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| | My name is Felix and I am studying Mathematics and Math at Kobenhavn V / Denmark.<br><br>my web page ... [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bpw213ql-QU advertising] |
| {{Wiktionary|Ρ|ρ}}
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| {{Greek Alphabet|letter=rho}}
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| '''Rho''' ({{IPAc-en|'|r|oʊ}}; uppercase '''Ρ''', lowercase '''ρ''' or '''{{Unicode|ϱ}}''') is the 17th letter of the [[Greek alphabet]]. In the system of [[Greek numerals]], it has a value of 100. It is derived from [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician letter]] res [[Image:Phoenician res.svg|20px]]. Its uppercase form is not to be confused with the [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] letter [[P]], although both are typeset using the same [[glyph]].
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| == Uses ==
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| [[File:NAMA Alphabet grec.jpg|thumb|The Greek alphabet on a [[black figure]] vessel, with an R-shaped rho.]]
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| ===Greek===
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| Rho is classed as a [[liquid consonant]] (together with [[lambda (letter)|lambda]] and sometimes the nasals [[mu (letter)|mu]] and [[nu (letter)|nu]]), which has important implications for [[morphology (linguistics)|morphology]]. In both [[Ancient Greek|Ancient]] and [[Modern Greek]], it represents a [[alveolar trill|trilled]] or [[alveolar flap|tapped r]].
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| In [[polytonic orthography]] a rho at the beginning of a word is written with a [[rough breathing]] (equivalent to ''h'') — {{lang|grc|ῥ}} ''rh'' — and a [[gemination|double]] rho within a word is written with a [[smooth breathing]] over the first rho and a rough breathing over the second — {{lang|grc|ῤῥ}} ''rrh'' — apparently reflecting an [[Aspirated consonant|aspirated]] or [[voiceless]] pronunciation in [[Ancient Greek]], hence the various Greek-derived English words that start with ''rh'' or contain ''rrh''.
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| The name of the letter is written in Greek as {{lang|grc|ῥῶ}} (polytonic) or ρω/[[wikt:ρο|ρο]] (monotonic).
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| ===Other alphabets===
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| Letters that arose from rho include Roman [[R]] and Cyrillic [[Er (Cyrillic)|Er]] (Р).
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| === Mathematics and science ===
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| The characters '''Ρ''', '''ρ''' and '''{{Unicode|ϱ}}''' are also used outside its Greek alphabetical context in [[science]] and [[mathematics]].
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| *In the [[physical sciences]] to represent:
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| **Densities: [[mass density]], or [[charge density]] (''ρ'')
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| **[[Resistivity]] (''ρ'')
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| **[[Rho meson]] (ρ<sup>+</sup>, ρ<sup>-</sup>, ρ<sup>0</sup>)
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| **[[Density matrix|General quantum states]]
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| **[[Hammett Equation]], ρ is used to represent the reaction constant, this is independent of the position and nature of the substituents of the benzene ring.
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| *In [[mathematics]] to represent:
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| **The [[radius]] in the [[Cylindrical coordinate system|cylindrical]] or [[Spherical coordinate system|spherical]] coordinate systems
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| **The [[Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient|correlation coefficient]] of a population parameter
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| **The [[spectral radius]] of a matrix <math>A</math> denoted as <math>\rho(A)</math>
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| **The [[plastic number]]
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| **The [[Greeks_%28finance%29#Rho_.CF.81|sensitivity]] to interest rates of a pricing function
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| **The expected return of a given policy (<math>\pi</math>) in [[reinforcement learning]], denoted <math>\rho^\pi</math>
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| *In [[economics]] to represent the discount rate of future pence cash flows
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| *In [[molecular biology]] to represent the [[Rho factor|Rho protein]] responsible for termination of RNA synthesis. In such occasions, it is often represented as {{unicode|ϱ}} ("rho symbol" U+03F1), to avoid confusion with the Latin letter ''p''
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| *In [[ecology]] to represent the population damping ratio where ρ = λ1 / |λ2|.
