Local asymptotic normality - Revision history

en>BD2412: /* Definition */Fixing links to disambiguation pages using AWB

2014-02-24T15:57:08Z

Definition: Fixing links to disambiguation pages using AWB

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 24 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Hyron Spinrad''' (born 1934) is an [[United States\|American]] [[astronomer]]. His research has ranged from the study of [[planet]] [[atmosphere]]s to the evolution of [[galaxies]]. {{As of\|2010}} he was an [[emeritus professor]] of [[astronomy]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].		Are you seeking to purchase G8LED 450 [http://soyourebored.Pixub.com/text/groups/led-grow-light-testimonials-2014/ Watt ULTRA] LED Grow Light - 8 Band with Infrared - Veg AND Flower? Today, there are several businesses that provide LED grow lighting. In the event you loved this article and you would love to receive much more information with regards to [http://bestgrowlightsguide.com/led-grow-lights-reviews-a-perfect-guide-for-everyone/ led grow light reviews – a perfect guide for Everyone] assure visit the web page. They can also supply LED develop lights critique in order to support you have the ideal LED lights for your plants. These lights cover a much larger spread than most compact LED systems, making for considerably improved light penetration in a develop room or tent. The Solarflare series by California Lightworks are one of our most well-known LED develop light brands, for superior explanation.<br><br>Perhaps when you can light a stadium with LEDs we can start off to start to believe about having them for other applications. In truth, car producers almost certainly use way additional than the customer electronic industry. I appreciate the trial and error some customers have gone to with LED nevertheless, I consider you have missed my point altogether. I wouldn't even know if such glowing evaluations are accomplished consciously or unconsciously.<br><br>Xiaoshan passenger [http://Www.Mygamingroom.com/members/berththorpe/activity/589534/ transport infrastructure] Jin Wei, head of the command are said to use LED lighting in rural public transportation method not only solved the tough difficulty of electrical connection internet sites, even a lot more gratifying is that this method was originally designed for the 7th consecutive rainy days as usual to create electrical energy. Use of LED lighting systems, working with solar power technology, no electrical energy expenses.<br><br>In conclusion, LED is not only right here to remain as crop lighting for productive cannabis growing—it appears to be leading the way to new discoveries and possibilities in cultivating higher high quality and helpful plant based remedies for a wide wide variety of individuals and developing situations. Grow Blu lights is the most current and the newest technologies obtainable in the indoor gardening industry. Before, they are using distinctive develop lights which includes CFL lights.<br><br>The new 357 Magnum, 11 frequencies, LED develop light consists of each sophisticated marketplace continues to grow as a leader some LED grow [http://Bigaku.ncity.net/xe/crescent/3682 light push] technology providers seeking for new and exceptional development. Hi weedgirl if your soon after an LED panel ive been following a develop closely on one more web site while this isnt the exact unit the guy was making use of its nonetheless made by the the exact same firm. Led grow lights are applied mostly in horticulture farming.

	~~==Biography==~~
	~~Spinrad was born in New York in 1934. After his family moved~~ to [[California]], he received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in astronomy at UC Berkeley. Following graduation, he enrolled in the [[US Army]], and began work in the [[National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency#Army_Map_Service_.28AMS.29_.2F_U.S._Army_Topographic_Command_.28USATC.29\|Army Map Service]].<ref name="oral_history">{{cite web \| title = Oral History Transcript — Dr. Hyron Spinrad \| url = http://~~www~~.~~aip~~.~~org~~/~~history~~/~~ohilist~~/~~4899.html \| accessdate = 2010~~-04-~~27}}<~~/~~ref> After two years in~~ the ~~army, he applied~~ to ~~and was accepted~~ to ~~the graduate program at UC Berkeley in 1957. He earned his~~ [[PhD]] in 1961, writing his thesis on stellar populations in galactic nuclei.<ref name="Spinrad_thesis">{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad, H. \| title = Stellar Populations in the Nuclei of Galaxies \| journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific \| volume = 73 \| issue = 434 \| pages = 336–337 \| year = 1961 \| bibcode = 1961PASP...73..336S \| doi = 10.1086/127702}}</ref><ref name="berkeley_astro">{{cite web \| title = Hyron Spinrad, Professor, Berkeley Astronomy Department \| url = http://~~astro~~.~~berkeley.edu~~/~~people/faculty/spinrad.html \| accessdate = 2010~~-04-~~27}}<~~/~~ref> He then took~~ a ~~position as a research scientist at~~ the ~~[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], where he performed [[spectroscopic]] studies of [[Solar System]] [[planet]]s and smaller bodies~~. ~~In 1964 Spinrad was invited~~ to ~~return to Berkeley as~~ a ~~professor~~, ~~and~~ in ~~1968 he received tenure~~.<~~ref name="oral_history"/~~><~~ref name="berkeley_astro"/~~>

