en>Bongwarrior: Reverted edits by Jamie parisi (talk) to last version by ClueBot NG

2014-12-15T23:05:57Z

Reverted edits by Jamie parisi (talk) to last version by ClueBot NG

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en>ClueBot NG: Reverting possible vandalism by 152.26.26.61 to version by Marek69. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot NG. (1724184) (Bot)

2014-02-28T19:23:14Z

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202.186.56.42: /* History */

2014-02-03T07:42:23Z

History

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:42, 3 February 2014
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	~~Hi!~~ <br>~~My name~~ is ~~Sabine~~ and I'm a ~~23 years old girl~~ from ~~Australia~~.<br><br>~~my page~~ :: [http://~~darrellvnwu~~.~~jigsy~~.com/~~entries~~/general/~~swift~~-~~products~~-in-~~roof~~-~~hail~~-~~damage~~-~~clarified Fort worth roofing Contractor~~,]		{{About\|the unit of measurement\|the former settlement in California\|Farad, California}}
			{{Distinguish\|faraday (unit)}}
			{{lead too short\|date=December 2012}}

			{{Infobox Unit
			\| bgcolour =
			\| name = Farad
			\| image = [[File:OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg\|300px]]
			\| caption = A comparatively small 1 farad capacitor, for low voltages and current transfers.
			\| standard = [[SI derived unit]]
			\| quantity = [[Capacitance]]
			\| symbol = F
			\| dimension = M<sup>−1</sup>⋅L<sup>−2</sup>⋅T<sup>4</sup>⋅I<sup>2</sup>
			\| namedafter = [[Michael Faraday]]
			\| extralabel = In [[SI base unit]]s:
			\| extradata = 1 F = 1 [[second\|s]]{{Smallsup\|4}}·[[ampere\|A]]{{Smallsup\|2}}·[[meter\|m]]{{Smallsup\|−2}}·[[kilogram\|kg]]{{Smallsup\|−1}}
			}}

			[[File:Capacitors Various.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Examples of various types of capacitors.]]

			The '''farad''' (symbol: F) is the [[SI derived unit]] of electrical [[capacitance]]. It is named after the English physicist [[Michael Faraday]].

			== Definition ==
			One farad is the value of [[capacitance]] that produces a potential difference of one [[volt]] when it has been [[electric charge\|charged]] by one [[coulomb]]. A coulomb is equal to the amount of charge (electrons) produced by a current of one [[ampere]] flowing for one [[second]]. For example, the voltage across the two terminals of a 47 nF [[capacitor]] will increase linearly by 1 V when a current of 47 nA flows through it for 1 s.

			For most applications, the farad is an impractically large unit of capacitance, although capacitors measured in farads are now used, especially for backing up memory. The most commonly used [[SI prefix]]es for electrical and electronic applications are:

			* 1 millifarad (mF) = one thousandth ({{10^\|−3}}) of a farad or {{gaps\|1\|000}} μF
			* 1 microfarad (μF, or MFD in industrial use) = one millionth ({{10^\|−6}}) of a farad, or {{gaps\|1\|000\|000}} pF, or {{gaps\|1\|000}} nF
			* 1 nanofarad (nF) = one billionth ({{10^\|−9}}) of a farad, or {{gaps\|1\|000}} pF
			* 1 picofarad (pF) = one trillionth ({{10^\|−12}}) of a farad

			=== Equalities ===
			A farad has the base SI representation of:
			[[Second\|s]]{{sup\|4}} × [[ampere\|A]]{{sup\|2}} × [[meter\|m]]{{sup\|−2}} × [[kilogram\|kg]]{{sup\|−1}}

			It can further be expressed as:

			:<math>\mbox{F}
			= \,\mathrm{\frac{A \cdot s}{V}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{J}}{\mbox{V}^2}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{W} \cdot \mbox{s}}{\mbox{V}^2}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{C}}{\mbox{V}}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{C}^2}{\mbox{J}}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{C}^2}{\mbox{N} \cdot \mbox{m}}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{s}^2 \cdot \mbox{C}^2}{\mbox{m}^{2} \cdot \mbox{kg}}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{s}^4 \cdot \mbox{A}^2}{\mbox{m}^{2} \cdot \mbox{kg}}
			= \dfrac{\mbox{s}}{\Omega}}
			</math>

			where A=[[ampere]], V=[[volt]], C=[[coulomb]], J=[[joule]], m=[[metre]], N=[[newton (unit)\|newton]], s=[[second]], W=[[watt]], kg=[[kilogram]], Ω=[[ohm]].

			== History ==
			The term "farad" was coined by [[Josiah Latimer Clark]] in the year of 1861, in honor of [[Michael Faraday]], but it was for a unit of quantity of charge.

