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| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
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All users are most likely to discover it difficult to tire this amount of disk space.<br><br>Bandwidth 1000GB/month - Likewise enhanced is the bandwidth allotment, from 75GB to an apparently excessive 1000GB. Once again basically no chance of making use of all that, but it's nice to know that you certainly will not be dealing with extra costs for reviewing your restriction, even if you have a really hectic site(s).<br><br>Site Studio website builder - This is a wonderful cost-free program that allows you to construct your internet site from scratch. You has more than 500 templates and color design to select from. You need no HTML experience, or code writing expertise. It provides the simplest possible way of making a professional looking website in a really brief area of time. 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Our experience has always been really great when calling Hostgator, their operatives are really courteous and most importantly they seem to understand their stuff when dealing with technical problems.<br><br>Performance<br><br>The performance from Hostgator's servers is exceptional! Hostgator place much tighter limitations on the number of sites sharing the exact same server compared to most various other shared hosting providers. This offers higher reliability because less strain is put on the servers; and it also significantly improves the rate at which your websites run.<br><br>Server performance is an additional among the essential areas where Hostgator identify themselves from the group of other internet hosts.<br><br>Our decision<br><br>Generally there is so much to such as about the method Hostgator does business, they really do seem to have a great grasp on what the typical customer needs from an internet hosting company. 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| An '''[[order of magnitude]]''' is generally a factor of ten. A quantity growing by four orders of magnitude implies it has grown by a factor of 10000 or 10<sup>4</sup>. However, because computers are binary, orders of magnitude are sometimes given as powers of two.
| |
| | |
| This article presents a list of multiples, sorted by orders of magnitude, for [[Computer data storage|digital information storage]] measured in [[bit]]s. This article assumes a descriptive attitude towards terminology, reflecting general usage. The article assumes the following:
| |
| *A group of 8 bits constitutes one [[byte]]. The [[byte]] is the most common unit of measurement of information ([[megabyte]], [[mebibyte]], [[gigabyte]], [[gibibyte]], etc.).
| |
| *In 16-bit and 32-bit architectures, having processor registers of these sizes, that chunk of data is usually called a [[Word (data type)|word]].
| |
| *The decimal [[SI prefix]]es ''kilo'', ''mega'' etc., are powers of 10. The [[power of two]] equivalents are the [[binary prefix]]es ''kibi'', ''mebi'', etc.
| |
| | |
| Accordingly:
| |
| * 1 kB ([[kilobyte]]) = 1000 bytes = 8000 bits
| |
| * 1 KiB ([[kibibyte]]) = 2<sup>10</sup> bytes = 1024 bytes = 8192 bits
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| {{-}}
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| this creates enormous individual cells, which breaks the PDF rendering.
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| If you have questions, ask them at Help:Books/Feeback
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+[[Orders of magnitude]] (data)
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| |- valign="top"
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| ! colspan=2 | Binary<br>[bits]
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| ! colspan=2 | Decimal
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| ! rowspan=2 | Item
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| |- valign="top"
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| ! Factor
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| ! Term
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| ! Factor
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| ! Term
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>0</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[bit]]
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>0</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| bit
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| | 1 bit – 0 or 1, false or true, Low or High
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| <!-- The unit of entropy has been changed to "shannon" by the ISO standard. The amount "1.5"
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| is an approximated value.
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| * 1.5 bit – average [[information entropy]] per character in English text.
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| --> | |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 1.58496 bits (<math>\log_2 3</math>) – approximate size of a [[ternary numeral system|trit]] (a base-3 digit)
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>1</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 2 bits – a crumb (rarely used term), enough to uniquely identify one base pair of [[genetic code]]
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 3 bits – the size of an [[octal]] digit
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>2</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[nibble]]
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 4 bits – (aka "nybble" or "semioctet", rarely used) the size of a [[hexadecimal]] digit; [[decimal]] digits in [[binary-coded decimal]] form
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 5 bits – the size of code points in the [[Baudot code]], used in [[teleprinter|telex]] communication
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 6 bits – the size of code points in [[Univac]] [[Fieldata]], in [[Binary-coded decimal#IBMBCD|IBM "BCD" format]], and in [[Braille]]. Enough to uniquely identify one codon of genetic code.