	~~==Research==~~
	~~Spinrad has pursued research in~~ a ~~variety of areas of astronomy, including stellar composition~~, the ~~formation~~ and ~~evolution of galaxies~~, ~~and the composition of the atmospheres of [[Solar System]] [[planet]]s and [[comet]]s~~. ~~These diverse topics~~ are ~~united in that Spinrad primarily relied upon measurements of [[spectral line]]s ([[spectroscopy]]) in his work~~.<~~ref name="King1999"~~>
	~~{{cite conference~~
	~~\| author = King, Ivan R.; Liebert, James W.; de Pater, Imke~~
	~~\| title = Observations of Hyron Spinrad~~
	~~\| booktitle = The Hy-Redshift Universe: Galaxy Formation and Evolution at High Redshift~~
	~~\| pages = 1–8~~
	~~\| editor = Bunker, Andrew; van Breugel, Wil~~
	~~\| publisher = Astronomical Society of the Pacific~~
	~~\| date = June 21–24, 1999~~
	~~\| location = Berkeley~~
	~~\| url =~~ http://~~adsabs~~.~~harvard~~.~~edu~~/~~abs~~/~~1999ASPC..193.....B~~
	~~\| accessdate = 2010-04-27}}<~~/~~ref>~~

	~~===Galaxy formation and evolution===~~
	~~To study the formation~~ of ~~galaxies, Spinrad looked for distant galaxies. The more distant an object,~~ the ~~longer it takes light~~ to ~~reach [[Earth]] as a result of~~ the ~~[[speed~~ of ~~light]] being finite. In general~~, this ~~allows astronomers to study objects as they were many millions or even billions of years ago. Spinrad~~ originally ~~selected targets by looking at~~ the ~~position of members of the [[Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources]],~~ as ~~the catalogue included many [[radio galaxy\|radio galaxies]] that he thought would be at high redshift~~.~~<ref name="King1999"/> The search was successful~~, ~~and Spinrad found the galaxy~~ with ~~the highest identified [[cosmological redshift\|redshift]] in 1975, and then found several more with greater redshifts~~, ~~including the first identification of a galaxy with a redshift larger than ''z'' = 1~~.<~~ref name="King1999"/~~><~~ref name="Spinrad1975"~~>~~{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad~~, H.; Smith, H. E.; Hunstead, R.; Ryle, M. \| title = 3C 411 - A Newly discovered N galaxy with a large redshift \| journal = Astrophysical Journal \| volume = 198 \| year = 1975 \| pages = 7–11 \| doi = 10.1086/153571 \| bibcode = 1975ApJ...198....7S}}</ref><ref name="Spinrad1982">{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad, H. \| title = Redshifts and spectroscopy of very distant radio galaxies with strong emission lines \| journal = Publications of the ~~Astronomical Society of the Pacific \| volume = 94 \| pages = 397–403 \| year = 1982 \| doi = 10.1086/130999 \| bibcode = 1982PASP...94..397S}}</ref> These~~ discoveries ~~helped show how galaxies have evolved throughout the history of the universe. For example, by measuring redshifts of sources~~ in ~~the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources, it was possible to establish the number of such bright radio galaxies per volume in the universe as~~ a ~~function~~ of ~~its age,~~ and ~~find that there were hundreds as times as many radio galaxies at ''z'' <math>\approx</math> 1 as there are today~~.~~<ref name="Spinrad1982"/>~~

	~~===Solar System bodies===~~
	~~Spinrad spent much of his time at~~ the ~~Jet Propulsion Laboratory looking at~~ the ~~atmospheres of Solar System planets. He discovered [[water vapor]]~~ in the ~~atmosphere of [[Mars]],<ref name = "Spinrad1963">{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad, H~~.~~; Münch~~, Guido; Kaplan, Lewis D. \| title = Letter to the Editor: the Detection of Water Vapor on Mars \| journal = Astrophysical Journal \| volume=137 \| pages = 1319 \| year = 1963 \| doi = 10.1086/147613 \| bibcode =1963ApJ...137.1319S}}</ref> and derived the abundance of [[carbon dioxide]] in Mars' atmosphere, from which ~~he and his collaborators inferred that Mars has an atmosphere very much more tenuous than Earth's~~.<~~ref name="King1999"/~~><~~ref name="Kaplan1964"~~>~~{{cite journal \| author = Kaplan~~, ~~Lewis D.; Münch~~, ~~Guido; Spinrad, Hyron \| title = An Analysis~~ of ~~the Spectrum of Mars \| journal = Astrophysical Journal \| volume = 139 \| pages = 1–15 \| bibcode = 1964ApJ...139....1K \| year = 1964 \| doi = 10.1086/147736}}</ref>~~

