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| {{Infobox automobile
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| | name = Volkswagen Lupo
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| | image = Vw lupo v sst.jpg
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| | manufacturer = [[Volkswagen]]
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| | production = 1998–2005
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| | assembly = [[Wolfsburg, Germany]]{{#tag:ref|Between 1998 and 2005; from 2001, the 3L, GTI models only.|group="nb"}}<br />[[Brussels, Belgium]]{{#tag:ref|Between 2001 and 2005; except 3L, GTI models.|group="nb"}}
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| | successor = [[Volkswagen Fox]]
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| | class = [[City car]]
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| | body_style = 3-door [[hatchback]]
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| | layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]]
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| | platform = [[Volkswagen Group A00 platform]]
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| | engine = 1.0 L [[Inline-four engine|I4]] ([[Petrol engine|petrol]])<br />1.4 L I4 (petrol)<br />1.6 L I4 (petrol)<br />1.2 L [[Straight-three engine|I3]] ([[Diesel engine|diesel]])<br />1.4 L I3 (diesel)<br />1.7 L I4 (diesel)
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| | transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br />6-speed manual<br />5-speed [[Electrohydraulic manual transmission|semi-automatic]]<br />4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
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| | wheelbase = {{Convert|2318|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
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| | length = {{Convert|3524|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
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| | width = {{Convert|1640|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
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| | height = {{Convert|1457|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
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| | weight = {{Convert|975|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
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| | related = [[SEAT Arosa]]
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| }}
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| The '''Volkswagen Lupo''' is a [[city car]] produced by the German manufacturer [[Volkswagen]] from 1998 to 2005.
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| ==Model history==
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| The Lupo was introduced in 1998 to fill a gap at the bottom of the VW model range caused by the increasing size and weight of the [[VW Polo]]. The 1998 VW Lupo was a [[badge-engineered]] version of the stablemate 1997 [[SEAT Arosa]]. Both use the [[Volkswagen Group A00 platform|A00 platform]] which is a shortened version of the Polo/Ibiza [[Volkswagen Group A0 platform|A0 platform]]. Initially only available in two trim variants, the budget E trim and the upgraded S trim; the range later expanded to include a Sport and GTI variant. Petrol engines ranged from 1.0 to 1.4 (1.6 for the GTI) with diesels from 1.2 to 1.7. The differences between the E and S trim included painted wing mirrors, door handles and strip, central locking, electric windows, double folding seats and opening rear windows.
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| Production of the Lupo ceased in 2005, replaced by the [[Volkswagen Fox|Fox]].
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| The Lupo name is Italian, meaning wolf, and is named after its home town of [[Wolfsburg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/carreviews/usedcartests/33781/volkswagen_lupo.html#ixzz1DxSfIPZY |title=Auto Express February 2003 |publisher=Autoexpress.co.uk |date=2003-02-04 |accessdate=2011-09-05}}</ref>
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| ==Specifications==
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| *Length {{convert|3530|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
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| *Width {{convert|1803|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (with mirrors)
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| *Height {{convert|1447|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
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| *Luggage capacity (rear seats up) 130 litres, (rear seats down) 833 litres
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| *Weight 1,015kg
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| ==Engines==
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| {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
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| |-
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| ! Name
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| ! Volume
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| ! Type
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| ! Output
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| ! Torque
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| ! 0–100 km/h
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| ! Top speed
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| ! Years
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| |-
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| !colspan="8"|Petrol engines
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| |-
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| |'''1.0 8v'''||{{convert|997|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||[[straight-4|4 cyl.]]||{{convert|50|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5000 rpm||{{convert|84|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2750 rpm||18.0 s||{{convert|152|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||1998–2000
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| |-
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| |'''1.0 8v'''||{{convert|999|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||4 cyl||{{convert|50|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5000 rpm||{{convert|86|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 3000–3600 rpm||17.7 s||{{convert|152|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||1998–2005
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| |-
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| |'''1.4 8v'''||{{convert|1390|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||4 cyl.||{{convert|60|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4700 rpm||{{convert|116|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 3000 rpm||14.3 s||{{convert|168|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||2000–2005
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| |-
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| |'''1.4 16v'''||{{convert|1390|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||4 cyl.||{{convert|75|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5000 rpm||{{convert|126|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 3800 rpm||12.0 s||{{convert|172|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||1998–2005
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| |-
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| |'''1.4 16v Sport'''||{{convert|1390|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||4 cyl.||{{convert|100|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6000 rpm||{{convert|126|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4400 rpm||10.0 s||{{convert|188|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||1999–2005
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| |-
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| |'''1.4 16v [[Fuel Stratified Injection|FSI]]'''||{{convert|1390|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||4 cyl.||{{convert|105|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6200 rpm||{{convert|130|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4250 rpm||11.8 s||{{convert|199|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||2000–2003
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| |-
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| |'''1.6 16v [[GTI]]'''||{{convert|1598|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||4 cyl.||{{convert|125|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6500 rpm||{{convert|152|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 3000 rpm||7.8 s||{{convert|202|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||2000–2005