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 7 bits – the size of code points in the [[ASCII]] character set
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| – minimum length to store 2 decimal digits<br>
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>3</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[byte]]
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 8 bits – (a.k.a. "[[octet (computing)|octet]]") on many computer architectures.
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| – Equivalent to 1 "word" on 8-bit computers (Apple II, Atari 800, Commodore 64, et al.).<br>
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| – the "word size" (instruction length) for 8-bit [[History of video game consoles|console systems]] including: [[Atari 2600]], [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>1</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| decabit
| |
| | 10 bits<br>
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| – minimum [[bit]] length to store a single byte with error-correcting memory<br>
| |
| – minimum [[Data frame|frame]] length to transmit a single byte with asynchronous serial protocols
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 12 bits – wordlength of the [[PDP-8]] of Digital Equipment Corporation (built from 1965–1990)
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>4</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 16 bits<br>
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| – commonly used in many [[programming language]]s, the size of an [[Integer (computer science)|integer]] capable of holding 65,536 different values<br>
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| – Equivalent to 1 "word" on 16-bit computers (IBM PC, Commodore Amiga)<br>
| |
| – the "word size" (instruction length) for 16-bit [[History of video game consoles|console systems]] including: [[Sega Genesis]], [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Nintendo]], [[Mattel Intellivision]]
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>5</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 32 bits (4 bytes)<br>
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| – size of an integer capable of holding 4,294,967,296 different values<br>
| |
| – size of an [[IEEE floating-point standard|IEEE 754]] single-precision [[floating point]] number<br>
| |
| – size of addresses in [[IPv4]], the current [[Internet protocol]]<br>
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| – Equivalent to 1 "word" on 32-bit computers (Apple Macintosh, Pentium-based PC).<br>
| |
| – the "word size" (instruction length) for various [[History of video game consoles|console systems]] including: [[PlayStation]], [[Nintendo GameCube]], [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]], [[Wii]]
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 36 bits – size of word on Univac 1100-series computers and Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-10
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 56 bits (7 bytes) – cipher strength of the [[Data Encryption Standard|DES]] encryption standard
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>6</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 64 bits (8 bytes)<br>
| |
| – size of an integer capable of holding 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 different values<br>
| |
| – size of an IEEE 754 double-precision floating point number<br>
| |
| – Equivalent to 1 "word" on 64-bit computers (Power, PA-Risc, Alpha, Itanium, Sparc, x86-64 PCs and Macintoshes).<br>
| |
| – the "word size" (instruction length) for 64-bit [[History of video game consoles|console systems]] including: [[Nintendo 64]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[Xbox 360]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 80 bits (10 bytes) – size of an extended precision floating point number, for intermediate calculations that can be performed in floating point units of most [[central processing unit|processor]]s of the x86 family. Capacity of a [[punched card]].
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>2</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| hectobit
| |
| | 100 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>7</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 128 bits (16 bytes)<br>
| |
| – size of addresses in [[IPv6]], the successor protocol of [[IPv4]]<br>
| |
| – minimum cipher strength of the [[Rijndael]] and [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]] encryption standards, and of the widely used [[MD5]] cryptographic [[message digest]] algorithm
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 160 bits – maximum key length of the [[SHA-1]], standard [[Tiger (hash)]], and Tiger2 cryptographic message digest algorithms
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>8</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 256 bits (32 bytes) – minimum key length for the recommended strong cryptographic [[message digest]]s {{As of| 2004| lc=on}}
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>9</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 512 bits (64 bytes) – maximum key length for the standard strong cryptographic [[message digest]]s in 2004
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>3</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[kilobit]]
| |
| | 1000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>10</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[kibibit]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1024 bits (128 bytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1288 bits – approximate maximum capacity of a standard [[magnetic stripe card]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>11</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2048 bits (256 bytes) – [[RAM]] capacity of the stock [[Altair 8800]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>12</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4096 bits (512 bytes)
| |
| – typical sector size, and minimum space allocation unit on computer storage volumes, with most [[file system]]s<br>
| |
| – approximate amount of information on a sheet of single-spaced typewritten paper (without formatting)<br>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4704 bits (588 bytes) – uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard [[MPEG]] audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with medium quality 8-bit sampling at 44,100 [[Hertz|Hz]] (or 16-bit sampling at 22,050 Hz)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8000 bits (10<sup>3</sup> bytes) – one [[kilobyte]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>13</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[kibibyte]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8192 bits (1,024 bytes) – [[RAM]] capacity of a [[Sinclair ZX81]].
