Error vector magnitude - Revision history

Salix alba: fix % bug in $use \% to avoid parse errors$

2014-10-28T07:06:35Z

fix % bug in <math> use \% to avoid parse errors

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:06, 28 October 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{Unreferenced\|date=November 2010}}~~		Irwin Butts is what my wife enjoys to call me though I don't really like being known as like that. One of the extremely best issues in the globe for me is to do aerobics and now I'm trying to make money with it. My day occupation is a librarian. North Dakota is our beginning place.<br><br>my web blog home std test [[http://wmazowiecku.pl/stay-yeast-infection-free-using-these-helpful-suggestions/ check out here]]

	~~In [[telecommunications]], an~~ '~~''optical buffer''' is a device that is capable of temporarily storing light. Just~~ as in the case of a regular [[buffer (telecommunication)\|buffer]], it is a [[storage medium]] that enables compensation for a difference in time of occurrence of events. More specifically, an optical buffer serves to store data that ~~was transmitted optically (i~~.~~e., in the form~~ of ~~light), without converting it to~~ the ~~electrical domain.~~

	~~==Optical networks==~~
	~~Today, [[computer networks]] consist of [[optical fiber]] links, interconnected by electrical nodes. The data transport~~ in the ~~backbone~~ is done in the form of light, typically from [[LED]] or [[laser]]. [[DWDM]] technologies enable bitrates well beyond 1 Tbit/s. However, at the nodes, this light has to be converted to the electronic domain, in order to switch all data to their separate destinations. Due to rapidly increasing channel capacities, the switching capacity is becoming the bottleneck of the system. Currently, research activities focus on [[optical switching]] technologies, that involve fewer or no conversions from the optical to ~~the electronic domain. An important problem however, is the buffering.~~

	~~==Contention resolution==~~
	~~Whenever two or more data packets arrive at a network node at the same time~~ and ~~contend for the same output, external blocking occurs. All packets but one are perceived as superfluous, and have~~ to ~~be dealt~~ with. Next to the obvious choice of dropping all excess packets, academic literature typically presents three solutions: buffering, deflection routing or wavelength conversion. Optical buffering uses fiber delay lines (FDLs) to delay the light, and is regarded as the most effective, but comes with the additional cost of the FDLs.

	~~==Implementation of optical buffers==~~
	~~As light cannot be frozen, an optical buffer is made of optical fibers, and~~ is ~~generally much larger than a [[RAM]] chip of comparable capacity. A single fiber can serve as a buffer. However,~~ a ~~set of more than one is usually used~~. ~~A possibility, for example,~~ is ~~to choose a certain length <math>D</math> for the smallest fiber, and then let the second, third..~~. ~~have lengths~~ <~~math~~>~~2 \cdot D, 3 \cdot D,\ldots~~ <~~/math~~>~~. Another typical example is to use a single loop, in which the data circulates a variable number of times.~~

	~~==Research==~~
	~~Currently, research on optical buffers is performed in two separate fields. One is to investigate on the technological implementation of this buffer, and try to reduce the size by using [~~[~~slow light\|slow-light]]~~ [http://~~www~~.~~physorg.com~~/~~news7839.html devices]. The other is to better overall performance, by~~ using ~~[[stochastics]]. (Further detail on the latter approach can be found e.g. on the [http://telin.ugent.be~~/~~~wrogiest author's homepage].)~~

	~~[[Category:Fiber-optic communications\|Buffer, optical~~]]

93.213.179.219: /* Definition */

2014-01-03T23:31:50Z

Definition

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:31, 4 January 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	The ~~writer~~ is ~~known~~ as ~~Irwin~~. ~~Hiring~~ is ~~her day job now~~ but ~~she's always wanted her personal company~~. ~~My family members lives in Minnesota~~ and ~~my family loves it~~. ~~To play baseball~~ is the ~~hobby he will by no means stop performing~~.<br><br>~~Here~~ is ~~my webpage over~~ the ~~counter std test~~ [[http://~~calvaryhill~~.~~net~~/xe/~~board_DsjO50~~/~~23648 click through the up coming document~~]]		{{Unreferenced\|date=November 2010}}

			In [[telecommunications]], an '''optical buffer''' is a device that is capable of temporarily storing light. Just as in the case of a regular [[buffer (telecommunication)\|buffer]], it is a [[storage medium]] that enables compensation for a difference in time of occurrence of events. More specifically, an optical buffer serves to store data that was transmitted optically (i.e., in the form of light), without converting it to the electrical domain.

			==Optical networks==
			Today, [[computer networks]] consist of [[optical fiber]] links, interconnected by electrical nodes. The data transport in the backbone is done in the form of light, typically from [[LED]] or [[laser]]. [[DWDM]] technologies enable bitrates well beyond 1 Tbit/s. However, at the nodes, this light has to be converted to the electronic domain, in order to switch all data to their separate destinations. Due to rapidly increasing channel capacities, the switching capacity is becoming the bottleneck of the system. Currently, research activities focus on [[optical switching]] technologies, that involve fewer or no conversions from the optical to the electronic domain. An important problem however, is the buffering.

			==Contention resolution==
			Whenever two or more data packets arrive at a network node at the same time and contend for the same output, external blocking occurs. All packets but one are perceived as superfluous, and have to be dealt with. Next to the obvious choice of dropping all excess packets, academic literature typically presents three solutions: buffering, deflection routing or wavelength conversion. Optical buffering uses fiber delay lines (FDLs) to delay the light, and is regarded as the most effective, but comes with the additional cost of the FDLs.

			==Implementation of optical buffers==
			As light cannot be frozen, an optical buffer is made of optical fibers, and is generally much larger than a [[RAM]] chip of comparable capacity. A single fiber can serve as a buffer. However, a set of more than one is usually used. A possibility, for example, is to choose a certain length <math>D</math> for the smallest fiber, and then let the second, third... have lengths <math>2 \cdot D, 3 \cdot D,\ldots </math>. Another typical example is to use a single loop, in which the data circulates a variable number of times.

			==Research==
			Currently, research on optical buffers is performed in two separate fields. One is to investigate on the technological implementation of this buffer, and try to reduce the size by using [[slow light\|slow-light]] [http://www.physorg.com/news7839.html devices]. The other is to better overall performance, by using [[stochastics]]. (Further detail on the latter approach can be found e.g. on the [http://telin.ugent.be/~wrogiest author's homepage].)

			[[Category:Fiber-optic communications\|Buffer, optical]]

en>Srleffler: Category:Digital radio

2012-07-15T04:52:32Z

Category:Digital radio

New page

The writer is known as Irwin. Hiring is her day job now but she's always wanted her personal company. My family members lives in Minnesota and my family loves it. To play baseball is the hobby he will by no means stop performing.<br><br>Here is my webpage over the counter std test [[http://calvaryhill.net/xe/board_DsjO50/23648 click through the up coming document]]

Error vector magnitude - Revision history

Salix alba: fix % bug in use \% to avoid parse errors

93.213.179.219: /* Definition */

en>Srleffler: Category:Digital radio

Salix alba: fix % bug in $use \% to avoid parse errors$