letters, but the traditional [[English pronunciation of Greek letters|English pronunciation]], ''e.g.'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|eɪ|t|ə}} for θ, ''cf.'' ancient {{IPA-el|tʰɛ̂ːta|}} and modern {{IPA-el|ˈθita|}}.
 
==Typography==
 
The Greek letter forms used in mathematics are often different from those used in [[Greek language|Greek-language]] text: they are designed to be used in isolation, not connected to other letters, and some use variant forms which are not normally used in current Greek typography.
 
The [[OpenType]] font format has the feature tag 'mgrk' "Mathematical Greek" to identify a [[glyph]] as representing a Greek letter to be used in mathematical (as opposed to Greek language) contexts.
 
The table below shows a comparison of Greek letters rendered in [[TeX]] and HTML.
The font used in the TeX rendering is an italic style. This is in line with the convention that variables should be italicized. As Greek letters are more often than not used as variables in mathematical formulas, a Greek letter appearing similar to the TeX rendering is more likely to be encountered in works involving mathematics.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="19" | Greek letters
|-
! Name
! TeX
! HTML
!
! Name
! TeX
! HTML
!
! Name
! TeX
! HTML
!
! Name
! TeX
! HTML
!
! Name
! TeX
! HTML
|-
|[[#Αα (alpha)|Alpha]]
|<math>\Alpha \, \alpha \,</math>
|Α α
|
|[[#Ϝϝ (digamma)|Digamma]]
|<math>\digamma \,</math>
|Ϝ ϝ
|
|[[#Κκ (kappa)|Kappa]]
|<math>\Kappa \, \kappa \, \varkappa \,</math>
|Κ κ ϰ
|
|[[#Οο (omicron)|Omicron]]
|<math>\Omicron \, \omicron \,</math>
|Ο ο
|
|[[#Υυ (upsilon)|Upsilon]]
|<math>\Upsilon \, \upsilon \,</math>
|Υ υ
|-
|[[#Ββ (beta)|Beta]]
|<math>\Beta \, \beta \,</math>
|Β β
|
|[[#Ζζ (zeta)|Zeta]]
|<math>\Zeta \, \zeta \,</math>
|Ζ ζ
|
|[[#Λλ (lambda)|Lambda]]
|<math>\Lambda \, \lambda \,</math>
|Λ λ
|
|[[#Ππ (pi)|Pi]]
|<math>\Pi \, \pi \, \varpi \,</math>
|Π π ϖ
|
|[[#Φ&#x3c6; (phi)|Phi]]
|<math>\Phi \, \phi \, \varphi \,</math>
|Φ ϕ φ
|-
|[[#Γγ (gamma)|Gamma]]
|<math>\Gamma \, \gamma \,</math>
|Γ γ
|
|[[#Ηη (eta)|Eta]]
|<math>\Eta \, \eta \,</math>
|Η η
|
|[[#Μμ (mu)|Mu]]
|<math>\Mu \, \mu \,</math>
|Μ μ
|
|[[#Ρρ (rho)|Rho]]
|<math>\Rho \, \rho \, \varrho \,</math>
|Ρ ρ ϱ
|
|[[#Χχ (chi)|Chi]]
|<math>\Chi \, \chi \,</math>
|Χ χ
|-
|[[#Δδ (delta)|Delta]]
|<math>\Delta \, \delta \,</math>
|Δ δ
|
|[[#Θθ (theta)|Theta]]
|<math>\Theta \, \theta \, \vartheta \,</math>
|Θ θ ϑ
|
|[[#Νν (nu)|Nu]]
|<math>\Nu \, \nu \,</math>
|Ν ν
|
|[[#Σσ (sigma)|Sigma]]
|<math>\Sigma \, \sigma \, \varsigma \,</math>
|Σ σ ς
|
|[[#Ψψ (psi)|Psi]]
|<math>\Psi \, \psi \,</math>
|Ψ ψ
|-
|[[#Εε (epsilon)|Epsilon]]
|<math>\Epsilon \, \epsilon \, \varepsilon \,</math>
|Ε ϵ ε
|
|[[#Ιι (iota)|Iota]]
|<math>\Iota \, \iota \,</math>
|Ι ι
|
|[[#Ξξ (xi)|Xi]]
|<math>\Xi \, \xi \,</math>
|Ξ ξ
|
|[[#Ττ (tau)|Tau]]
|<math>\Tau \, \tau \,</math>
|Τ τ
|
|[[#Ωω (omega)|Omega]]
|<math>\Omega \, \omega \,</math>
|Ω ω
|}
 