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 9408 bits (1,176 bytes) – uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard MPEG audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with standard 16-bit sampling at 44,100 Hz
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>4</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 15,360 bits – one screen of data displayed on an 8-bit monochrome text console (80x24)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>14</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 16,384 bits (2 kibibytes) – one page of typed text,<ref name="alltoomuch"/> RAM capacity of [[Nintendo Entertainment System]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>15</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 32,768 bits (4 kibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>16</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 65,536 bits (8 kibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>5</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 100,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>17</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 131,072 bits (16 kibibytes) – [[RAM]] capacity of the smallest [[Sinclair ZX Spectrum]].
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 160 kilobits – approximate size of this article as of 15 April 2010
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>18</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 262,144 bits (32 kibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>19</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 524,288 bits (64 kibibytes) – [[RAM]] capacity of a lot of popular 8-bit Computers like the [[Commodore 64|C-64]], [[Amstrad CPC]] etc.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>6</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[megabit]]
| |
| | 1,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>20</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[mebibit]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1,048,576 bits (128 kibibytes) – [[RAM]] capacity of popular 8-bit Computers like the [[Commodore 128|C-128]], [[Amstrad CPC]] etc. Or a {{nowrap|1024 x 768 pixel}} [[jpeg]] image.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1,978,560 bits – a one-page, standard-resolution black-and-white [[fax]] (1728 × 1145 pixels)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>21</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2,097,152 bits (256 kibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4,147,200 bits – one frame of uncompressed [[NTSC]] DVD video (720 × 480 × 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>22</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4,194,304 bits (512 kibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4 976 640 bits – one frame of uncompressed [[PAL]] DVD video (720 × 576 × 12 bpp Y'CbCr)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 5 000 000 bits – Typical English book volume in plain text format of {{nowrap|500 pages × 2000 characters}} per page and 5-bits per character.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 5,242,880 bits (640 kibibytes) – the maximum addressable memory of the original [[IBM PC]] architecture
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8,000,000 bits (10<sup>6</sup> bytes) – the preferred definition of [[megabyte]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8,343,400 bits – one "typical" sized [[:Image:Anthomyiidae sp. 1 (aka).jpg|photograph]] with reasonably good quality (1024 × 768 pixels).
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>23</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[mebibyte]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8,388,608 bits (1024 kibibytes), one of a few traditional meanings of [[megabyte]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>7</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 11,520,000 bits – capacity of a lower-resolution computer monitor (as of 2006), {{nowrap|800 × 600 pixels}}, {{nowrap|24 bpp}}
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 11,796,480 bits – capacity of a 3.5 in [[floppy disk]], colloquially known as 1.44 [[megabyte]] but actually 1.44 × 1000 × 1024 bytes
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>24</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 16,777,216 bits (2 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|25 000 000 bits}} – amount of data in a typical color slide