	~~==Honors==~~
	* [[Asteroid]] [[3207 Spinrad]], discovered in 1981, was named for Hyron Spinrad<ref>{{cite book \| title = Dictionary of minor planet names \| author = Schmadel, Lutz D. \| year = 2003 \| isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \| publisher = Springer \| url =http://~~books~~.~~google~~.~~com~~/~~books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC \| accessdate = 2010-05-10}}<~~/~~ref>~~
	* [[Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics\|Heineman Prize]] ~~in 1986~~ for ~~outstanding work in astrophysics<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www~~.~~aas.org/grants/awards.php#heineman \| title=Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics \| accessdate=2010-04-27}}</ref>~~
	* Member of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences\|National Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web ~~\| url=http://www.nasonline.org/~~site/Dir/729503573?pg=vprof&mbr=1005269&returl=http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir/729503573%3Fpg%3Dsrch%26view%3Dbasic&retmk=search_again_link \| title = National Academy of Sciences: Hyron Spinrad\| accessdate=2010-04-27}}</ref>

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist\|2}}~~

	~~{{Authority control\|VIAF=24931675}}~~
	~~{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->~~
	~~\| NAME =Spinrad, Hyron~~
	~~\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =~~
	~~\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American astronomer~~
	~~\| DATE OF BIRTH = 1934~~
	~~\| PLACE OF BIRTH =~~
	~~\| DATE OF DEATH =~~
	~~\| PLACE OF DEATH =~~
	}}
	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Spinrad, Hyron}}~~
	~~[[Category:1934 births]]~~
	~~[[Category:Living people]]~~
	~~[[Category:American astronomers]]~~
	~~[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]~~
	~~[[Category:Members~~ of the ~~United States National Academy of Sciences]]~~
	~~[[Category:Winners of~~ the ~~Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics]]~~

en>Jesse V.: /* References */tags and general fixes, removed stub tag using AWB (8853)

2013-02-06T13:14:07Z

References: tags and general fixes, removed stub tag using AWB (8853)

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en>RjwilmsiBot: /* Definition */fixing page range dashes using AWB (7840)

2011-09-24T02:56:27Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 24 February 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Hyron Spinrad''' (born 1934) is an [[United States\|American]] [[astronomer]]. His research has ranged from the study of [[planet]] [[atmosphere]]s to the evolution of [[galaxies]]. {{As of\|2010}} he was an [[emeritus professor]] of [[astronomy]] at the [[University of California, Berkeley]].		Are you seeking to purchase G8LED 450 [http://soyourebored.Pixub.com/text/groups/led-grow-light-testimonials-2014/ Watt ULTRA] LED Grow Light - 8 Band with Infrared - Veg AND Flower? Today, there are several businesses that provide LED grow lighting. In the event you loved this article and you would love to receive much more information with regards to [http://bestgrowlightsguide.com/led-grow-lights-reviews-a-perfect-guide-for-everyone/ led grow light reviews – a perfect guide for Everyone] assure visit the web page. They can also supply LED develop lights critique in order to support you have the ideal LED lights for your plants. These lights cover a much larger spread than most compact LED systems, making for considerably improved light penetration in a develop room or tent. The Solarflare series by California Lightworks are one of our most well-known LED develop light brands, for superior explanation.<br><br>Perhaps when you can light a stadium with LEDs we can start off to start to believe about having them for other applications. In truth, car producers almost certainly use way additional than the customer electronic industry. I appreciate the trial and error some customers have gone to with LED nevertheless, I consider you have missed my point altogether. I wouldn't even know if such glowing evaluations are accomplished consciously or unconsciously.<br><br>Xiaoshan passenger [http://Www.Mygamingroom.com/members/berththorpe/activity/589534/ transport infrastructure] Jin Wei, head of the command are said to use LED lighting in rural public transportation method not only solved the tough difficulty of electrical connection internet sites, even a lot more gratifying is that this method was originally designed for the 7th consecutive rainy days as usual to create electrical energy. Use of LED lighting systems, working with solar power technology, no electrical energy expenses.<br><br>In conclusion, LED is not only right here to remain as crop lighting for productive cannabis growing—it appears to be leading the way to new discoveries and possibilities in cultivating higher high quality and helpful plant based remedies for a wide wide variety of individuals and developing situations. Grow Blu lights is the most current and the newest technologies obtainable in the indoor gardening industry. Before, they are using distinctive develop lights which includes CFL lights.<br><br>The new 357 Magnum, 11 frequencies, LED develop light consists of each sophisticated marketplace continues to grow as a leader some LED grow [http://Bigaku.ncity.net/xe/crescent/3682 light push] technology providers seeking for new and exceptional development. Hi weedgirl if your soon after an LED panel ive been following a develop closely on one more web site while this isnt the exact unit the guy was making use of its nonetheless made by the the exact same firm. Led grow lights are applied mostly in horticulture farming.