==Concepts represented by a Greek letter==
 
===Αα (alpha)===
*α represents:
** the first [[angle]] in a [[triangle]], opposite the side ''A''
** one [[Root of a function|root]] of a [[quadratic equation]], where β represents the other
** the ratio of collector current to emitter current in a bipolar junction [[transistor]] (BJT) in electronics
** the [[statistical significance]] of a result
** the [[type I and type II errors|false positive rate]] in statistics ("Type I" error)
** the [[Multiplicative inverse|reciprocal]] of the [[sacrifice ratio]]
** the [[fine structure constant]] in physics
** the [[angle of attack]] of an aircraft
** an [[alpha particle]] (He<sup>2+</sup>)
** [[angular acceleration]] in physics
** the [[Coefficient of thermal expansion|linear thermal expansion coefficient]]
** the [[thermal diffusivity]]
** the [[alpha carbon]] is the first carbon after the carbon that attaches to a functional group in [[organic chemistry]]
** the α-carbon is the backbone carbon next to the carbonyl carbon in [[amino acids]]
** [[right ascension]] in [[astrometry]]
** The brightest star in a constellation.
** Iron Ferrite and numerous phases within materials science.
** the [[Alpha (investment)|return in excess of the compensation for the risk borne]] in investment
** the [[α-conversion]] in [[lambda calculus]]
 
===Ββ (beta)===
*Β represents the [[beta function]]
*β represents:
** the [[thermodynamic beta]], equal to (''k''<sub>B</sub>''T'')<sup>−1</sup>, where ''k''<sub>B</sub> is Boltzmann's constant and ''T'' is the absolute temperature.
** the second angle in a [[triangle]], opposite the side ''B''
** one root of a [[quadratic equation]], where α represents the other
** the ratio of collector current to base current in a bipolar junction [[transistor]] (BJT) in electronics (current gain)
** the [[type I and type II errors|false negative rate]] in statistics ("Type II" error)
** the [[beta coefficient]], the non-diversifiable risk, of an asset in [[mathematical finance]]
** the [[sideslip]] angle of an airplane
** the first-order effects of variations in [[Coriolis force]] with [[latitude]] in planetary dynamics
** a [[beta particle]] (e<sup>-</sup>)
** [[sound intensity]]
** velocity divided by the speed of light in [[special relativity]]
** the beta brain wave in [[brain]] or [[cognitive sciences]]
** [[ecliptic latitude]] in [[astrometry]]
** The ratio of [[Beta (plasma physics)|plasma pressure to magnetic pressure]] in [[plasma physics]]
** [[β-reduction]] in [[lambda calculus]]
 
===Γγ (gamma)===
*Γ represents:
** the [[reflection coefficient]] of a transmission or telecommunication line.
** the [[confinement factor]] of an optical mode in a [[waveguide]]
** the [[gamma function]], a generalization of the [[factorial]]
** the [[incomplete gamma function|upper incomplete gamma function]]
** the [[modular group]], the group of fractional linear transformations
** the [[gamma distribution]], a continuous probability distribution defined using the [[gamma function]]
** [[The Greeks|second-order sensitivity to price]] in [[mathematical finance]]
** the [[Christoffel symbols]] of the second kind
** the [[neighbourhood (graph theory)|neighbourhood]] of a vertex in a [[graph (mathematics)|graph]]
** the stack alphabet in the formal definition of a [[pushdown automaton]]
*γ represents:
** the [[Structural engineering theory#Safety factors|partial safety factors]] applied to loads and materials in [[structural engineering]]
** the [[specific weight]] of substances
** the [[incomplete gamma function|lower incomplete gamma function]]
** the third angle in a [[triangle]], opposite the side ''C''
** the [[Euler–Mascheroni constant]] in mathematics
** [[gamma ray]]s and the [[photon]]
** the [[heat capacity ratio]] in [[thermodynamics]]
** the [[Lorentz factor]] in special relativity
** the [[damping constant]] (kg/s)
 