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|30 000 000 bits}} – The first commercial harddisk [[IBM 350]] in 1956 could store {{nowrap|3.75 MiB}} for a cost of {{nowrap|50 000 USD}} which is {{nowrap|{{Inflation|US|50000|1956|r=2}} USD}} today.<ref name=hddcost/>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>25</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|33 554 432 bits}} (4 mebibytes) – RAM capacity of stock [[Nintendo 64]] and average size of a music track in [[MP3]] format.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 41,943,040 bits (5 mebibytes) – approximate size of the [[Complete Works of Shakespeare]]<ref name="alltoomuch">{{cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/specialreports/displaystory.cfm?story_id=15557421| title=A special report on managing information: All too much| date=25 February 2010| work=The Economist| accessdate=4 March 2010}}</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|80 000 000 bits}} – In 1985 a {{nowrap|10 MB}} harddisk cost {{nowrap|710 USD}} which is {{nowrap|{{Inflation|US|710|1985|r=2}} USD}} today.<ref name="hddcost">{{cite web|title=Cost of Hard Drive Space |url=http://ns1758.ca/winch/winchest.html |date=2013-05-11|accessdate=2013-06-23}}</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 98,304,000 bits – capacity of a high-resolution computer monitor as of 2011, {{nowrap|2560 × 1600 pixels,}} {{nowrap|24 bpp}}
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 50 – 100 megabits – amount of information in a typical [[telephone directory|phone book]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>26</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>8</sup>
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 67,108,864 bit (8 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>27</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 134,217,728 bits (16 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 150 megabits – amount of data in a large foldout [[map]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>28</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 268,435,456 bits (32 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|144 000 000 bits}}: In 1980 a {{nowrap|18 MB}} harddisk cost {{nowrap|4199 USD}} which is {{nowrap|{{Inflation|US|4199|1980|r=2}} USD}} today.<ref name=hddcost/>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 423,360,000 bits: a five-minute audio recording, in [[Compact Disc|CDDA]] quality
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>29</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 536,870,912 bits (64 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>9</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[gigabit]]
| |
| | 1,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>30</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[gibibit]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1,073,741,824 bits (128 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>31</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2,147,483,648 bits (256 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>32</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4,294,967,296 bits (512 mebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 5.45{{e| 9}} bits (650 mebibytes) – capacity of a regular [[compact disc]] (CD)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 5.89{{e| 9}} bits (702 mebibytes) – capacity of a large regular compact disc
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 6.4{{e| 9}} bits – capacity of the [[human genome]] (assuming 2 bits for each [[base pair]])
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|6 710 886 400 bits}} – average size of a movie in [[MPEG-4 Part 2|Divx]] format in 2002.<ref name="divxshrink">{{cite web|title=How much does DivX shrink a file? |url=http://forum.doom9.org/archive/index.php/t-23408.html |date=2002-04-18|accessdate=2013-06-24}}</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|8 000 000 000 bits}} – in 1995 a {{nowrap|1 GB}} harddisk cost {{nowrap|849 USD}} which is {{nowrap|{{Inflation|US|849|1995|r=2}} USD}} today.<ref name=hddcost/>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>33</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[gibibyte]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|8 589 934 592 bits}} (1024 mebibytes) – The maximum disk capacity using the 21-bit LBA [[SCSI]] standard introduced in 1979.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>10</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 10 000 000 000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>34</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|17 179 869 184 bits}} (2 gibibytes). The storage limit of [[AT Attachment#Features introduced with each ATA revision|IDE]] standard for harddisks in 1986. And the volume limit for [[File Allocation Table|FAT16]] released in 1984.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>35</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 34,359,738,368 bits (4 gibibytes) – maximum addressable memory for the [[Motorola 68020]] (1984) and [[Intel 80386]] (1985)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 3.76{{e| 10}} bits (4.7 gigabytes) – capacity of a single-layer, single-sided [[DVD]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>36</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 68,719,476,736 bits (8 gibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|79 215 880 888 bits}} – {{nowrap|9.2 GiB}} size of [[Wikipedia]] article text compressed with [[bzip2]] on 2013-06-05
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>11</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 100,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>37</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|137 438 953 472 bits}} (16 gibibytes).