	~~==Biography==~~
	~~Spinrad was born in New York in 1934. After his family moved~~ to [[California]], he received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in astronomy at UC Berkeley. Following graduation, he enrolled in the [[US Army]], and began work in the [[National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency#Army_Map_Service_.28AMS.29_.2F_U.S._Army_Topographic_Command_.28USATC.29\|Army Map Service]].<ref name="oral_history">{{cite web \| title = Oral History Transcript — Dr. Hyron Spinrad \| url = http://~~www~~.~~aip~~.~~org~~/~~history~~/~~ohilist~~/~~4899.html \| accessdate = 2010~~-04-~~27}}<~~/~~ref> After two years in~~ the ~~army, he applied~~ to ~~and was accepted~~ to ~~the graduate program at UC Berkeley in 1957. He earned his~~ [[PhD]] in 1961, writing his thesis on stellar populations in galactic nuclei.<ref name="Spinrad_thesis">{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad, H. \| title = Stellar Populations in the Nuclei of Galaxies \| journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific \| volume = 73 \| issue = 434 \| pages = 336–337 \| year = 1961 \| bibcode = 1961PASP...73..336S \| doi = 10.1086/127702}}</ref><ref name="berkeley_astro">{{cite web \| title = Hyron Spinrad, Professor, Berkeley Astronomy Department \| url = http://~~astro~~.~~berkeley.edu~~/~~people/faculty/spinrad.html \| accessdate = 2010~~-04-~~27}}<~~/~~ref> He then took~~ a ~~position as a research scientist at~~ the ~~[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]], where he performed [[spectroscopic]] studies of [[Solar System]] [[planet]]s and smaller bodies~~. ~~In 1964 Spinrad was invited~~ to ~~return to Berkeley as~~ a ~~professor~~, ~~and~~ in ~~1968 he received tenure~~.<~~ref name="oral_history"/~~><~~ref name="berkeley_astro"/~~>

	~~==Research==~~
	~~Spinrad has pursued research in~~ a ~~variety of areas of astronomy, including stellar composition~~, the ~~formation~~ and ~~evolution of galaxies~~, ~~and the composition of the atmospheres of [[Solar System]] [[planet]]s and [[comet]]s~~. ~~These diverse topics~~ are ~~united in that Spinrad primarily relied upon measurements of [[spectral line]]s ([[spectroscopy]]) in his work~~.<~~ref name="King1999"~~>
	~~{{cite conference~~
	~~\| author = King, Ivan R.; Liebert, James W.; de Pater, Imke~~
	~~\| title = Observations of Hyron Spinrad~~
	~~\| booktitle = The Hy-Redshift Universe: Galaxy Formation and Evolution at High Redshift~~
	~~\| pages = 1–8~~
	~~\| editor = Bunker, Andrew; van Breugel, Wil~~
	~~\| publisher = Astronomical Society of the Pacific~~
	~~\| date = June 21–24, 1999~~
	~~\| location = Berkeley~~
	~~\| url =~~ http://~~adsabs~~.~~harvard~~.~~edu~~/~~abs~~/~~1999ASPC..193.....B~~
	~~\| accessdate = 2010-04-27}}<~~/~~ref>~~