===Δδ (delta)===
*Δ represents:
** a [[finite difference]]
** a [[difference operator]]
** a [[symmetric difference]]
** the [[Laplace operator]]
** the angle that subtends the arc of a circular curve in [[surveying]]
** the [[determinant]] of an inverse [[matrix (mathematics)|matrix]]<ref>http://www.maths.abdn.ac.uk/~igc/tch/eg1006/notes/node119.html</ref>
** the maximum [[degree (graph theory)|degree]] of any vertex in a given [[graph (mathematics)|graph]]
** the difference or change in a given variable, e.g. ∆v means a difference or change in [[velocity]]
** [[Greeks (finance)|sensitivity to price]] in [[mathematical finance]]
** distance to Earth, measured in [[astronomical unit]]s
** [[heat]] in a chemical formula
** the discriminant in the quadratic formula which determines the nature of the roots
** the [[degrees of freedom (statistics)|degrees of freedom]] in a non-pooled statistical hypothesis test of two population means
*δ represents:
** [[Approximation error|percent error]]
** a variation in the [[calculus of variations]]
** the [[Kronecker delta]] function
** the [[Feigenbaum constant]]
** the [[compound interest|force of interest]] in [[mathematical finance]]
** the [[Dirac delta function]]
** the [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] which [[enkephalins]] have the highest affinity for in [[pharmacology]] <ref name="Katzung">Katzung & Trevor's Pharmacology Examination & Board Review (9th Edition.). Anthony J. Trevor, Bertram G. Katzung, Susan B. Masters ISBN 978-0-07-170155-6. B. Opioid Peptides + 268 pp.</ref>
** the [[Skorokhod integral]] in [[Malliavin calculus]], a subfield of stochastic analysis
** the minimum [[Degree (graph theory)|degree]] of any vertex in a given [[graph (mathematics)|graph]]
** a partial charge. δ− represents a negative partial charge, and δ+ represents a positive partial charge [[chemistry]] (See also: [[Solvation]])
** the [[Chemical shift]] of an atomic nucleus
** [[declination]] in [[astrometry]]
** the [[Turner function]] in computational material science
** depreciation in macroeconomics
** [[noncentrality measure]] in [[statistics]]<ref>Applied Linear Statistical Models (5th ed.).
 
Michael H. Kutner, Christopher J. Nachtsheim, John Neter, & William Li. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005. ISBN 0-07-310874-X. xxviii + 1396 pp.</ref>
 
===Εε (epsilon)===
*ε represents:
** a small positive quantity; see [[limit (mathematics)|limit]]
** a random error in [[regression analysis]]
** in [[set theory]], the limit [[ordinal number|ordinal]] of the sequence <math>\omega,\omega^{\omega},\omega^{\omega^{\omega}},\dots</math>
** in [[computer science]], the [[String (computer science)|empty string]]
** the [[Levi-Civita symbol]]
** in [[electromagnetics]], [[dielectric]] [[permittivity]]
** [[emissivity]]
** [[Deformation (mechanics)|strain]] in [[continuum mechanics]]
** [[permittivity]]
** the Earth's [[axial tilt]] in [[astrometry]]
** [[elasticity (economics)|elasticity]] in [[economics]]
** [[expected value]] in [[probability theory]] and [[statistics]]
** [[electromotive force]]
** in [[chemistry]], the [[molar extinction coefficient]] of a [[chromophore]].
* [[Set (mathematics)|set]] membership symbol ∈ is based on ε
 
==={{lang|grc|Ϝϝ}} (digamma)===
 
*{{lang|grc|Ϝ}} is sometimes used to represent the [[digamma function]], though the Latin letter F (which is nearly identical) is usually substituted.
 