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1.46{{e| 11}} bits (17 gigabytes) – capacity of a double-sided, dual-layered [[DVD]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2.15{{e| 11}} bits (25 gigabytes) – capacity of a single-sided, single-layered 12-cm [[Blu-ray disc]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>38</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 274,877,906,944 bits (32 gibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>39</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 549,755,813,888 bits (64 gibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>12</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[terabit]]
| |
| | 1,000,000,000,000 bits (125 gigabytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>40</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[tebibit]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1.34{{e| 12}} bits – estimated capacity of the ''[[Polychaos dubium]]'' genome, the largest known [[genome]]. The storage limit for [[AT Attachment#Features introduced with each ATA revision|ATA-1]] compliant disks introduced in 1994.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1.6{{e| 12}} bits (200 [[gigabyte]]s) – capacity of a [[hard disk]] that would be considered average {{As of| 2008| lc=on}}. In 2005 a {{nowrap|200 GB}} harddisk cost {{nowrap|100 USD}} which is {{nowrap|{{Inflation|US|100|2005|r=2}} USD}} today.<ref name=hddcost/>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>41</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2,199,023,255,552 bits (256 gibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>42</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4,398,046,511,104 bits (512 gibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|8 000 000 000 000 bits}} (1000 gibibytes) In 2010 a {{nowrap|1 TB}} harddisk cost {{nowrap|80 USD}} which is {{nowrap|{{Inflation|US|80|2010|r=2}} USD}} today.<ref name=hddcost/>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>43</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[tebibyte]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8,796,093,022,208 bits (1024 gibibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |(approximately) 8.97{{e| 12}} bits – {{As of| 2010| lc=on}}, data of [[pi|π]] to the largest number of decimal digits ever calculated (2.7{{e| 12}})
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>13</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|10 000 000 000 000 bits}} (1.25 [[terabyte]]s) – capacity of a human being's functional memory, according to [[Raymond Kurzweil]] in [[The Singularity Is Near]], p. 126
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|16 435 678 019 584 bits}} (1.9 [[terabyte]]s) – Size of all multimedia files used in English [[wikipedia]] on May 2012
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>44</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|17 592 186 044 416 bits}} (2 tebibytes) – capacity of a [[hard disk]] that would be considered average {{As of| 2012| lc=on}} and the maximum disk capacity using the 32-bit LBA [[SCSI]] introduced in 1987.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>45</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 35,184,372,088,832 bits (4 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>46</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 70,368,744,177,664 bits (8 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>14</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 100,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>47</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|140 737 488 355 328 bits}} (16 tebibytes). [[NTFS]] volume capacity in [[Windows 7]], [[Windows Server 2008 R2]] or earlier implementation.<ref name="How NTFS Works">{{cite web
| |
| | url = http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc781134(v=ws.10).aspx
| |
| | title = How NTFS Works
| |
| | date = 2003-03-28
| |
| | work = Windows Server 2003 Technical Reference
| |
| | author = [[Microsoft TechNet]]
| |
| | accessdate = 2011-09-12
| |
| }}</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1.5{{e| 14}} bits (18.75 terabytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>48</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 281,474,976,710,656 bits (32 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>49</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 562,949,953,421,312 bits (64 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>15</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[petabit]]
| |
| | 1,000,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>50</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[pebibit]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1,125,899,906,842,624 bits (128 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>51</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2,251,799,813,685,248 bits (256 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>52</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4,503,599,627,370,496 bits (512 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8,000,000,000,000,000 bits (10<sup>15</sup> bytes) – one [[petabyte]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>53</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[pebibyte]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 9,007,199,254,740,992 bits (1024 tebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>16</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 10,000,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>54</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 18,014,398,509,481,984 bits (2 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>55</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 36,028,797,018,963,968 bits (4 pebibytes) – theoretical maximum of addressable physical memory in the [[AMD64]] architecture {{Citation needed|date=December 2012}}
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4.5{{e| 16}} bits (5.625 [[petabyte]]s) – estimated hard drive space in [[Google]]'s [[server farm]] {{As of| 2004| lc=on}} {{Citation needed|date=December 2012}}
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>56</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 72,057,594,037,927,936 bits (8 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 10 petabytes (10<sup>16</sup> bytes) – estimated approximate size of the [[Library of Congress]]'s collection, including non-book materials, as of 2005.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://outgoing.typepad.com/outgoing/2005/06/entire_library_.html| title=Entire Library of Congress| last=Hickey| first=Thom ([[OCLC]] Chief Scientist)| date=21 June 2005| work=Outgoing| accessdate=5 May 2010}}</ref> Size of the [[Internet Archive]] topped 10 PB in October 2013<ref>[http://gizmodo.com/5955437/the-internet-archive-has-now-saved-a-whopping-10000000000000000-bytes-of-data The Internet Archive Has Now Saved a Whopping 10,000,000,000,000,000 Bytes of Data], retrieved October 2nd 2013</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>17</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 100,000,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>57</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 144,115,188,075,855,872 bits (16 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2{{e| 17}} bits (25 [[petabyte]]s) – Storage space of [[Megaupload]] file-hosting service at the time it was shut down in 2012<ref>[http://www.hellkom.co.za/newsviewer/technology/873/ 25 petabyte on Megaupload.] Retrieved 16 February 2012</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>58</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 288,230,376,151,711,744 bits (32 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>59</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 576,460,752,303,423,488 bits (64 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 8 {{e| 17}}, the storage capacity of the fictional ''[[Star Trek]]'' character [[Data (Star Trek)|Data]]
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>18</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[exabit]]
| |
| | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>60</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[exbibit]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|1 152 921 504 606 846 976 bits}} (128 pebibytes). The storage limit using the [[AT Attachment#Features introduced with each ATA revision|ATA-6]] standard introduced in 2002.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1.6{{e| 18}} bits (200 [[petabyte]]s) – total amount of [[Printing|print]]ed material in the world {{Citation needed|date=December 2012}}
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>61</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2,305,843,009,213,693,952 bits (256 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>62</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4,611,686,018,427,387,904 bits (512 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>63</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| [[exbibyte]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 bits (1024 pebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>19</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>64</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 bits (2 exbibytes).