			== Explanation ==
			Values of capacitors are usually [[SI prefix#List of SI prefixes\|specified in ranges]] of '''farads''' (F), '''millifarads''' (mF), '''microfarads''' (μF, or MFD in industrial use<ref>In texts prior to 1960, '''mf''' rather than the modern '''µF''' frequently represented microfarads. Similarly, '''mmf''' represented picofarads.</ref>), '''nanofarads''' (nF) or '''picofarads''' (pF).<ref name="Braga">{{cite book \|title=Robotics, Mechatronics, and Artificial Intelligence \|last=Braga \|first=Newton C. \|year=2002 \|accessdate=2008-09-17 \|publisher=Newnes \|page=21 \|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yqb-f-HKem0C&pg=PA21&q=microfarad+common+measurement \|isbn=0-7506-7389-3 \|quote=Common measurement units are the microfarad (μF), representing 0.000,001 F; the nanofarad (nF), representing 0.000,000,001 F; and the picofarad (pF), representing 0.000,000,000,001 F.}}</ref>

			The size of commercially available capacitors ranges from around 100 fF (femtofarads, {{10^\|−15}} F) to 5 kF (kilofarads, {{10^\|3}} F) [[supercapacitor]]s. Designers of high performance integrated circuits are concerned about [[parasitic capacitance]] measured in femtofarads, while makers of high performance test equipment are able to detect changes in capacitance on the order of tens of attofarads ({{10^\|−18}}).<ref>{{cite book \|title=Analog MOS Integrated Circuits for Signal Processing \|last=Gregorian \|first=Roubik \|year=1976 \|publisher=John Wiley & Sons \|page=78}}</ref>

			A ''picofarad'' is sometimes referred to as a ''"puff"'' or ''"pic"'', as in "a ten puff capacitor".<ref>{{cite web \|title=Puff \|url=http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Puff.html \|publisher=Wolfram Research \|accessdate=2009-06-09}}</ref> If [[Mu (letter)\|the Greek letter μ]] is not available, the notation ''uF'' is often used as a substitute for ''μF'' in electronics literature. A ''micro-microfarad'' (μμF, and confusingly often mmf or MMF), an obsolete unit sometimes found in older texts, is the equivalent of a ''picofarad''. The ''millifarad'' is less used in practice, so that a capacitance of 4.7{{e\|−3}} F, for example, is sometimes written as {{gaps\|4\|700}} µF; industrial parts at times use the abbreviation MFD instead of µF.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Microfarad \|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Microfarad \|publisher=The Free Dictionary \|accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref> North American usage also avoids ''nanofarads'': a capacitance of 1{{e\|−9}} F will frequently be indicated as {{gaps\|1\|000}} pF; and a capacitance of 1{{e\|−7}} F as 0.1 μF.

			The reciprocal of capacitance is called [[electrical elastance]], the (non-standard, non-SI) unit of which is the [[daraf]].<ref>{{cite web \|title=Daraf \|url=http://www.websters-dictionary-online.com/definitions/daraf \|publisher=Webster's Online Dictionary \|accessdate=2009-06-19}}</ref>

			A capacitor consists of two conducting surfaces, frequently referred to as plates, separated by an insulating layer usually referred to as a [[dielectric]]. The original capacitor was the [[Leyden jar]] developed in the 18th century. It is the accumulation of electric charge on the plates that results in [[capacitance]]. Modern capacitors are constructed using a range of manufacturing techniques and materials to provide the extraordinarily wide range of capacitance values used in [[electronics]] applications from femtofarads to farads, with maximum-voltage ratings ranging from a few [[volt]]s to several kilovolts.

			One picofarad is about the smallest value of capacitor available for general use in electronic design, since smaller capacitors would be dominated by the parasitic capacitances ([[stray capacitance]]) of other components, wiring or [[printed circuit board]]s. When capacitance values of 1 pF or lower are required, engineers sometimes create their own capacitors by twisting two short lengths of insulated wire together.<ref>{{cite web \|title=What's All This Femtoampere Stuff, Anyhow? \|url=http://electronicdesign.com/test-amp-measurement/whats-all-femtoampere-stuff-anyhow \|last=Pease \|first=Bob \|authorlink=Bob Pease \|publisher=Electronic Design \|date=2 September 1993 \|accessdate=2013-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=What's All This Best Stuff, Anyhow? \|url=http://electronicdesign.com/analog/whats-all-best-stuff-anyhow \|last=Pease \|first=Bob \|publisher=Electronic Design \|date=1 December 2006 \|accessdate=2013-03-09}}</ref>

			The capacitance of the Earth's [[ionosphere]] with respect to the ground is calculated to be about 1 F.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://konfluence.org/efield.pdf \|title=Electrical Properties of the Fair-Weather Atmosphere and the Possibility of Observable Discharge on Moving Objects \|last=Williams \|first=L. L. \|date=January 1999 \|accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref>

			==CGS units==
			The '''abfarad''' (abbreviated abF) is an obsolete [[CGS]] unit of capacitance equal to {{10^\|9}} farads (1 gigafarad, GF). This very large unit is used in medical terminology only.

			The '''statfarad''' (abbreviated statF) is a different and also rarely used CGS unit of capacitance that corresponds to approximately 1.1126 picofarads. It is equivalent to the capacitance of a capacitor with a charge of 1 statcoulomb across a potential difference of 1 statvolt.

			== See also ==
			*[[Supercapacitor]]

			== Notes ==
			{{Reflist\|33em}}

			== External links ==
			* [http://www.translatorscafe.com/cafe/units-converter/electrostatic-capacitance/c/ Farad unit conversion tool]

			{{SI units}}

			[[Category:SI derived units]]
			[[Category:Units of electrical capacitance]]
			[[Category:Michael Faraday]]

en>Enric Naval: Undid revision 509790021 by 50.20.13 3.14 (talk) editorializing

2012-08-29T19:15:59Z

Undid revision 509790021 by 50.20.13 3.14 (talk) editorializing

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Electric generator - Revision history

en>Bongwarrior: Reverted edits by Jamie parisi (talk) to last version by ClueBot NG

en>ClueBot NG: Reverting possible vandalism by 152.26.26.61 to version by Marek69. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot NG. (1724184) (Bot)

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en>Enric Naval: Undid revision 509790021 by 50.20.13 3.14 (talk) editorializing