===Ζζ (zeta)===
*ζ represents:
** the [[Riemann zeta function]] and other [[zeta function (disambiguation)|zeta function]]s in mathematics
** the coefficient of [[viscosity|viscous friction]] in [[polymer]] dynamics
** the [[damping ratio]]
** relative vertical [[vorticity]] in fluid dynamics
 
===Ηη (eta)===
*Η represents:
** the Eta function of  [[Ludwig Boltzmann]]'s [[H-theorem]] ("Eta" theorem), in [[statistical mechanics]]
 
*η represents:
** the intrinsic impedance of medium (usually free space)
** the partial [[regression analysis|regression]] [[correlation ratio|coefficient]] in statistics
** [[elasticity (economics)|elasticities]] in economics
** the absolute vertical vorticity (relative vertical vorticity + [[Coriolis effect]]) in fluid dynamics
** an [[index of refraction]]
** a type of [[meson]]
** [[viscosity]]
** [[efficiency (statistics)]]
** [[Efficiency#In science and technology|efficiency (physics and engineering)]]
** the [[Minkowski metric]] tensor in relativity
** noise in communication system models
 
===Θθ (theta)===
*Θ represents:
** an asymptotically tight bound related to [[big O notation]].
** [[The Greeks|sensitivity to the passage of time]] in [[mathematical finance]]
** [[Θ (set theory)]], a certain [[ordinal number]]
*θ represents:
** a [[angle|plane angle]] in [[geometry]]
** the [[angle]] to the x [[Coordinate axis|axis]] in the xy-[[Plane (mathematics)|plane]] in [[spherical coordinates|spherical]] or [[cylindrical coordinates]] (mathematics)
** the [[angle]] to the z [[Coordinate axis|axis]] in [[spherical coordinates]] (physics)
** [[potential temperature]] in thermodynamics
** the [[mean time between failure]] in [[reliability engineering]]
** soil water contents in soil science
** Debye temperature
** [[theta function]]s
* sometimes also ϑ ("script theta"), cursive form of theta, often used in handwriting
** the first [[Chebyshev function]] in [[number theory]]
 
===Ιι (iota)===
 
* ι represents:
** the [[APL syntax|index generator function]] in [[A Programming Language|APL]] (in the form ⍳)
** the [[orbital inclination]] with respect to the line of sight, used when describing [[gravitational wave]] sources.
 
===Κκ (kappa)===
*Κ represents:
** the [[Kappa number]]
 
*κ represents:
** the [[Von Kármán constant]]
** the [[kappa curve]]
** the [[condition number]] of a [[matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] in [[numerical analysis]]
** the [[Connectivity (graph theory)|connectivity]] of a [[graph (mathematics)|graph]] in [[graph theory]]
** [[curvature]]
** [[dielectric constant]] <math>(\varepsilon / \varepsilon_0)</math>
** [[thermal conductivity]] (usually a lowercase Latin k)
** [[thermal diffusivity]]
** a [[spring constant]] (usually a lowercase Latin k)
** the [[heat capacity ratio]] in thermodynamics (usually γ)
** the [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] which [[dynorphins]] have the highest affinity for in [[pharmacology]]<ref name="Katzung" />
 
===Λ λ (lambda)===
*Λ represents:
** the [[von Mangoldt function]] in [[number theory]]
** the set of logical axioms in the [[axiomatic method]] of logical deduction in [[first-order logic]]
** the [[cosmological constant]]
** a type of [[baryon]]
** a diagonal matrix of [[eigenvalue]]s in [[linear algebra]]
** the [[permeance]] of a material in [[electromagnetism]]
*λ represents:
** one [[wavelength]] of electromagnetic radiation
** the [[decay constant]] in radioactivity
** function expressions in the [[lambda calculus]]
** a general [[eigenvalue]] in [[linear algebra]]
** the expected number of occurrences in a [[Poisson distribution]] in probability
** the [[arrival rate]] in [[queueing theory]]
** the average lifetime or rate parameter in an [[exponential distribution]] (commonly used across [[statistics]], [[physics]], and [[engineering]])
** the [[failure rate]] in [[reliability engineering]]
** the [[mean]] or average value (probability and statistics)
** the [[latent heat of fusion]]
** the [[lagrange multiplier]] in the [[mathematical optimization]] method, known as the [[shadow price]] in economics
** the [[Lebesgue measure]] denotes the volume or measure of a Lebesgue measurable set
** [[longitude]] in [[geodesy]]
** [[linear density]]
** [[ecliptic longitude]] in [[astrometry]]
** the [[Liouville function]] in [[number theory]]
** the [[Carmichael function]] in [[number theory]]
** a [[units of measurement|unit of measure]] of [[volume]] equal to one [[microlitre]] (1 μL) or one cubic millimetre (1&nbsp;mm³)
** the [[empty string]] in [[formal grammar]]
 