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>65</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 36,893,488,147,419,103,232 bits (4 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 50,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits (50 [[exabit]])
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>66</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 73,786,976,294,838,206,464 bits (8 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>20</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|100 000 000 000 000 000 000 bits}}
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>67</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | {{nowrap|147 573 952 589 676 412 928 bits}} (16 exbibytes) – maximum addressable memory using 64-bit addresses without [[x86 memory segmentation|segmentation]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2012}} Maximum volume and filesize for [[ZFS]] filesystem.
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>68</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 295,147,905,179,352,825,856 bits (32 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 3.5 × 10<sup>20</sup> bits – increase in information capacity when {{nowrap|1 Joule}} of energy is added to a heat-bath at {{nowrap|300 K}} {{nowrap|(27 °C)}}<ref><math>\scriptstyle\frac{1}{300}</math>{{Citation needed|date=December 2012}} J K<sup>−1</sup></ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>69</sup>
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 590,295,810,358,705,651,712 bits (64 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>21</sup>
| |
| | [[zettabit]]
| |
| | 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>70</sup>
| |
| | [[zebibit]]
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424 bits (128 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>71</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 2,361,183,241,434,822,606,848 bits (256 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 3.4{{e| 21}} bits (0.36 [[zettabyte]]s) – amount of information that can be stored in {{nowrap|1 gram}} of [[DNA]]<ref>http://www.tmrfindia.org/ijcsa/V2I29.pdf</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4.7{{e| 21}} bits (0.50 zettabytes) – amount of digitally stored information in the world as of May 2009<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/may/18/digital-content-expansion "Internet data heads for 500bn gigabytes"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 18 May 2009. Retrieved on 23 April 2010.</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>72</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 4,722,366,482,869,645,213,696 bits (512 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>73</sup>
| |
| | [[zebibyte]]
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392 bits (1024 exbibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>22</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 bits
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>76</sup>
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 2<sup>76</sup> bits – Maximum volume and file size in the [[Unix File System]] (UFS) and maximum disk capacity using the 64-bit LBA [[SCSI]] standard introduced in 2000 using 512-byte blocks.<ref name="sbc2r04">{{cite web|title=Working Draft T10, American National Standard Project 1417-D, Revision 4, 28 July 2001 |url=http://www.o3one.org/hwdocs/scsispecs/hard_disk_sbc2r04.pdf |page=72 |date=2002-01-08|accessdate=2013-06-23|publisher=o3one.org}}</ref>
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>23</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 1.0{{e| 23}} bits – increase in information capacity when 1 Joule of energy is added to a heat-bath at 1 K (−272.15 °C)<ref>1 J K<sup>−1</sup>. Equivalent to 1/(''[[Boltzmann's constant|k]]'' ln 2) bits, where ''k'' is [[Boltzmann's constant]]</ref>
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
| |
| | 6.0{{e| 23}} bits – information content of 1 mole (12.01 g) of [[graphite]] at 25 °C; equivalent to an average of 0.996 bits per atom.<ref>Equivalent to 5.74 J K<sup>−1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of graphite.</ref>
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| |- valign="top"
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| |
| |
| |
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>24</sup>
| |
| |[[yottabit]]
| |
| | 7.3{{e| 24}} bits – information content of 1 mole (18.02 g) of liquid water at 25 °C; equivalent to an average of 12.14 bits per molecule.<ref>Equivalent to 69.95 J K<sup>−1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of water.</ref>
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>80</sup>
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| | [[yobibit]]
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176 bits (128 zebibytes)
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>25</sup>
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 1.1{{e| 25}} bits – entropy increase of {{nowrap|1 mole}} {{nowrap|(18.02 g)}} of water, on vaporizing at {{nowrap|100 °C}} at standard pressure; equivalent to an average of {{nowrap|18.90 bits}} per molecule.<ref>Equivalent to 108.9 J K<sup>−1</sup></ref>
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| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| |style="border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;"|
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| | 1.5{{e| 25}} bits – information content of 1 mole (20.18 g) of [[neon]] gas at 25 °C and 1 atm; equivalent to an average of 25.39 bits per atom.<ref>Equivalent to 146.33 J K<sup>−1</sup>. Standard molar entropy of neon. An experimental value, see [http://cccbdb.nist.gov/thermo.asp] for a theoretical calculation.</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| | 2<sup>150</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>45</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| | ~ 10<sup>45</sup> bits – the number of bits required to perfectly recreate the natural matter of the average-sized U.S. adult male [[human being]] down to the quantum level on a computer is about 2{{e|45}} bits of information (see [[Bekenstein bound]] for the basis for this calculation).