	~~===Galaxy formation and evolution===~~
	~~To study the formation~~ of ~~galaxies, Spinrad looked for distant galaxies. The more distant an object,~~ the ~~longer it takes light~~ to ~~reach [[Earth]] as a result of~~ the ~~[[speed~~ of ~~light]] being finite. In general~~, this ~~allows astronomers to study objects as they were many millions or even billions of years ago. Spinrad~~ originally ~~selected targets by looking at~~ the ~~position of members of the [[Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources]],~~ as ~~the catalogue included many [[radio galaxy\|radio galaxies]] that he thought would be at high redshift~~.~~<ref name="King1999"/> The search was successful~~, ~~and Spinrad found the galaxy~~ with ~~the highest identified [[cosmological redshift\|redshift]] in 1975, and then found several more with greater redshifts~~, ~~including the first identification of a galaxy with a redshift larger than ''z'' = 1~~.<~~ref name="King1999"/~~><~~ref name="Spinrad1975"~~>~~{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad~~, H.; Smith, H. E.; Hunstead, R.; Ryle, M. \| title = 3C 411 - A Newly discovered N galaxy with a large redshift \| journal = Astrophysical Journal \| volume = 198 \| year = 1975 \| pages = 7–11 \| doi = 10.1086/153571 \| bibcode = 1975ApJ...198....7S}}</ref><ref name="Spinrad1982">{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad, H. \| title = Redshifts and spectroscopy of very distant radio galaxies with strong emission lines \| journal = Publications of the ~~Astronomical Society of the Pacific \| volume = 94 \| pages = 397–403 \| year = 1982 \| doi = 10.1086/130999 \| bibcode = 1982PASP...94..397S}}</ref> These~~ discoveries ~~helped show how galaxies have evolved throughout the history of the universe. For example, by measuring redshifts of sources~~ in ~~the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources, it was possible to establish the number of such bright radio galaxies per volume in the universe as~~ a ~~function~~ of ~~its age,~~ and ~~find that there were hundreds as times as many radio galaxies at ''z'' <math>\approx</math> 1 as there are today~~.~~<ref name="Spinrad1982"/>~~

	~~===Solar System bodies===~~
	~~Spinrad spent much of his time at~~ the ~~Jet Propulsion Laboratory looking at~~ the ~~atmospheres of Solar System planets. He discovered [[water vapor]]~~ in the ~~atmosphere of [[Mars]],<ref name = "Spinrad1963">{{cite journal \| author = Spinrad, H~~.~~; Münch~~, Guido; Kaplan, Lewis D. \| title = Letter to the Editor: the Detection of Water Vapor on Mars \| journal = Astrophysical Journal \| volume=137 \| pages = 1319 \| year = 1963 \| doi = 10.1086/147613 \| bibcode =1963ApJ...137.1319S}}</ref> and derived the abundance of [[carbon dioxide]] in Mars' atmosphere, from which ~~he and his collaborators inferred that Mars has an atmosphere very much more tenuous than Earth's~~.<~~ref name="King1999"/~~><~~ref name="Kaplan1964"~~>~~{{cite journal \| author = Kaplan~~, ~~Lewis D.; Münch~~, ~~Guido; Spinrad, Hyron \| title = An Analysis~~ of ~~the Spectrum of Mars \| journal = Astrophysical Journal \| volume = 139 \| pages = 1–15 \| bibcode = 1964ApJ...139....1K \| year = 1964 \| doi = 10.1086/147736}}</ref>~~

	~~==Honors==~~
	* [[Asteroid]] [[3207 Spinrad]], discovered in 1981, was named for Hyron Spinrad<ref>{{cite book \| title = Dictionary of minor planet names \| author = Schmadel, Lutz D. \| year = 2003 \| isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3 \| publisher = Springer \| url =http://~~books~~.~~google~~.~~com~~/~~books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC \| accessdate = 2010-05-10}}<~~/~~ref>~~
	* [[Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics\|Heineman Prize]] ~~in 1986~~ for ~~outstanding work in astrophysics<ref>{{cite web \| url=http://www~~.~~aas.org/grants/awards.php#heineman \| title=Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics \| accessdate=2010-04-27}}</ref>~~
	* Member of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences\|National Academy of Sciences]]<ref>{{cite web ~~\| url=http://www.nasonline.org/~~site/Dir/729503573?pg=vprof&mbr=1005269&returl=http://www.nasonline.org/site/Dir/729503573%3Fpg%3Dsrch%26view%3Dbasic&retmk=search_again_link \| title = National Academy of Sciences: Hyron Spinrad\| accessdate=2010-04-27}}</ref>

	~~==References==~~
	~~{{reflist\|2}}~~

	~~{{Authority control\|VIAF=24931675}}~~
	~~{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->~~
	~~\| NAME =Spinrad, Hyron~~
	~~\| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =~~
	~~\| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American astronomer~~
	~~\| DATE OF BIRTH = 1934~~
	~~\| PLACE OF BIRTH =~~
	~~\| DATE OF DEATH =~~
	~~\| PLACE OF DEATH =~~
	}}
	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Spinrad, Hyron}}~~
	~~[[Category:1934 births]]~~
	~~[[Category:Living people]]~~
	~~[[Category:American astronomers]]~~
	~~[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]~~
	~~[[Category:Members~~ of the ~~United States National Academy of Sciences]]~~
	~~[[Category:Winners of~~ the ~~Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics]]~~