===Μμ (mu)===
*μ represents:
** the [[Möbius function]] in [[number theory]]
** the ring [[Representation (mathematics)|representation]] of a representation module
** the population [[mean]] or [[expected value]] in [[probability]] and [[statistics]]
** a [[measure (mathematics)|measure]] in [[measure theory]]
** [[micro-]], an [[SI prefix]] denoting 10<sup>−6</sup> (one millionth)
** the [[coefficient of friction]] in [[physics]]
** the [[service rate]] in [[queueing theory]]
** the [[dynamic viscosity]] in physics
** magnetic [[permeability (electromagnetism)|permeability]] in [[electromagnetics]]
** a [[muon]]
** [[reduced mass]]
** chemical potential in [[condensed matter]] physics
** the [[electrical mobility|ion mobility]] in [[plasma physics]]
 
===Νν (nu)===
*ν represents:
** [[frequency]] in physics in [[hertz]] (Hz)
** [[Degrees of freedom (statistics)|Degrees of freedom]] in statistics
** [[Poisson's ratio]] in material science
** a [[neutrino]]
** [[kinematic viscosity]] of liquids
** [[stoichiometric coefficient]] in chemistry
** dimension of nullspace in mathematics
 
===Ξ ξ (xi)===
* Ξ represents:
** the original [[Riemann Xi function]], i.e. Riemann's lower case ξ, as denoted by [[Edmund Landau]] and currently
** the [[grand canonical ensemble]] found in [[statistical mechanics]]
** a type of baryon
*ξ represents:
** the original [[Riemann Xi function]]
** the modified definition of Riemann xi function, as denoted by Edmund Landau and currently
** a [[random variable]]
** the extent of a chemical reaction
** [[coherence length]]
** the [[damping]] ratio
** universal set
 
===Οο (omicron)===
* Ο represents:
** [[big O notation]] (may be represented by an uppercase Latin O)
* o represents:
** [[big O notation|small o notation]] (may be represented by a lowercase Latin o)
 
===Π π (pi)===
*Π represents:
** the [[multiplication|product]] operator in mathematics
** a [[plane (mathematics)|plane]]
*π represents:
** [[Archimedes' constant]], the ratio of a [[circle]]'s [[circumference]] to its [[diameter]]
** the [[prime-counting function]]
** [[Profit (economics)|profit]] in [[microeconomics]] and [[game theory]]
** [[inflation]] in [[macroeconomics]], expressed as a constant with respect to time
** the state distribution of a [[Markov chain]]
** a type of [[covalent bond]] in chemistry ([[pi bond]])
** a [[pion]] (pi meson) in particle physics
** in electronics, a special type of [[small signal model]] is referred to as a [[hybrid-pi model]]
** in relational algebra for databases, represents project
*ϖ (a graphic variant, see [[pomega]]) represents:
** [[angular frequency]] of a [[ocean surface wave|wave]], in [[fluid dynamics]] (angular frequency is usually represented by <math>\omega</math> but this may be confused with [[vorticity]] in a fluid dynamics context)
** [[longitude of the periapsis|longitude of pericenter]], in [[celestial mechanics]]<ref>[http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Pomega.html Pomega - from Eric Weisstein's World of Physics<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
** [[comoving distance]], in cosmology<ref>[http://odin.physastro.mnsu.edu/~eskridge/astr225/week14.html Outline for Weeks 14&15, Astronomy 225 Spring 2008<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
 
===Ρρ (rho)===
*Ρ represents:
** one of the [[Leopold Gegenbauer|Gegenbauer]] functions in analytic number theory.
 
*ρ represents:
** one of the [[Leopold Gegenbauer|Gegenbauer]] functions in analytic number theory.
** the [[Dickman function|Dickman-de Bruijn function]]
** the [[radius]] in a [[polar coordinate system|polar]], [[cylindrical coordinate system|cylindrical]], or [[spherical coordinate system]]
** the [[Spearman's rank correlation coefficient|correlation coefficient]] in [[statistics]]
** the [[The Greeks|sensitivity to interest rate]] in [[mathematical finance]]
** [[density]] (mass or charge per unit volume)
** [[resistivity]]
** the [[APL syntax|shape and reshape operators]] in [[A Programming Language|APL]] (in the form ⍴)
** the [[utilization]] in [[queueing theory]]
** the [[rank of a matrix]]
 
