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| '''Thomas Kilgore Sherwood''' (July 25, 1903 – January 14, 1976) was a noted American [[chemical engineering|chemical engineer]] and a founding member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nae.edu/About/leadership/57773.aspx |title=Founding members of the National Academy of Engineering |publisher=[[National Academy of Engineering]] |accessdate={{Format date|2012|10|21}}}}</ref> | |
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| ==Biography==
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| Sherwood was born in [[Columbus, Ohio]], and spent much of his youth in [[Montreal]]. In 1923 he received his B.S. from [[McGill University]], and entered the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) for his Ph.D. His dissertation, "The Mechanism of the Drying of Solids," was completed in 1929, a year after he had become assistant professor at [[Worcester Polytechnic Institute]]. In 1930 he returned to MIT as assistant professor where he remained until his retirement, serving as associate professor (1933), professor (1941), and dean of engineering (1946-1952). In 1969 he retired from MIT to become professor of chemical engineering at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].
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| Sherwood's primary research area was [[mass transfer]], and in 1937 he published the first major textbook in the field, ''Absorption and Extraction'' (republished 1974 as ''Mass Transfer''). The [[Sherwood number]] is named in his honor:
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| <math> | |
| Sh = \frac{K_c L}{\mathcal{D}}
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| </math> | |
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| where
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| * <math>K_c</math> = overall mass transfer coefficient;
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| * <math>L</math> = characteristic length;
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| * <math>\mathcal{D}</math> = component diffusion coefficient
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| His activities in [[World War II]] included organizing chemical engineers for the [[National Defense Research Committee]] (NDRC) in 1940; consulting to the [[Baruch Committee]] on synthetic rubber development (1942); serving as NDRC Section Chief for Miscellaneous Chemical Engineering Problems (1942), where he oversaw creation of new [[hydraulic fluid]]s, antifouling coatings for ship bottoms, large [[smoke screen]] generators, etc.; and member of the Whitman Committee on [[jet propulsion]] (1944). In autumn 1944 he followed American troops into Europe to gather scientific intelligence. His industrial consulting work included efforts in seawater [[desalination]], removal of [[sulfur dioxide]] from emissions, freeze-drying [[blood]], and the manufacture of [[penicillin]] and [[vinyl acetate]].
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| Sherwood received the U.S. [[Medal for Merit]] (1948), won major awards from the [[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]] and [[American Chemical Society]], and was a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] (1948), [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] (1958), and [[National Academy of Engineering]].
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| ==Works==
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| {{refbegin}}
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| {{Citation
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| |last = Sherwood
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| |first = Thomas K.
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| |title = Mass Transfer
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| |year = 1975
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| |place = New York
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| |publisher=McGraw-Hill
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| |isbn = 978-0-07-056692-7
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| }}
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| {{refend}}
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| == References ==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| * [http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=578&page=247 National Academy of Engineering memorial tribute]
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| {{Authority control|VIAF=6176684}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME =Sherwood, Thomas Kilgore
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = American chemical engineer
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| | DATE OF BIRTH = July 25, 1903
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH =
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| | DATE OF DEATH = 1996
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| | PLACE OF DEATH =
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Sherwood, Thomas Kilgore}}
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| [[Category:1903 births]]
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| [[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
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| [[Category:1996 deaths]]
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| [[Category:Founding members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
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| [[Category:American chemical engineers]]
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| [[Category:Worcester Polytechnic Institute faculty]]
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| [[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]
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| {{US-engineer-stub}}
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