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| |-
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| !colspan="8"|Diesel engines
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| |-
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| |'''1.2 [[Turbocharged Direct Injection|TDI]] 3L'''||{{convert|1191|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||[[straight-3|3 cyl.]]||{{convert|61|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4000 rpm||{{convert|140|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 1800–2400 rpm||14.5 s||{{convert|165|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||1999–2005
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| |-
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| |'''1.4 TDI'''||{{convert|1422|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||3 cyl.||{{convert|75|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4000 rpm||{{convert|195|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2200 rpm||12.3 s||{{convert|170|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||1999–2005
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| |-
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| |'''1.7 [[Suction Diesel Injection|SDI]]'''||{{convert|1716|cc|L cuin|0|abbr=on}}||4 cyl.||{{convert|60|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 4200 rpm||{{convert|115|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 2200–3000 rpm||16.8 s||{{convert|157|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}||1998–2005
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| |}
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| ==Versions==
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| ===Lupo 3L===
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| [[File:VW Lupo front 20080524.jpg|thumb|right|Volkswagen Lupo 3L]]
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| The Lupo 3L was a special-edition made with the intent of being the world's first car in series production consuming as little as 3 [[litre]]s of fuel per 100 kilometres (78 miles per [[U.S. customary units|US]] [[gallon]] or 94 miles per [[Imperial unit|Imperial]] gallon). To achieve this the 3L was significantly changed from the standard Lupo to include:
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| * 1.2 litre three-cylinder [[diesel engine]] with [[turbocharger]] and direct injection (61 hp, 140 Nm)
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| * Use of light-weight aluminum and magnesium alloys for doors, bonnet (hood), rear-hatch, seat frames, engine block, wheels, suspension system etc. to achieve a weight of only {{convert|830|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
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| * [[Manumatic#Tiptronic|Tiptronic]] gearbox
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| * Engine start/stop automatic to avoid long idling periods
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| * Low rolling resistance tires
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| * Automated gearbox and clutch, to optimise fuel consumption, with a Tiptronic mode for the gearbox
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| * Changed aerodynamics, so a <math>\bold c_\mathrm w\,</math> value of 0.29 was achieved
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| The 5L, along with the GTI and FSI, had a completely different steel body to other Lupos, using thinner but stronger steel sheet. The car had an automated electro-hydraulic manual transmission with a Tiptronic mode on the selector and an automated electro-hydraulic clutch. The car also had an ECO mode. When engaged it limited the power to 41 bhp (31 kW; 42 PS) (excluding kick down) and programmed the transmission to change up at the most economical point. ECO mode also activated the start/stop function, a feature that was new to European cars at the time. To restart, the driver simply takes his foot off the brake and presses the accelerator. In ECO mode, the clutch was disengaged when the accelerator pedal was released for maximum economy, so the car freewheels as much as possible, with the clutch re-engaging as soon as the accelerator pedal or brake pedal is touched. The 3L also has only 4 wheel bolts and alloy brake drums at the rear, along with many aluminum suspension components.
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| Initially, there were very few options on the 3L, as options added weight which affected fuel consumption. Those available initially were electrically heated and electrically controlled mirrors, fog lights and different paint colours. In order to increase sales, other options were offered including all-electric steering, electric windows and air conditioning. These options however, increased fuel consumption such that the 3L was no longer a true three litre per 100km model. All-electric steering meant that start-stop could not be offered on the same vehicle.
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| According to the Lupo 3L instruction manual, the 3L engine also runs on [[Rapeseed Methyl Ester]] (RME) without any changes to the engine.
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| During the period of series production of the Lupo 3L, Volkswagen also presented the [[Volkswagen 1-litre car|1L Concept]], a prototype made with the objective of proving the capability of producing a roadworthy vehicle consuming only 1 litre of fuel per 100 kilometres (235 miles per US gallon).
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| The Lupo 3L shared its engine and special gearbox with the [[Audi A2]] 1.2 TDI 3L. As a result of this and other changes, this Audi A2 is also capable of reaching the same results as the Lupo 3L.
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| ===Lupo FSI===
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| The Lupo FSI was a 5L/100km petrol version of the Lupo 3L. It had a similar automated gearbox to the 3L but with different gear ratios. Outwardly it was almost identical to a 3L but with a more standard front grill and lacked the magnesium steering wheel of the 3L. The FSI was only sold in Germany and Austria.
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| ===Lupo GTI===
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| [[File:Volkswagen Lupo GTI seitlich.jpg|thumb|right|Volkswagen Lupo GTI]]
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| The 1.6 L [[Volkswagen Lupo GTI|Lupo GTI]] has been labelled a true successor to the [[Volkswagen Golf Mk1]], one of the first true [[hot hatch]]es. {{citation needed|date=February 2011}} The GTI can be identified by its fully body-coloured bumpers and twin central exhausts. In 2002, a six-speed gearbox was added, together with improved throttle response, and was suggested as a competitor to the [[Mini (marque)|Mini Cooper]] or the larger [[Volkswagen Polo GTI]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/19731/volkswagen_lupo_gti_6spd.html |title=Evo March 2002 |publisher=Evo.co.uk |date=2002-03-07 |accessdate=2011-09-05}}</ref> The GTI features much more standard equipment which was not available on any other in the Lupo range, including bi-[[xenon]] headlights, 15-inch Bathurst alloy wheels and an off black interior.
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| With a [[DOHC]] 16-valve four-cylinder engine producing {{convert|125|PS|hp|0|abbr=on}}, the GTI had a top speed of {{convert|127|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}} and could accelerate 0-60 mph in 7.8 seconds.
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| ==Notes==
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| {{Reflist|group=nb}}
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{Portal|Cars}}
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| * [http://www.volkswagen.com/vwcms/international_portal/virtualmaster/en.html VW Lupo's manufacturers home page ]
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| {{Volkswagen}}
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| {{Volkswagen (Europe) timeline 1980 to date}}
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| [[Category:Volkswagen vehicles|Lupo]]
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| [[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]
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| [[Category:City cars]]
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| [[Category:Euro NCAP superminis]]
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| [[Category:1990s automobiles]]
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| [[Category:2000s automobiles]]
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| [[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1998]]
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