===Σσ (sigma)===
*Σ represents:
** the [[summation]] operator
** the [[covariance matrix]]
** the set of [[terminal symbol]]s in a [[formal grammar]]
*σ represents:
** [[Stefan–Boltzmann constant]] in [[blackbody radiation]]
** the [[divisor function]] in [[number theory]]
**the [[real part]] of the [[complex number|complex]] variable ''s'' = σ + ''i'' ''t''  in [[analytic number theory]]
** the sign of a permutation in the theory of finite groups
** the population [[standard deviation]], a measure of [[Statistical dispersion|spread]] in [[probability]] and [[statistics]]
** a type of [[covalent bond]] in chemistry ([[sigma bond]])
** the selection operator in [[relational algebra]]
** [[stress (physics)|stress]] in mechanics
** [[electrical conductivity]]
** [[area density]]
** [[nuclear cross section]]
** uncertainty
** utilization in operations management
** [[surface charge]] density for microparticles
 
===Ττ (tau)===
*τ (lower-case) represents:
** an [[Interval (time)|interval]] of time
** a [[mean lifetime]]
** [[torque]], the rotational force in [[mechanics]]
** the elementary [[tau lepton]] in [[particle physics]]
** the lifetime of a [[spontaneous emission]] process
** the [[time constant]] of any device, such as an [[RC circuit]]
** [[proper time]] in [[Theory of relativity|relativity]]
** [[Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient]], a measure of [[rank correlation]] in statistics
** the [[golden ratio]] 1.618... (although [[phi (letter)|&#x3c6;]] (phi) is more common)
** [[Ramanujan's tau function]] in [[number theory]]
** in [[astronomy]], a measure of [[Opacity (optics)|opacity]], or how much sunlight cannot penetrate the atmosphere
** the intertwining operator in representation theory
** the [[Tau (protein)|tau]] in [[biochemistry]], a [[protein]] associated to [[microtubule]]s
** [[Shear stress]] in [[continuum mechanics]]
** the number of divisors of highly composite numbers {{OEIS|id=A000005}}
** the prefix of many stars, via the [[Bayer designation|Bayer]] stellar designation system
** an internal system step in [[State transition system|transition systems]]
** a type variable in type theories, such as the [[simply typed lambda calculus]]
** path [[tortuosity]] in reservoir engineering
** in [[Topology]], a given topology
** a proposed name for the [[mathematical constant]] of the ratio of a [[circle]]'s [[circumference]] to its [[radius]], with value 2π (6.283...).
 
===Υυ (upsilon)===
*Υ represents:
** an elementary particle
 
*υ represents:
** [[frequency]] in physics textbooks
 
===Φ&#x3c6; (phi)===
*Φ represents:
** the [[work function]] in physics; the energy required by a photon to remove an electron from the surface of a metal
** [[magnetic flux]]
** the [[cumulative distribution function]] of the [[normal distribution]] in statistics
** [[phenyl]] functional group
** the [[Multiplicative inverse|reciprocal]] of the [[golden ratio]] (represented by φ, below), also represented as 1/φ
** the value of the integration of information in a system (based on [[Integrated Information Theory]])
** note: a symbol for the [[empty set]], <math>\varnothing</math>, resembles Φ but is not Φ
*φ represents:
** the [[golden ratio]] 1.618... in mathematics, art, and architecture
** [[Euler's totient function]] in number theory
** a holomorphic map on an analytic space
** the argument of a [[complex number]] in mathematics
** the value of a [[angle|plane angle]] in physics and mathematics
** the [[angle]] to the z [[Coordinate axis|axis]] in [[spherical coordinates]] (mathematics)
** the [[angle]] to the x [[Coordinate axis|axis]] in the xy-[[Plane (mathematics)|plane]] in [[spherical coordinates|spherical]] or [[cylindrical coordinates]] (physics)
** [[latitude]] in [[geodesy]]
** a [[scalar field]]
** [[radiant flux]]
** [[electric potential]]
** the [[probability density function]] of the [[normal distribution]] in statistics
** a feature of a syntactic node giving that node characteristics such as [[Grammatical gender|gender]], [[Grammatical number|number]] and [[Grammatical person|person]] in [[syntax]]
 