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| In [[theology]], it is used to sometimes denote the crucifixion of [[Jesus]].{{fact|date=July 2013}}
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| *In [[computer programming]]
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| **For [[LaTeX]], the symbols are <code>\rho</code> (<math>\rho</math>), and <code>\varrho</code> (<math>\varrho</math>) (note: <code>\Rho</code> is not defined by default)
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| **The lower-case rho "ρ" has a special meaning in the [[APL programming language]]
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| *In [[statistics]] to represent [[Spearman's rank correlation coefficient]], commonly known as Spearman's rho
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| *In [[Option (finance)|options]] theory to represent the rate of change of a portfolio with respect to [[interest rates]]
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| ===Chi Rho===
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| The letter rho overlaid with [[chi (letter)|chi]] forms the ''[[Chi Rho]]'' symbol, used to represent [[Jesus Christ]].
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| ===Rhodes Scholars===
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| Former [[Rhodes Scholar]]s are entitled to use the Greek letter rho as a designation of their status. When used, the symbol should precede the name.<ref>{{Cite news | last = | title = Oxford University Calendar: Notes on Style | work =[[Oxford University Gazette]] | accessdate = 2011-09-08 | date = 2011-03-03 | url = http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwoxacuk/localsites/gazette/documents/universitycalendar/style--current_for_2011.pdf }}</ref>
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| ==Character encodings==
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| * Greek Rho<ref>Unicode Code Charts: [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0370.pdf Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)]</ref>
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| {{charmap
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| |03A1|name1=Greek Capital Letter Rho
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| |03C1|name2=Greek Small Letter Rho
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| |1FEC|name3=Greek Capital Letter Rho with Dasia
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| |1FE5|name4=Greek Small Letter Rho with Dasia
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| |1FE4|name5=Greek Small Letter Rho with Psili
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| |map2=DOS Greek|map2char1=90|map2char2=A8
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| |map3=DOS Greek-2|map3char1=C7|map3char2=EB
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| |map4=Windows 1253|map4char1=D1|map4char2=F1
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| |namedref1=[[TeX]]|ref1char2=\rho
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| }}
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| *Greek Rho symbols
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| {{charmap
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| |03F1|name1=Greek Rho Symbol
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| |03FC|name2=Greek Rho with Stroke Symbol
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| |1D29|name3=Greek Letter Small Capital Rho
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| |1D68|name4=Greek Subscript Small Letter Rho
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| |2627|name5=Chi Rho
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| |namedref1=[[TeX]]|ref1char1=\varrho
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| }}
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| * Coptic Ro
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| {{charmap
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| |2CA2|name1=Coptic Capital Letter Ro
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| |2CA3|name2=Coptic Small Letter Ro
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| |2CE9|name3=Coptic Symbol Chi Rho
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| }}
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| * Technical Symbol
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| {{charmap
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| |2374|name1=APL Functional Symbol Rho
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| }}
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| * Mathematical Rho
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| {{charmap
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| |1D6B8|name1=Mathematical Bold<br />Capital Rho
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| |1D6D2|name2=Mathematical Bold<br />Small Rho
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| |1D6E0|name3=Mathematical Bold<br />Rho Symbol
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| |1D6F2|name4=Mathematical Italic<br />Capital Rho
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| |1D70C|name5=Mathematical Italic<br />Small Rho
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| }}
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| {{charmap
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| |1D71A|name1=Mathematical Italic<br />Rho Symbol
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| |1D72C|name2=Mathematical Bold Italic<br />Capital Rho
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| |1D746|name3=Mathematical Bold Italic<br />Small Rho
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| |1D754|name4=Mathematical Bold Italic<br />Rho Symbol
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| |1D767|name5=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Capital Rho
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| }}
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| {{charmap
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| |1D780|name1=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Small Rho
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| |1D78E|name2=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Rho Symbol
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| |1D7A1|name3=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Italic Capital Rho
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| |1D7BA|name4=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Italic Small Rho
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| |1D7C8|name5=Mathematical Sans-Serif<br />Bold Italic Rho Symbol
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| }}
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| These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
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| == See also ==
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| *[[Er (Cyrillic)|Р, р - Er (Cyrillic)]]
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| *[[R|R, r - Latin]]
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| *[[P|P, p - Latin]]
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| == References ==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Greek letters]]
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My name is Felix and I am studying Mathematics and Math at Kobenhavn V / Denmark.
my web page ... advertising