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| |- valign="top"
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| |
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>58</sup>
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| |
| |
| |~ 10<sup>58</sup> bits – thermodynamic entropy of the [[sun]]<ref>Given as 10<sup>42</sup> erg K<sup>−1</sup> in Bekenstein (1973), [http://128.112.100.2/~mcdonald/examples/QM/bekenstein_prd_7_2333_73.pdf Black Holes and Entropy], ''[[Physical Review D]]'' '''7''' 2338</ref> (about 30 bits per proton, plus 10 bits per electron).
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| |- valign="top"
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>69</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| | ~ 10<sup>69</sup> bits – thermodynamic entropy of the [[Milky Way Galaxy]] (counting only the [[star]]s, not the [[black holes]] within the galaxy) {{Citation needed|date=December 2012}}
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| |- valign="top"
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>77</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| | 1.5{{e| 77}} bits – information content of a one-solar-mass [[black hole]].<ref>Entropy = <math>\scriptstyle A c^3 / 4 G \hbar</math> in nats, with <math>A = 16\pi G^2 M^2/c^4</math> for a Schwarzschild black hole. 1 nat = 1/ln(2) bits. See [[Jacob D. Bekenstein]] (2008), [http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Bekenstein-Hawking_entropy Bekenstein-Hawking entropy], ''[[Scholarpedia]]''.</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>305</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>92</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| | The information capacity of the [[observable universe]], according to [[Seth Lloyd]].<ref>[[Seth Lloyd]] (2002), Computational capacity of the universe, ''[[Physical Review Letters]]'' '''88''' (23):237901.</ref>
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>332.1928</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>100</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| | [[googol]] number
| |
| |- valign="top"
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| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 2<sup>3.321928·[[googol]]</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| |style="border-bottom:0px;"| 10<sup>[[googol]]</sup>
| |
| |
| |
| | [[googolplex]] number
| |
| |- valign="top"
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| For comparison, the [[Avogadro constant]] is {{val|6.02214179|(30)|e=23}} entities per mole, based upon the number of atoms in 12 grams of [[carbon-12]] isotope.
| |
| | |
| In 2012, hard disks used about one million atoms to store one bit. In January 2012, IBM researchers announced they had achieved the storage of 1 bit in just 12 atoms using [[antiferromagnetism]] and a [[scanning tunneling microscope]] with [[iron]] and [[copper]] atoms. This could mean a practical jump from a {{nowrap|1 TB}} disk to a {{nowrap|100 TB}} disk.<ref name=hddcost/><ref name="ibm12">{{cite web|title=IBM Smashes Moore's Law, Cuts Bit Size to 12 Atoms |url=http://www.cio.com/article/697977/IBM_Smashes_Moore_s_Law_Cuts_Bit_Size_to_12_Atoms |date=2012-01-12|accessdate=2013-06-23}}</ref>
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| | |
| == See also ==
| |
| * [[SI prefix]]
| |
| * [[Data rate units]]
| |
| * [[Orders of magnitude (entropy)]]
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| | |
| == References ==
| |
| {{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
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| | |
| {{Orders of magnitude wide}}
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| | |
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Orders Of Magnitude (Data)}}
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| [[Category:Orders of magnitude|Data]]
| |