===Χχ (chi)===
*χ represents:
**the [[chi distribution]] in [[statistics]] (<span style="font-family:serif">''χ''</span><math>^2</math> is the more frequently encountered [[chi-squared distribution]])
** the [[chromatic number]] of a graph in [[graph theory]]
** the [[Euler characteristic]] in [[algebraic topology]]
** [[electronegativity]] in the [[periodic table]]
** the [[Rabi frequency]]
** the [[spinor]] of a fundamental particle
** the Fourier transform of a [[linear response function]]
** a [[character (mathematics)|character]] in [[mathematics]]; especially a [[Dirichlet character]] in [[number theory]]
** the Sigma vectors in the [[unscented transform]] used in the [[unscented Kalman filter]]
** sometimes the [[mole fraction]]
** a characteristic or [[indicator function]] in mathematics
 
===Ψψ (psi)===
*Ψ represents:
** [[water potential]]
** a quaternary combinator in [[combinatory logic]]
*ψ represents:
** the [[wave function]] in the [[Schrödinger equation]] of [[quantum mechanics]]
** the [[stream function]] in fluid dynamics
** yaw angle in vehicle dynamics
** the angle between the x-axis and the tangent to the curve in the intrinsic coordinates system
** the [[reciprocal Fibonacci constant]]
** the second [[Chebyshev function]] in [[number theory]]
** the [[polygamma function]] in [[mathematics]]
 
===Ω ω (omega)===
*Ω represents:
** the [[Omega constant]]
** an asymptotic lower bound related to [[big O notation]]
** in [[probability theory]] and [[statistical mechanics]], the [[Set (mathematics)|set]] of possible distinct system states
** the [[SI unit]] measure of [[electrical resistance]], the [[Ohm (unit)|ohm]]
** the rotation rate of an object, particularly a planet, in dynamics
** a [[solid angle]]
** a [[baryon]]
** the [[arithmetic function#Ω(n), ω(n), νp(n) – prime power decomposition|arithmetic function]] counting a number's prime factors
** the [[right ascension of the ascending node]] in [[celestial mechanics]]
** the [[density parameter]] in [[Physical cosmology|cosmology]]
*ω represents:
** the first [[Infinity|infinite]] [[ordinal number|ordinal]]
** the differentiability class (''i.e.'' <math>C^\omega</math>) for functions that are infintely differentiable because they are [[Analytic function|complex analytic]]
** the set of [[natural number]]s in [[set theory]] (although <math>\mathbb{N}</math> or '''N''' is more common in other areas of mathematics)
** an asymptotically dominant quantity related to [[big O notation]]
** in [[probability theory]], a possible outcome of an experiment
** [[angular velocity]] / [[angular velocity|radian frequency]]
** a [[Complex number|complex]] [[cube root|cube]] [[root of unity]] — the other is ω² — (used to describe various ways of calculating the [[discrete Fourier transform]])
** vertical velocity in [[geopotential height|pressure-based]] coordinate systems (commonly used in atmospheric dynamics)
** a [[meson]]
** the [[arithmetic function#Ω(n), ω(n), νp(n) – prime power decomposition|arithmetic function]] counting a number's distinct prime factors
** a differential form (esp. on an analytic space)
** the [[argument of periapsis]] in [[celestial mechanics]]
**the symbol ϖ, a graphic variant of π, is sometimes construed as omega with a bar over it; see [[#Ππ (pi)|π]]
 
==See also==
* [[Greek alphabet]]
* [[English pronunciation of Greek letters]]
* [http://skytonight.com/howto/The_Greek_Alphabet.html A pronunciation guide with audio]
* [[Latin letters used in mathematics]]
* [[Mathematical alphanumeric symbols]]
* [[Table of mathematical symbols]]
* [[Typographical conventions in mathematical formulae]]
* [[The Greeks]] (Greek letters used in mathematical finance)
* [[§]] (Other information on used/ un-used aplabets)
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Greek Letters Used In Mathematics, Science, And Engineering}}
[[Category:Mathematical notation|*]]
[[Category:Greek letters]]

Latest revision as of 11:18, 11 November 2014

Nurse Manager Dominic Bykowski from Vegreville, enjoys ten pin bowling, property developers new properties in singapore singapore and compose music. Will soon undertake a contiki voyage which will include visiting the Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape.

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